Mafarkin darekta: tarihin Mercedes E-class

Idan ya zo ga sedans na zartarwa, abu na farko da ke zuwa hankali shine Mercedes-Benz E-class. Harafin "E" ya bayyana a cikin sunan samfurin a shekarar 1993, tare da ƙarni na W124, wanda ba ya faɗi yadda tarihin yake da wadata.

Amma a zahiri, tsarin kasuwancin Mercedes ya faro ne daga 1926. Yayinda gyaran fuskar tsara na wannan zamani ke shirin shiga wuraren baje kolin, bari mu tuna inda al'adar "burin darekta" ta fara a cikin jigon Daimler.

1926: W2, na farko "mai daraja" Mercedes

A Baje kolin Motoci na Berlin, Mercedes na nuna sabon samfurin tsakiyar girman tare da injin silinda mai nauyin lita 2, W8, wanda kuma aka sani da nau'in 38/XNUMX. Wannan kusan shine samfurin farko da sabuwar kamfanin Daimler-Benz ta fitar bayan hadewar wasu kamfanoni biyu a baya. An kera motar a cikin kankanin lokaci daga lokacin Daimler CTO Ferdinand Porsche. Saboda matsin lamba daga sama, Porsche ya yi rashin jituwa da darektan kamfanin Wilhelm Kessel, kuma ba a sabunta kwangilarsa ba.

1936: Motar fasinja ta farko tare da injin dizal

Shekaru uku bayan fitowarta, an sake sake W2 kuma yanzu ana kiranta Mercedes-Benz Typ Stuttgart 200. Yana riƙe da injin 1998 cc da 38 horsepower, amma an ƙara yawan matsewar daga 5: 1 zuwa 6,2: 1, Zenith an maye gurbin carburetor da Solex, kuma ana samun gearbox mai saurin gudu hudu azaman zaɓi maimakon daidaitaccen gearbox. Tsarin ya hada da nau'ikan 200 (W21), 230 (W143) da 260 D (W138), wanda ya bayyana a 1936 a matsayin motar fasinja ta farko da injin dizal.

1946-1955: 170 V zuwa 170 DS

Daimler-Benz na ɗaya daga cikin masu kera motoci na Jamus da suka fi murmurewa tun bayan yaƙin. Tuni a cikin 1946, kamfanin ya ci gaba da samar da motocin fasinja tare da injunan pre-yaki 170 V (W136), amma an gyara don bukatun 'yan sanda, sabis na ceto, da dai sauransu Bayan shekara guda, 170 S (W191) ya bayyana, na farko gaba daya samfurin bayan yakin, har yanzu yana da karfin 38 horsepower. Sai a shekarar 1950 aka kara karfin dawaki 44.

Tattalin arzikin yana farfadowa sannu a hankali, kuma buƙatun yana ƙaruwa, don haka Mercedes ya faɗaɗa jerin 170. A cikin 1949, an saki dizal 170 D, kuma bayan shekara guda, 170 S Saloon, nau'i biyu na masu iya canzawa. A cikin 1952, an saki dizal 170 D, sannan 170 SV da 170 SD suka biyo baya. Ƙarshen ya kasance a cikin samarwa har zuwa 1955.

1952-1962: W120, "Pontoon"

Lokacin da aka buga hotunan farko na samfurin samfurin Mercedes 1952 (W180) na gaba a cikin 120, bugun Jamusanci na Das Auto, Motor und Sport shi ma ya sanya waƙar Goethe ta shahararren waƙar "The King King" (Erlkonig). Abin da ya sa ke nan a Jamus ana kiran ƙirar masarautar Sarkin Gandun Daji. Koyaya, har ma an fi saninsa da “pontoon” saboda ingantattun gine-gine masu fasali uku da kuma siffofin kirki.

Tare da ingantacciyar iska fiye da tsofaffin samfuran, dakatarwar kirkira da ingantacciyar injiniya mai karfin lita 1,9 52 lita, motar tana cikin bukatar karuwa. A 1954, sifofi shida-silinda suka bayyana, da kuma 180 D.

A shekarar 1956, na farko 190 birgima kashe taron line - a mafi girma version na mota, tare da 75 horsepower, sa'an nan ya karu zuwa 80.

A cikin duka, an sayar da pontoons guda hudu 443 a duk duniya - kyakkyawan nasara ga waɗannan shekarun.

1961-1968: W110, Fin

A cikin Jamus ana kiran wannan ƙirar Heckflosse ("fin" ko "propeller") saboda takamaiman ƙirar ƙarshen ƙarshen. Magajin Pontoon ya kori tsohuwar al'adar Mercedes ta keɓancewar aminci. Motar tana da kariya daga ciki da kuma yankuna na musamman don karɓar makamashi yayin tasirin. A cikin 1963, an gabatar da birki mafi inganci don ƙafafun gaba, kuma a cikin 1967 an saka sitiyarin telescopic, wanda kuma ke karɓar kuzari yayin haɗuwa.

