Guguwar MAZ 543

Bayan ƙware da samar da jerin MAZ 537 a Minsk Automobile Shuka, wani rukuni na injiniyoyi daga Yaroslavl aka aika zuwa Minsk, wanda aikinsa shi ne samar da wani sabon fama mota ta amfani da tushe da kuma ci gaban da aka yi amfani da don ƙirƙirar MAZ-537.

 

An fara haɓaka motar MAZ-543 a ƙarshen shekarun 1950. Don haka, ofishin zane na musamman No. 1 karkashin jagorancin Shaposhnikov ya yi amfani da duk ilimin da ya tara tun 1954. Tare da taimakon injiniyoyi Yaroslavl a 1960, MAZ-543 aikin chassis ya shirya. Gwamnatin Tarayyar Soviet ta mayar da martani da sauri ga wannan labari kuma ta ba da sanarwar a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1960 ta ba da umarnin fara samar da chassis MAZ-543 da wuri-wuri.

Bayan shekaru 2, na farko 6 samfurori na MAZ-543 chassis sun kasance a shirye. Biyu daga cikinsu an aika nan da nan zuwa Volgograd, inda aka sanya gwajin gwajin makamin roka da makaman roka R-543 tare da injunan roka a kan injin MAZ-17.

An aika da na'urori masu linzami na farko da aka kammala zuwa filin atisaye a Kapustny Yar a shekarar 1964, inda aka gudanar da gwajin zane na farko. A lokacin gwajin MAZ-543 chassis yayi kyau, tun 1 SKB-1954 yana da gogewa a cikin haɓaka injinan irin wannan.

Tarihin halitta da samarwa

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, motoci sun tabbatar da cewa za su iya kawo motsin sojoji zuwa wani sabon matakin inganci. Kuma bayan Babban Yaƙin Kishin Ƙasa, fitowar sabbin nau'ikan makamai ya tilasta mana kera kayan aikin da za su iya ɗauka.

Ƙirƙirar taraktocin soja tare da babban ