McFREMM - Amurkawa za su daidaita shirin FFG(X).

Kallon FFG(X) dangane da ƙira na jirgin ruwan Italiya FREMM. Bambance-bambancen suna bayyane a bayyane kuma galibi suna da alaƙa da sifar manyan matakai na sama, waɗanda aka shigar da eriya uku na tashar AN / SPY-6 (V) 3, sabon mast, kama da ƙirar da aka sani daga Arleigh Burke. an sanya makaman ruguza, rokoki da manyan bindigogi.

A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka ta kammala wani shiri na kasa da kasa don zabar masana'antar masana'antu da za ta kera tare da gina sabbin fasahohin makamai masu linzami, da aka fi sani da FFG (X), ga sojojin ruwan Amurka. Wannan shirin, wanda ya zuwa yanzu ya rufe da yawan samar da nau'ikan masu lalata makami mai linzami na Arleigh Burke, ana aiwatar da shi cikin salon da ba na Amurka ba. Shawarar da kanta tana da ban mamaki, tun da tushen tsarin ƙirar FFG (X) na gaba zai zama nau'in Italiyanci na FREMM mai amfani da yawa na Turai.

Hukuncin FFG (X), wanda ake sa ran a farkon rabin farkon wannan shekara, sakamakon wani shiri ne mai bayyanawa - don gaskiyar yau. Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta sanar da tayin aikin ƙira kan sabon jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2017, kuma a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2018, an sanya hannu kan kwangiloli tare da masu nema biyar. Kowannen su ya sami matsakaicin $ 21,4 miliyan don shirya takaddun da suka dace har sai abokin ciniki ya yi zaɓi na ƙarshe na dandamali. Saboda bukatu na aiki, da kuma farashi, Amurkawa sun yi watsi da haɓaka sabon shigarwa gaba ɗaya. Dole ne mahalarta su kafa ra'ayoyinsu akan tsarin da ake dasu.

Wani zane na Tsohuwar Nahiyar a gasar dandalin FFG (X) ita ce jirgin ruwa na Spain Álvaro de Bazán, wanda Janar Dynamics Bath Iron Works ya gabatar. A wannan yanayin, an yi amfani da irin wannan na'urori, wanda ya kasance sakamakon tsarin yaƙi da abokin ciniki ya sanya.

Jerin 'yan takarar ya hada da kungiyoyi masu zuwa:

• • Austal Amurka (shugaban, filin jirgin ruwa), General Dynamics (mai haɗa tsarin yaƙi, wakilin ƙira), dandamali - aikin da aka gyara na jirgin ruwa mai ma'ana da yawa na nau'in Indenpedence LCS;
  • Fincantieri Marinette Marine (jagora, tashar jirgin ruwa), Gibbs & Cox (wakilin zane), Lockheed Martin (mai haɗa tsarin yaƙi), dandamali - FREMM-nau'in jirgin ruwa wanda ya dace da bukatun Amurka;
  • Janar Dynamics Bath Iron Works (jagora, filin jirgin ruwa), Raytheon (mai haɗa tsarin yaƙi), Navantia (mai ba da kayan aiki), dandamali - Álvaro de Bazán-class frigate wanda ya dace da buƙatun Amurka;
  • Huntington Ingalls Masana'antu (shugaban, filin jirgin ruwa), dandamali - ingantaccen babban jirgin sintiri Legend;
  • Lockheed Martin (shugaban), Gibbs & Cox (wakilin ƙira), Marinette Marine (gidan jirgin ruwa), dandali - gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na LCS mai amfani da manufa mai yawa.

Abin sha'awa, a cikin 2018, zaɓi na yin amfani da Jamus thyssenkrupp Marine Systems a matsayin dandamali don aikin MEKO A200, da kuma British BAE Systems Type 26 (wanda a halin yanzu ya karɓi umarni a cikin Burtaniya, Kanada da Ostiraliya) da Iver Huitfield Odense. Fasahar Maritime tare da tallafin gwamnatin Danish an yi la'akari da shi.