Iyalan W110 asalinsu sun hada da man fetur 190 D da dizel 190 D, sai kuma 200, 200D da 230 mai silinda shida tare da doki mai ban sha'awa 105 na zamani. Modelsananan samfuran masu ƙarfi suma suna samun tsawan iri, gami da keken hawa. Zaɓuɓɓuka sun haɗa da abubuwa kamar tutar wuta, rufin gilashi, taga mai ƙwan baya, kwandishan, watsa kai tsaye da windows masu ƙarfi.

1968-1976: W114, dash 8

A ƙarshen 1960s, kamfani daga ƙarshe ya banbanta tsakanin ɓangarorin kasuwancinsa na kasuwanci da kuma motocin alfarma, waɗanda har yanzu ana kiran su S-model.

A shekara ta 1968, magajin Fin, W114, ya bayyana, wanda aka zana bayyanarsa ta hanyar zane-zane na Faransa Paul Braque. A Jamus, ana kiran wannan motar da 'yar'uwarta W115 "Strich Acht" - "tabbatacciyar takwas", saboda "/8" ya bayyana a cikin sunan lambar su.

Wannan shine samfurin Mercedes na farko da aka siyar da sama da raka'a miliyan 1 (a zahiri, motocin dillalai miliyan 1976 da juyin mulkin 1,8 sun haɗu a ƙarshen samarwa a cikin 67).

Ana amfani da lambar W114 don injunan silinda shida, da W115 don samfura masu silinda huɗu ko biyar. Mafi abin tunawa shine Bosch wanda aka yi masa allura a shekara ta 250 AZ tare da karfin dawakai 150, da 280 E mai karfin dawaki 185.

A fasaha, wannan mota ne yafi zamani fiye da "Fin" - tare da stabilizer mashaya, biyar gudun watsa, tsakiya kulle da gami ƙafafun. Sa'an nan kuma akwai bel ɗin kujeru marasa aiki da kame kai.

1976-1986: W123 labari

A cikin 1976, Mercedes a ƙarshe ya gabatar da magajin zuwa W114, wanda aka sanya W123. Wannan motar nan da nan ta zama abin mamakin kasuwa, musamman saboda tsarin lalata na Bruno Saco. Sha'awar tana da girma sosai cewa motar tana jiran sama da shekara guda, kuma a kasuwar sakandare, W123 da ba a yi amfani da ita ba sun fi sababbi tsada. Samfurin ya inganta cikin sauri akan wanda ya gabace shi kuma zuwa ƙarshen aikinsa a 1986 ya sayar da raka'a miliyan 2,7. Ana jujjuya direbobin tasi a cikin Jamus zuwa gareshi, tunda injunan zasu iya rufe 500 har ma da kilomita 000 ba tare da manyan gyara ba.

Hakanan shine samfurin farko tare da nau'in wagon na hukuma - har zuwa wannan lokacin ƙarin gyare-gyare ne kawai, musamman a masana'antar IMA ta Belgium.

W123 yazo da babban zaɓi na injiniya, wanda ya fara daga 55 zuwa 177. Na bayanin kula shine nau'in 300 TD, tare da rukunin turbodiesel da horsepower 125. Hakanan an haɓaka sifofin gwaji tare da injin wutar lantarki da na hydrogen.

A karo na farko a cikin wannan samfurin, ana samun ABS, tanki mai tayar da hankali, jakar iska ta direba da ikon jirgi a matsayin zaɓi na ƙari.

Motar ta tabbatar da kimarta a cikin almara na London-Sydney Rally, inda biyu 280 E's suke cikin manyan biyun kuma sauran biyun suna cikin goman farko.

1984-1997: W124, farkon E-Class na farko

Zamanin W124, wanda ya fara aiki a cikin 1984, shine farkon wanda ya karɓi sunan E-a hukumance, kodayake bai karɓe shi ba har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar samfurin, a cikin Yuni 1993. Samfurin samfurin Halicendorfer da Pfeiffer ne suka kirkireshi, kuma samfurin mai amfani ne ta mai amfani Bruno Sako. W124 yana samuwa a cikin bambance-bambancen guda huɗu: sedan, wagon tashar, Coupe da canzawa, da kuma fasali mai tsawo da kewayon samfura na musamman.

