An yi niyya da kyau a cikin rashin lafiya

Muna neman ingantacciyar magani da rigakafin cutar coronavirus da kamuwa da ita. A halin yanzu, ba mu da magunguna tare da ingantaccen inganci. Koyaya, akwai wata hanyar yaƙi da cututtuka, wacce ta fi alaƙa da duniyar fasaha fiye da ilimin halitta da magani ...

A cikin 1998, i.e. a lokacin da wani Ba'amurke mai bincike, Kevin Tracy (1), ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajensa akan beraye, ba a ga alaƙa tsakanin jijiyar vagus da tsarin rigakafi a cikin jiki ba. An yi la'akari da irin wannan haɗin kai kusan ba zai yiwu ba.

Amma Tracy ta tabbata cewa akwai. Ya haɗa na'urar motsa jiki na lantarki mai riƙe da hannu zuwa jijiyar dabba kuma ya yi maganinta da "harbi". Sai ya ba bera TNF (tumor necrosis factor), furotin da ke hade da kumburi a cikin dabbobi da mutane. Ya kamata dabbar ta yi zafi sosai cikin sa'a guda, amma da aka bincika an gano cewa an toshe TNF da kashi 75%.

Ya bayyana cewa tsarin juyayi yana aiki a matsayin tashar kwamfuta, wanda zaka iya hana kamuwa da cuta kafin ya fara, ko kuma dakatar da ci gaba.

Daidaitaccen shirye-shiryen wutar lantarki wanda ke shafar tsarin juyayi na iya maye gurbin tasirin magunguna masu tsada waɗanda ba ruwansu da lafiyar majiyyaci.

Ramut na jiki

Wannan binciken ya bude wani sabon reshe mai suna bioelectronics, wanda ke neman ƙarin ƙananan ƙwararrun hanyoyin fasaha don ƙarfafa jiki don tayar da martani da aka tsara a hankali. Har yanzu dabarar tana cikin ƙuruciyarta. Bugu da ƙari, akwai damuwa mai tsanani game da amincin da'irori na lantarki. Duk da haka, idan aka kwatanta da magunguna, yana da babbar fa'ida.

A cikin Mayu 2014, Tracy ta gaya wa New York Times cewa fasahar bioelectronic na iya samun nasarar maye gurbin masana'antar harhada magunguna kuma ya maimaita sau da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

Kamfanin da ya kafa, SetPoint Medical (2), ya fara amfani da sabon maganin ga rukunin masu sa kai goma sha biyu daga Bosnia da Herzegovina shekaru biyu da suka wuce. An dasa ƙananan jijiyoyi masu motsa jiki waɗanda ke fitar da siginar lantarki a cikin wuyansu. A cikin mutane takwas, gwajin ya yi nasara - ciwo mai tsanani ya ragu, matakin furotin pro-inflammatory ya koma al'ada, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, sabuwar hanyar ba ta haifar da mummunan sakamako ba. Ya rage matakin TNF da kusan 80%, ba tare da kawar da shi gaba daya ba, kamar yadda lamarin yake tare da magunguna.

2. Bioelectronic guntu SetPoint Medical

Bayan shekaru na binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, a cikin 2011 SetPoint Medical, wanda kamfanin harhada magunguna GlaxoSmithKline ya saka hannun jari, ya fara gwajin asibiti na abubuwan da ke motsa jijiya don yaƙar cututtuka. Kashi biyu bisa uku na marasa lafiya a cikin binciken da ke da tsayin daka fiye da 19 cm a cikin wuyansa da aka haɗa da jijiyar ƙwayar cuta sun sami ci gaba, rage zafi da kumburi. Masana kimiyya sun ce wannan mafari ne, kuma suna da shirin yin maganinsu ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki da sauran cututtuka kamar su asma, ciwon suga, farfadiya, rashin haihuwa, kiba har ma da ciwon daji. Tabbas, kuma cututtuka irin su COVID-XNUMX.