Gasa a cikin shirin FFG (X) ya haifar da yanayi mai ban sha'awa. Abokan shirin LCS (Lockheed Martin da Fincantieri Marinette Marine) suna gina 'Yanci da bambance-bambancen fitar da su na Yakin Sama da Ma'aikata da yawa don Saudi Arabiya (yanzu da aka fi sani da ajin Saud) sun tsaya a gefe guda na shingen. Mai yiyuwa ne cewa wannan yanayi - ba lallai ba ne yana da fa'ida ga abokin ciniki - yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka haifar da cire kungiyar Lockheed Martin daga gasar, wacce aka sanar a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2019. A hukumance, dalilin wannan matakin shine don nazarin abubuwan da ake buƙata na Ma'aikatar Tsaro, wanda za a iya cika shi da babban nau'in jiragen ruwa na 'Yanci. Duk da haka, Lockheed Martin bai rasa matsayinsa na mai ba da kayayyaki ba a cikin shirin FFG(X), kamar yadda Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka ta ayyana shi a matsayin mai samar da kayan aiki ko tsarin da sabbin raka'a za su samar.

Daga ƙarshe, ta hanyar shawarar Ma'aikatar Tsaro a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2020, an ba da nasarar ga Fincantieri Marinette Marine. Filin jirgin ruwa a Marinette, Wisconsin, wani reshe na Manitowoc Marine Group, ya siya daga gare ta ta Fincantieri na Italiyanci a cikin 2009. Ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar asali na dala miliyan 795,1 a watan Afrilu don ƙira da gina wani jirgin ruwa na samfur, FFG (X). Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗa da zaɓuɓɓuka don wasu raka'a tara, wanda amfani da su zai kara darajar kwangilar zuwa dala biliyan 5,5. Dukkan ayyuka, gami da zaɓuɓɓuka, yakamata a kammala su zuwa Mayu 2035. Ya kamata a fara aikin jirgin na farko a watan Afrilun 2022, kuma an shirya ƙaddamar da shi don Afrilu 2026.

Ko da yake daya daga cikinsu zai amfana daga lokacin da aka ba wa kamfanonin kasashen waje izinin shiga, hukuncin da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta yanke ya zama ba zato ba tsammani. A tarihin rundunar sojin ruwan Amurka, ba a samu wasu lokuta kadan na amfani da jiragen ruwa da aka kera a wasu kasashe ba, amma yana da kyau a tuna cewa wannan wani misali ne na hadin gwiwa a tekun Amurka da Italiya nan gaba kadan. A cikin 1991-1995, a masana'antu na Litton Avondale Industries a New Orleans da Intermarine USA a Savannah, 12 Osprey composite mine hallakas aka gina bisa ga aikin na Italiyanci raka'a na Lerici irin, ci gaba da Intermarine shipyard a Sarzana kusa da La Spezia. . Sun yi aiki har zuwa 2007, sannan aka watsar da rabinsu, kuma aka sayar da su bibiyu zuwa Girka, Masar da Jamhuriyar China.

Abin sha'awa, babu ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka yi asara da ya zaɓi ya shigar da ƙara ga Ofishin Ba da Lamuni na Gwamnatin Amurka (GAO). Wannan yana nufin cewa akwai babban yuwuwar cewa za a cika jadawalin aikin samfur. Dangane da bayanai daga mutanen da ke da alaƙa da Sakataren Sojan Ruwa (SECNAV) Richard W. Spencer ya soke a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2019, rukunin samfurin ya kamata a kira USS Agility kuma yana da lambar dabara FFG 80. Duk da haka, dole ne mu jira. don bayanin hukuma kan wannan batu.

Sabbin jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwa na Amurka

Umurnin sabon nau'in jigilar jiragen ruwa daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka sakamakon bincike ne da ya nuna cewa gwajin da aka yi tare da manyan jiragen ruwa masu gyare-gyare masu yawa na LCS (Littoral Combat Ships) bai yi nasara ba. Daga karshe dai, bisa shawarar da ma'aikatar tsaron kasar ta yanke, za'a kammala gininsu ne a kan raka'a 32 (16 na dukkansu iri), daga cikinsu 28 ne kawai za su yi aiki. Amurkawa na kara yin la'akari da janyewar wasu hudun na farko ('Yanci) da wuri. , Independence, Fort Worth da Coronado, "an sake komawa" zuwa rawar da ƙungiyoyin da ke gudanar da bincike da ci gaba) da kuma ba da su ga majiɓinta, alal misali, ta hanyar hanya don abubuwan da suka wuce kariya (EDA).

