aikace-aikacen hannu

Menene ya faru da cewa muna ƙara ɗaukar ƙarfin kwamfuta a cikin aljihunmu tare da ƙananan kwamfutoci da aka kera bayan Kyaftin Kirk's Star Trek communicator ya yi amfani da shi kawai don magana? Gaskiya ne, har yanzu suna cika babban aikin su, amma da alama akwai ƙananan kuma kaɗan daga cikinsu ... Kowace rana muna amfani da aikace-aikacen da aka sanya akan wayoyin hannu ba kawai ba. Ga tarihin waɗannan aikace-aikacen.

1973 Injiniya Motorola Martin Cooper daga Ukraine ya kira abokin takararsa Joel Engel daga Bell Labs ta wayar hannu. An ƙirƙiri wayar hannu ta farko saboda sha'awar Kyaftin Kirk tare da mai sadarwa daga jerin sci-fi Star Trek.duba kuma: ).

Haɗin kai Waya, an kira shi tubali, wanda yayi kama da kamanninsa da nauyinsa (0,8 kg). An sake shi don siyarwa a cikin 1983 azaman Motorola DynaTA $ 4. DOllar Amurka. Na'urar tana buƙatar awoyi da yawa na caji, wanda ya isa na mintuna 30 na lokacin magana. Babu tambaya game da kowane aikace-aikace. Kamar yadda Cooper ya nuna, na'urarsa ta hannu ba ta da dubun-dubatar transistor da wutar lantarki da za ta ba shi damar amfani da wayar banda yin kira.

1984 Kamfanin Burtaniya Psion ya gabatar da Psion Organizer (1), na farko a duniya kwamfutar hannu da aikace-aikace na farko. Dangane da 8-bit Hitachi 6301 processor da 2 KB na RAM. Wanda ya shirya ya auna 142 × 78 × 29,3 mm a cikin rufaffiyar akwati kuma ya auna gram 225. Ita ce kuma na'urar wayar hannu ta farko da ke da aikace-aikace kamar rumbun adana bayanai, kalkuleta, da agogo. Ba da yawa ba, amma software ta ƙyale masu amfani su rubuta nasu shirye-shiryen POPL.

1992 A wajen bikin baje kolin COMDEX() na kasa da kasa da aka yi a Las Vegas, kamfanonin Amurka IBM da BellSouth sun gabatar da wata sabuwar na'ura wacce ke hade da tabo da wayar hannu - IBM Simon Personal Communicator 3(2). An ci gaba da siyar da wayar bayan shekara guda. Yana da megabyte 1 na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, allon taɓawa baki da fari tare da ƙudurin 160x293 pixels.

2. Mai sadarwa na sirri IBM Simon 3

IBM Simon yana aiki azaman tarho, pager, kalkuleta, littafin adireshi, fax, da na'urar imel. An sanye shi da aikace-aikace da yawa kamar littafin adireshi, kalanda, mai tsarawa, kalkuleta, agogon duniya, littafin rubutu na lantarki, da allon zane mai salo. Har ila yau BM ya ƙara wasan Scramble, wani nau'in wasa mai wuyar warwarewa inda za ku yi hoto daga tarwatsa wasanin gwada ilimi. Bugu da kari, ana iya ƙara aikace-aikacen ɓangare na uku zuwa IBM Simon ta katin PCMCIA ko ta zazzage aikace-aikacen zuwa .

1994 Haɗin gwiwar Toshiba da kamfanin Danish Hagenuk sun fara halarta a kasuwa - wayar MT-2000 tare da aikace-aikacen al'ada - Tetris. Khagenyuk yana daya daga cikin na farko da ya fara amfani da wasan wasa na 1984 wanda injiniyan software na Rasha Alexei Pajitnov ya tsara. Na'urar tana dauke da maɓallan da za a iya tsarawa waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don ayyuka daban-daban idan an buƙata. Ita ce kuma wayar farko da ke da eriya a ciki.

1996 Palm ya fitar da PDA na farko a duniya mai nasara, Pilot 1000 (3), wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka wayoyin hannu da wasanni. PDA ta dace a cikin aljihun riga, tana ba da 16 MHz na ikon sarrafa kwamfuta, kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ciki na 128 KB na iya adana lambobin sadarwa har zuwa 500. Bugu da kari, tana da ingantaccen aikace-aikacen gane rubutun hannu da ikon daidaita Palm Pilot tare da kwamfutocin PC da Mac guda biyu, wanda ya ƙaddara nasarar wannan kwamfutar ta sirri. Rukunin farko na aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da kalanda, littafin adireshi, jerin abubuwan yi, bayanin kula, ƙamus, kalkuleta, tsaro, da HotSync. Aikace-aikacen don wasan Solitaire Geoworks ne ya haɓaka. Matukin Palm ya yi aiki akan tsarin aiki na Palm OS kuma yana aiki na makonni da yawa akan baturan AAA guda biyu.