A matsayin ra'ayi, bioelectronics abu ne mai sauƙi. A takaice, yana watsa sigina zuwa tsarin jin tsoro wanda ke gaya wa jiki ya dawo.

Koyaya, kamar koyaushe, matsalar tana cikin cikakkun bayanai, kamar fassarar daidai kuma fassarar harshen lantarki na tsarin jin tsoro. Tsaro wani batu ne. Bayan haka, muna magana ne game da na'urorin lantarki da aka haɗa ba tare da waya ba zuwa hanyar sadarwa (3), wanda ke nufin -.

Yayin da yake magana Anand Raghunathan, farfesa na injiniyan lantarki da na'ura mai kwakwalwa a Jami'ar Purdue, bioelectronics "yana ba ni ikon sarrafa jikin wani." Wannan kuma babban gwaji ne. miniaturization, gami da hanyoyin haɗin kai mai inganci zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa na neurons waɗanda zasu ba da damar samun adadin bayanai masu dacewa.

Tushen 3 Brain implants wanda ke sadarwa ta waya

Bioelectronics bai kamata a rikita shi da shi ba biocybernetics (wato, nazarin halittu cybernetics), kuma ba tare da bionics (wanda ya taso daga biocybernetics). Waɗannan fannonin kimiyya daban-daban ne. Maƙasudin maƙasudin su shine batun ilimin halitta da fasaha.

Rigima game da kyawawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu kunna ido

A yau, masana kimiyya suna ƙirƙira na'urorin da za su iya sadarwa kai tsaye tare da tsarin juyayi a ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin kiwon lafiya daban-daban, daga ciwon daji zuwa sanyi.

Idan masu bincike sun yi nasara kuma bioelectronics ya zama tartsatsi, miliyoyin mutane za su iya tafiya wata rana tare da kwamfutocin da ke da alaƙa da tsarin juyayi.

A cikin mafarkai, amma ba gaba ɗaya mara gaskiya ba, akwai, alal misali, tsarin faɗakarwa da wuri waɗanda, ta amfani da siginar lantarki, nan take gano “ziyarar” irin wannan coronavirus a cikin jiki da makamai kai tsaye (harmacological ko ma nanoelectronic) a ciki. . m har sai ya kai hari ga dukan tsarin.

Masu bincike suna kokawa don nemo hanyar da za ta fahimci sigina daga dubban ɗaruruwan ƙwayoyin cuta a lokaci guda. Madaidaicin rajista da bincike mai mahimmanci don bioelectronicsta yadda masana kimiyya za su iya gano rashin daidaituwa tsakanin siginar asali na jijiyoyi a cikin mutane masu lafiya da kuma siginar da wani mai wata cuta ke samarwa.

Hanyar gargajiya don yin rikodin siginar jijiyoyi shine amfani da ƙananan bincike tare da na'urorin lantarki a ciki, wanda ake kira. Mai bincike kan ciwon gurgu, alal misali, na iya haɗa ƙuƙuka zuwa jijiyar da ke da alaƙa da prostate a cikin linzamin kwamfuta mai lafiya kuma ya rubuta aikin. Hakanan ana iya yin haka tare da wata halitta wacce prostate aka gyara ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta don haifar da ciwace-ciwacen daji. Kwatanta danyen bayanan hanyoyin biyu zai ba mu damar sanin yadda siginar jijiya ke bambanta a cikin berayen da ciwon daji. Dangane da irin waɗannan bayanai, ana iya tsara siginar gyarawa zuwa na'urar lantarki don maganin ciwon daji.

Amma suna da rashin amfani. Suna iya zaɓar tantanin halitta ɗaya kawai a lokaci ɗaya, don haka ba sa tattara isassun bayanai don ganin babban hoto. Yayin da yake magana Adamu E. Cohen, farfesa a ilmin sunadarai da kimiyyar lissafi a Harvard, "kamar ƙoƙarin ganin opera ta hanyar bambaro."

Cohen, kwararre a fannin girma da ake kira optogenetics, ya yi imanin zai iya shawo kan iyakokin faci na waje. Bincikensa yayi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da optogenetics don ƙaddamar da harshen jijiyar cuta. Matsalar ita ce, ayyukan jijiyoyi baya fitowa daga muryoyin jijiyoyi guda ɗaya, amma daga dukan ƙungiyar makaɗar su suna yin alaƙa da juna. Kallon daya bayan daya baya baku cikakken ra'ayi.

Optogenetics ya fara a cikin 90s lokacin da masana kimiyya suka san cewa sunadaran da ake kira opsins a cikin kwayoyin cuta da algae suna samar da wutar lantarki lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa haske. Optogenetics yana amfani da wannan tsarin.

Ana shigar da kwayoyin halittar opsin a cikin DNA na kwayar cutar da ba ta da illa, sai a yi ta allurar a cikin kwakwalwar abin da ke ciki ko kuma jijiya. Ta hanyar canza tsarin kwayoyin halitta na kwayar cutar, masu binciken sun yi niyya ga takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar waɗanda ke da alhakin jin sanyi ko zafi, ko wuraren kwakwalwa da aka sani suna da alhakin wasu ayyuka ko halaye.

Bayan haka, ana shigar da fiber na gani ta fata ko kwanyar, wanda ke watsa haske daga bakinsa zuwa wurin da kwayar cutar take. Hasken fiber na gani yana kunna opsin, wanda kuma yana gudanar da cajin lantarki wanda ke haifar da neuron zuwa "haske" (4). Don haka, masana kimiyya na iya sarrafa halayen jikin beraye, suna haifar da barci da tashin hankali akan umarni.

4. Neuron da haske ke sarrafawa

Amma kafin amfani da opsins da optogenetics don kunna neurons da ke da hannu a wasu cututtuka, masana kimiyya suna buƙatar tantance ba wai kawai waɗanne ƙwayoyin cuta ne ke da alhakin cutar ba, har ma da yadda cutar ke hulɗa da tsarin juyayi.

Kamar kwamfutoci, neurons suna magana harshen binary, tare da ƙamus bisa ko siginar su tana kunne ko a kashe. Tsarin, tazarar lokaci da ƙarfin waɗannan canje-canje sun ƙayyade yadda ake watsa bayanai. Koyaya, idan ana iya ɗaukar cuta tana magana da yarenta, ana buƙatar mai fassara.

Cohen da abokan aikinsa sun ji cewa optogenetics za su iya magance shi. Don haka sun haɓaka tsarin a baya - maimakon amfani da haske don kunna neurons, suna amfani da haske don rikodin ayyukansu.

Opsins na iya zama hanyar magance kowane irin cututtuka, amma masana kimiyya za su iya buƙatar haɓaka na'urorin lantarki waɗanda ba sa amfani da su. Yin amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta da aka gyara ba zai zama abin karɓa ga hukumomi da al'umma ba. Bugu da ƙari, hanyar opsin ta dogara ne akan maganin kwayoyin halitta, wanda har yanzu bai sami nasara mai gamsarwa ba a cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti, yana da tsada sosai kuma yana da haɗari ga lafiya.

Cohen ya ambaci zabi biyu. Ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da alaƙa da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke yin kama da opsins. Na biyu yana amfani da RNA don canzawa zuwa furotin mai kama da opsin saboda baya canza DNA, don haka babu haɗarin maganin kwayoyin halitta. Amma duk da haka babbar matsalar samar da haske a yankin. Akwai zane-zane don kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tare da ginanniyar laser, amma Cohen, alal misali, yana ganin ya fi dacewa don amfani da hanyoyin hasken waje.

A cikin dogon lokaci, bioelectronics (5) yayi alkawarin samar da cikakkiyar mafita ga duk matsalolin lafiya da ɗan adam ke fuskanta. Wannan yanki ne na gwaji a halin yanzu.

Koyaya, babu shakka yana da ban sha'awa sosai.