Dalilin haka shi ne binciken da aka gudanar, wanda ya bayyana a fili cewa LCS ba za ta iya gudanar da ayyukan yaki da kanta ba a yayin da rikici ya faru (wanda ake tsammani, alal misali, a Gabas mai Nisa), da kuma karuwar adadin. na Arleigh-Burke-class masu lalata har yanzu suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarin. A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin FFG (X), Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka tana shirin siyan sabbin jiragen ruwan makamai masu linzami guda 20. Biyu na farko za a sayo su ta hanyar kasafin kuɗi na FY2020-2021, kuma daga 2022, tsarin bayar da kuɗi ya kamata ya ba da damar gina raka'a biyu a kowace shekara. Bisa ga ainihin shirin, wanda aka zana a lokacin buga daftarin kasafin kudin shekarar 2019, a matakin farko ya kamata a kai su (a madadin) sansanonin da ke gabas da yammacin gabar tekun Amurka. Bugu da kari, aƙalla biyu daga cikinsu dole ne a shirya su a Japan.

Babban aikin FFG (X) shi ne gudanar da ayyuka masu zaman kansu a cikin tekun teku da na bakin teku, da kuma ayyuka a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa. Don haka, ayyukansu sun haɗa da: kare ayarin motocin, yaƙi da wuraren da ake hari a sama da ƙarƙashin ruwa, kuma a ƙarshe, ikon kawar da barazanar asymmetric.

Dole ne jiragen ruwa su haɗu da tazara tsakanin ƙanana da ƙayyadaddun LCSs da masu lalata. Za su ɗauki matsayinsu a cikin tsarin jiragen ruwa bayan raka'a na ƙarshe na wannan aji - ajin Oliver Hazard Perry, wanda ya ƙare aikin su a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a 2015. Ya kamata a jaddada cewa shirin da aka yi niyya ya ƙunshi tsari na raka'a 20, amma a wannan shekara an raba shi zuwa kashi biyu na 10. Watakila wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ma'aikatar tsaro za ta ba da sanarwar takardar kwangila na biyu don zaɓar wani mai ba da kayayyaki. ragowar jiragen ruwa na sabon aikin ko wani dan kwangila don jiragen ruwa zuwa tushe Fincantieri / Gibbs & Cox aikin.

FREMM fiye da Amurka

Shawarar Afrilu ta haifar da wata muhimmiyar tambaya - yaya jiragen ruwa na FFG (X) za su yi kama? Godiya ga budaddiyar manufofin hukumomin Amurka, bisa tsari na buga rahotanni game da shirye-shiryen sabunta sojojin, wasu bayanai sun riga sun san ga jama'a. Dangane da rarrabuwar kawuna da aka bayyana, muhimmin takaddar ita ce rahoton Majalisar Dokokin Amurka na Mayu 4, 2020.

Jirgin ruwan FFG(X) zai dogara ne akan hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin sigar Italiyanci na ajin FREMM. Za su sami tsawon 151,18 m, nisa na 20 m da daftarin aiki na 7,31 m. An ƙaddara jimlar ƙaura a 7400 ton (a cikin yanayin OH Perry - 4100 tons). Wannan yana nufin cewa za su fi girma fiye da protoplasts, wanda ya kai mita 144,6 kuma ya kwashe ton 6700. Abubuwan da aka gani kuma sun nuna cewa babu kwan fitila da ke rufe eriya ta sonar. Wataƙila saboda babban tsarin sonar za a ja. Har ila yau, tsarin gine-gine na add-ons zai bambanta, wanda kuma yana da alaƙa da amfani da na'urori da na'urori daban-daban, musamman ma babban tashar radar.

Za a daidaita tsarin tuƙi na raka'a tare da tsarin CODLAG na ciki na konewa (haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-lantarki da gas), wanda zai ba da damar matsakaicin saurin fiye da 26 knots lokacin da aka kunna injin turbin gas da duka injinan lantarki. A cikin yanayin yin amfani da yanayin tattalin arziki kawai a kan injin lantarki, ya kamata ya kasance a kan ƙullun 16. Amfanin dabarar tsarin CODLAG shine ƙananan ƙarar ƙararrawa da aka haifar yayin tuki a kan motocin lantarki, wanda zai zama mahimmanci lokacin nema da kuma yaki da jiragen ruwa. . An ƙaddara kewayon balaguron balaguron tattalin arziki na kullin 16 a nisan mil 6000 na ruwa ba tare da mai a teku ba.