1997 Nokia ya ƙaddamar Farashin 6110 tare da wasan Maciji (4). Daga yanzu, kowace wayar Nokia za ta zo da manhajar maciji mai ɗigo. Marubucin aikace-aikacen Taneli Armanto, injiniyan software daga wani kamfani Finnish, mai zaman kansa ne mai son wasan kwamfuta na Snake. Wasan makamancin haka ya bayyana a cikin 1976 azaman Blockade da sigoginsa masu zuwa: Nibbler, Worm ko Rattler Race. Amma maciji ya kaddamar da shi daga wayoyin Nokia. Bayan 'yan shekaru, a cikin 2000, Nokia 3310, tare da gyare-gyaren nau'in wasan Snake, ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyawun sayar da wayoyin GSM.

1999 An haifi WAP, ƙa'idar aikace-aikacen mara waya (5) mai goyan bayan sabon yaren WML () - sigar HTML mai sauƙi. Ma'aunin, wanda aka ƙirƙira a yunƙurin Nokia, ya sami goyon bayan wasu kamfanoni da dama, gami da. Unwired Planet, Ericsson da Motorola. Yarjejeniyar ya kamata ta ba da izinin samarwa da siyar da sabis ta Intanet. Ana ci gaba da siyarwa a wannan shekarar Nokia 7110, wayar farko da ke da ikon yin lilo a Intanet.

WAP ta magance matsaloli tare da watsa bayanai, Rashin sararin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, an gabatar da allon LCD, da kuma hanyar aiki da ayyuka na microbrowser. Wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ya buɗe sabbin damar kasuwanci kamar siyar da kayan aiki ta lantarki, wasanni, kiɗa da bidiyo. Kamfanoni sun yi amfani da ma'auni don cajin kudade masu yawa don aikace-aikacen da aka iyakance ga na'urori daga masana'anta ɗaya ko ma an sanya su zuwa takamaiman ƙira ɗaya kawai. Sakamakon haka, an maye gurbin WML da Java Micro Edition. JME ta mamaye dandamali na wayar hannu, wanda ake amfani da shi a tsarin Bada da Symbian, da aiwatar da shi a Windows CE, Windows Mobile, da Android.

5. Wireless aikace-aikace yarjejeniya tare da logo

2000 Ana ci gaba da sayarwa Ericsson R380 smartphone tare da tsarin aiki na Symbian. Sunan "wayar hannu", wanda kamfanin Sweden ya kirkira, ya zama sanannen lokaci don multimedia da na'urorin hannu tare da aikin kira. Wayar hannu ta Sweden ba ta fice ta kowace hanya ba, kawai bayan buɗe murfin tare da maballin da aka gabatar. Software yana ba ku damar kewaya Intanet, gane rubutun hannu, ko shakatawa ta hanyar kunna juyawa. Wayar salula ta farko ba ta ba ka damar shigar da ƙarin aikace-aikace ba.

2001 Farkon sigar farko Symbian, wanda aka ƙirƙira (Nokia ne ya ƙaddamar) akan software na EPOC na Psion. Symbian aikace-aikace ne na abokantaka, kuma, a wani lokaci, mafi shaharar manhajar wayar hannu a duniya. Tsarin yana ba da ɗakunan karatu na tsarawa, kuma ana iya rubuta aikace-aikacen a cikin yaruka da yawa kamar Java MIDP, C++ Python, ko Adobe Flash.

2001 Apple yana ba da app kyauta ITuneskuma nan da nan ya gayyace ku zuwa siyayya a cikin iTunes Store (6). An gina iTunes a kusa da app ɗin SoundJam da software na sake kunna kiɗan don kwamfutoci na sirri waɗanda Apple ya saya shekaru biyu da suka gabata daga mai haɓaka Casady & Greene.

Na farko, aikace-aikacen ya ba da izinin siyan waƙoƙin mutum ɗaya bisa doka ta Intanet da duk masu amfani, saboda Apple ya kula da nau'in Windows na iTunes yana cin abinci ga babban rukunin masu amfani. A cikin sa'o'i 18 kacal bayan ƙaddamar da sabis ɗin, an sayar da waƙoƙi kusan 275. App ɗin ya kawo sauyi kan yadda ake sayar da kiɗa da fina-finai.

6. iTunes Store app icon

2002 Mutanen Kanada suna bayarwa BlackBerry 5810, waya mai tushen Java tare da sabbin imel na BlackBerry. Tantanin halitta yana da burauzar WAP da saitin aikace-aikacen kasuwanci. BlackBerry 5810 kuma ya samar da imel mara waya, wanda ke haɗa wayar ta dindindin zuwa sabar kamfanin na Kanada, wanda ke ba masu amfani damar aikawa da karɓar imel a cikin ainihin lokaci ba tare da sabunta akwatin saƙon saƙo ba.