Zaɓin mai da na diesel an ƙara faɗaɗa shi, tare da wutar lantarki a yanzu daga 72 zuwa 326 horsepower (a saman 500 E tun 1990). Nan gaba kadan, E 60 AMG ya bayyana tare da karfi 381, 4Matic duk-dabaran da kuma haɗin haɗin mahaɗi da yawa. A cikin shekaru 13 kawai, an samar da motoci miliyan 2,737.

1995-2002: W210, "mai ido hudu" E-Class

An fara aiki a kan magajin W124 a ƙarshen 80s. Steen Mateen ne ya tsara shi a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bruno Sako. Za mu tuna da wannan motar a matsayin "hudu" saboda nau'i-nau'i biyu na fitilun mota a gaba.

Wannan E-Class, sananne a ƙarƙashin lambar W210, ya fi girma kuma ya fi na baya kyau.

Wannan shine Mercedes na farko da ya haskaka fitilun xenon tare da daidaita tsayin katako kai tsaye.

A zabi na injuna ne har yanzu arziki, daga 95 zuwa 347 horsepower. A cikin 1998, an maye gurbin na shida da sabon V6, lambar M112, tare da matsakaicin fitarwa na 223 horsepower da 310 Nm na karfin juyi. Samfuran farko suna da watsa mai saurin gudu 4, yayin da waɗanda bayan 1996 ke da saurin gudu biyar.

Abin takaici, E210 kuma za a iya tunawa da shi don gagarumin canji na inganci, sakamakon ra'ayin kocin Daimler na lokacin Jurgen Schremp na rage farashi. Motoci na wannan ƙarni an san su da lahani da yawa - daga matsaloli tare da flywheel, firikwensin iska, narkewar hasken baya, gazawar hanyoyin taga, zuwa tsatsa akai-akai akan kofofin har ma da alamar kaho.

2002-2009: W211

Matsalolin W210 suna kaiwa ga magajin W211 da aka gabatar a cikin 2002. Wannan samfurin juyin halitta ne na motar da ta gabata, yana gabatar da fitilolin mota bi-xenon, kwandishan na atomatik, masu goge ruwan sama ta atomatik da sauran fasahohi masu yawa. Motar tana da dakatarwa mai maki huɗu a gaba, dakatarwa ta hanyar haɗi da yawa a baya kuma, azaman zaɓi, daidaitawar dakatarwar pneumatic. Hakanan shine E-Class na farko don nuna shirin kwanciyar hankali na lantarki (ESP) azaman ma'auni.

Tare da sallamar Schremp da maye gurbinsa da Dieter Zetsche a cikin 2006, kamfanin ya fara ƙoƙari don haɓaka ƙimar samarwa kuma, kuma ana ɗaukar sabbin sifofin W211 da kyau haɗuwa fiye da waɗanda suka gabata. Bayan gyaran fuska, sigar E63 AMG ta bayyana tare da iyakar ƙarfin 514 horsepower.

2009-2016: W212

A shekara ta 2009, an dakatar da W211 daga ƙarshe kuma aka maye gurbinsa da W212 tare da ƙirar Thomas Stopka, wanda ake tunawa da shi musamman saboda fitilun fitilarta masu ban mamaki. Koyaya, sabon dandamalin anyi amfani dashi ne kawai don motar dako da wagon, yayin da babban kujerun da za'a iya canzawa sun dogara ne akan C-class (W204).

A cikin 2013, Mercedes ta yi gyaran fuska, amma a zahiri, dangane da girman canje-canje da saka hannun jari a ci gaba (sama da euro biliyan 1), ya zama sabon sabon tsari. Kamfanin da kansa ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan "ingantaccen gyara ne" na ƙirar da suka taɓa yi. Fitilar motar yan iska mai rigima sun tafi, kuma sabon mai tsara Gordon Wagener ya kawo E-Class cikin jituwa tare da sauran jeri.

2016-2020: W213

Zamanin yanzu ya fara aiki a Detroit a cikin 2016. Fushinta, wanda Robert Lesnick ya tsara a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Wagener, yanzu ya ƙara haɗa shi da C-Class da S-Class. Hakanan shine mafi girman ci gaban fasahar kere kere a tarihin Mercedes, tare da ikon juyawa har ma ya wuce babbar hanya sannan kuma ya koma kan layinsa.

A wannan shekara, E-Class ya sami gyaran fuska wanda zai fara farawa a yawancin kasuwanni a ƙarshen fall ko farkon 2021. Canje-canjen ƙirar suna da faɗi, amma ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci - gabatarwar fasahar matasan 48-volt don injunan mai, mai biyu da sabon dizal plug-in hybrids. An maye gurbin tsohon tsarin bayanan Umurni tare da MBUX wanda ofishin Sofia na ɗan kwangila na Visteon ya haɓaka.