Karfe hydrogen zai canza fuskar fasaha - har sai ya bushe
A cikin ƙirƙira na ƙarni na XNUMX, ba a ƙirƙira ƙarfe ko ma titanium ko gami na abubuwan da ba kasafai suke yin ƙasa ba. A cikin lu'u lu'u-lu'u na yau tare da lu'u-lu'u na ƙarfe sun haskaka abin da har yanzu muka sani a matsayin mafi ƙarancin iskar gas ...
Hydrogen a cikin tebur na lokaci-lokaci yana saman rukunin farko, wanda ya haɗa da ƙarfe na alkali kawai, wato, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium da francium. Ba abin mamaki ba ne, masana kimiyya sun dade suna tunanin ko ita ma tana da siffar ƙarfe. A cikin 1935, Eugene Wigner da Hillard Bell Huntington sune farkon waɗanda suka ba da shawarar yanayin da ke ƙarƙashinsa. hydrogen zai iya zama karfe. A cikin 1996, masana kimiyyar lissafi na Amurka William Nellis, Arthur Mitchell, da Samuel Weir a Laboratory National Lawrence Livermore sun ruwaito cewa ba da gangan aka samar da hydrogen a cikin yanayin karfe ta hanyar amfani da bindigar gas. A cikin Oktoba 2016, Ranga Diaz da Isaac Silvera sun ba da sanarwar cewa sun yi nasarar samun hydrogen na ƙarfe a matsin lamba na 495 GPa (kimanin 5 × 10).6 atm) kuma a zazzabi na 5,5K a cikin ɗakin lu'u-lu'u. Koyaya, mawallafin ba su sake maimaita gwajin ba kuma ba a tabbatar da kansa ba. Sakamakon haka, wani ɓangare na al'ummar kimiyya yana tambayar ƙarshen da aka tsara.
Akwai shawarwarin cewa hydrogen na ƙarfe na iya kasancewa a cikin sifar ruwa ƙarƙashin babban matsi mai nauyi. cikin giant gas taurarikamar Jupiter da Saturn.
A karshen watan Janairun wannan shekara ne kungiyar Prof. Isaac Silveri na Jami'ar Harvard ya ruwaito cewa an samar da sinadarin hydrogen a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Sun ƙaddamar da samfurin zuwa matsa lamba na 495 GPa a cikin lu'u-lu'u "anvils", kwayoyin da ke haifar da gas H.2 tarwatsewa, kuma an kafa tsarin ƙarfe daga atom ɗin hydrogen. A cewar marubutan gwajin, tsarin da aka samu metastablewanda ke nufin ya kasance mai ƙarfe ko da bayan matsananciyar matsa lamba ya daina.
Bugu da kari, bisa ga masana kimiyya, karfe hydrogen zai zama high zafin jiki superconductors. A cikin 1968, Neil Ashcroft, masanin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Cornell, ya annabta cewa yanayin ƙarfe na hydrogen zai iya zama mai ƙarfi, wato, gudanar da wutar lantarki ba tare da asarar zafi ba kuma a yanayin zafi sama da 0 ° C. Wannan kadai zai ceto kashi uku na wutar lantarkin da aka yi hasarar a yau a watsa da kuma sakamakon dumama dukkan na’urorin lantarki.
Karkashin matsi na al'ada a cikin gaseous, ruwa da ƙarfi (hydrogen condenses a 20 K kuma yana ƙarfafawa a 14 K), wannan sinadari baya gudanar da wutar lantarki saboda atom ɗin hydrogen suna haɗuwa zuwa nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta suna musayar electrons. Saboda haka, babu isassun electrons na kyauta, waɗanda a cikin karafa suka samar da bandeji mai ɗaukar nauyi kuma sune masu ɗaukar nauyi na yanzu. Matsi mai ƙarfi na hydrogen ne kawai don lalata alaƙa tsakanin atom ɗin a zahiri yana sakin electrons kuma ya sa hydrogen ya zama madugu na wutar lantarki har ma da superconductor.
Hydrogen da aka matse ya zama siffa ta ƙarfe tsakanin lu'u-lu'u
Wani sabon nau'i na hydrogen kuma zai iya yin aiki roka man fetur tare da na kwarai yi. "Ana buƙatar makamashi mai yawa don samar da hydrogen na ƙarfe," in ji farfesa. Azurfa. "Lokacin da aka mayar da wannan nau'i na hydrogen zuwa iskar kwayoyin halitta, ana fitar da makamashi mai yawa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama injin roka mafi karfi da dan Adam ya sani."
Ƙayyadaddun motsin injin da ke aiki akan wannan man zai kasance 1700 seconds. A halin yanzu, ana yawan amfani da hydrogen da oxygen, kuma takamaiman motsin irin waɗannan injunan shine daƙiƙa 450. A cewar masanin kimiyyar, sabon man fetur din zai baiwa kumbon namu damar zuwa sararin samaniya tare da roka mai hawa daya mai dauke da kaya mai yawa da kuma ba shi damar isa ga sauran duniyoyi.
Bi da bi, wani karfen hydrogen superconductor aiki a dakin zafin jiki zai ba da damar gina high-gudun sufuri da yin amfani da Magnetic levitation, zai kara da ingancin motocin lantarki da kuma ingancin da yawa lantarki na'urorin. Za a kuma yi juyin juya hali a kasuwar ajiyar makamashi. Tun da superconductors ba su da juriya, zai yiwu a adana makamashi a cikin da'irori na lantarki, inda yake zagayawa har sai an buƙata.
Yi hankali da wannan sha'awar
Duk da haka, waɗannan bege masu haske ba a bayyana gaba ɗaya ba, saboda har yanzu masana kimiyya ba su tabbatar da cewa hydrogen na ƙarfe ya tsaya a ƙarƙashin yanayin matsa lamba da zafin jiki na yau da kullun ba. Wakilan al'ummar kimiyya, wadanda kafofin watsa labaru suka tuntube su don yin sharhi, suna da shakka ko, a mafi kyau, an ajiye su. Mafi yawan postulate shine maimaita gwajin, saboda wanda ake zaton nasara shine ... nasara kawai.
A halin yanzu, ana iya ganin ƙaramin ƙarfe ne kawai a bayan magudanan lu'u-lu'u biyu da aka ambata, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don danne ruwa hydrogen a yanayin zafi ƙasa da daskarewa. Shin hasashen prof. Shin Silvera da abokan aikinsa za su yi aiki da gaske? Bari mu ga nan gaba kadan yadda masu gwajin suka yi niyyar rage matsa lamba a hankali kuma su kara yawan zafin samfurin don ganowa. Kuma a yin haka, suna fatan cewa hydrogen kawai… ba ya ƙafe.