2002 Wayar farko tare da aikace-aikacen A-GPS akwai. Da farko dai, kamfanin Verizon (Amurka) ne ya samar da wannan sabis ga masu wayoyin Samsung SCH-N300. Fasahar A-GPS ta ba da damar haɓaka aikace-aikacen da yawa da suka danganci sakawa, gami da. "Nemo Kusa", kamar ATM, adireshi, ko tare da bayanan zirga-zirga.

2005 Yuli Google ya sayi Android Inc. akan dala miliyan 50 An san kamfanin da software na kyamarar kyamarar dijital. A lokacin, babu wanda ya san cewa mutane ukun da suka kafa Android sun yi aiki tukuru a kan tsarin aiki da zai iya yin gogayya da Symbian. Yayin da masu haɓakawa suka ci gaba da ƙirƙirar tsarin aiki akan Linux kernel don na'urorin hannu, Google yana neman na'urori don Android. Wayar Android ta farko ita ce HTC Dream (7), wacce aka fara sayarwa a shekarar 2008.

7. HTC Dream shine farkon wayar Android

Agusta 2005 BlackBerry yana samar da manhajar BBM, BlackBerry Messenger (8). Wayar hannu ta Kanada da aikace-aikacen wayar tarho na bidiyo sun tabbatar da cewa suna da aminci sosai kuma ba su da wariyar launin fata. Ana iya karɓar saƙon daga mutanen da aka ƙara a baya cikin jerin aikawasiku, kuma godiya ga ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen BBM, ba a yin leƙen asiri ko kutse cikin saƙon. Mutanen Kanada kuma sun sanya manzo na BlackBerry samuwa ga masu amfani da na'urorin iOS da Android. Manhajar ta BBM ta sami zazzagewar miliyan 10 a rana ta farko, da miliyan 20 a cikin makon farko.

8. BlackBerry Messenger app

2007 ya gabatar da ƙarni na farko na iPhone kuma ya kafa ma'auni don iOS. Lokacin ya kasance cikakke: a cikin 2006, an sayar da rikodi na waƙoƙin biliyan ɗaya akan Store ɗin iTunes. Ayyuka sun kira na'urar Apple da aka gabatar "mai juyin juya hali da sihiri." Ya bayyana su a matsayin haɗin na'urorin hannu guda uku: " iPod mai fadi da maɓallin taɓawa"; "Wayar hannu ta juyin juya hali"; da "ci gaba a cikin saƙon take". Ya nuna cewa wayar tana da babban allon taɓawa da gaske ba tare da keyboard ba, amma tare da fasahar Multi-Touch.

Ƙarin sababbin abubuwa sune, alal misali, jujjuya hoton akan allon dangane da saitin na'urar (tsaye-tsaye), ikon sanya waƙoƙi da fina-finai a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar wayar ta amfani da aikace-aikacen iTunes da bincika yanar gizo ta amfani da Safari. mai bincike. Gasar ta daga kafada, kuma bayan watanni shida, abokan ciniki sun shiga cikin shaguna. IPhone ya canza kasuwar wayoyin hannu da dabi'un masu amfani da shi. A cikin Yuli 2008, Apple ya ƙaddamar da App Store, dandamali na dijital don iPad, iPhone, da iPod touch.

2008 Google yana ƙaddamar da Kasuwar Android (yanzu Google Play Store) ƴan watanni kaɗan bayan fara fitar da samfurin Apple. Google a cikin dabarun ci gaba Android tsarin ya mayar da hankali ne kan manhajojin da ya kamata a rika samun su kyauta kuma kyauta a Kasuwar Android. An sanar da gasar "Android Developer Challenge I" ga masu haɓakawa, kuma mawallafin aikace-aikacen mafi ban sha'awa - Kunshin SDK, wanda ya haɗa da kayan aikin da ake buƙata da umarni don masu haɓakawa. Tasirin ya kasance mai ban sha'awa saboda babu isasshen sarari a cikin shagon don duk aikace-aikacen.

2009 Rovio, wani kamfani na Finnish da ke bakin fatarar kuɗi, ya ƙara Angry Birds zuwa App Store. Wasan ya ci Finland da sauri, ya shiga tallata wasan mako, sannan kuma abubuwan da suka biyo baya sun fashe. A cikin Mayu 2012, Angry Birds sun zama ƙa'idar #1 tare da sama da biliyan 2 zazzagewa akan dandamali daban-daban. Sabbin nau'ikan aikace-aikacen, ƙari, da kuma a cikin 2016 an ƙirƙiri wani zane mai ban dariya game da abubuwan da suka faru na garken tsuntsaye.

2010 Ana gane aikace-aikacen azaman kalmar shekara. Shahararriyar kalmar fasaha ta fito ne daga Ƙungiyar Yaren Amurka saboda kalmar ta haifar da sha'awa mai yawa daga mutane a wannan shekara.

2020 Jerin aikace-aikace don sadarwar haɗari (9). Aikace-aikacen wayar hannu sun zama muhimmin sashi na dabarun yaƙi da cutar ta duniya.

9. Singapur annoba app TraceTogether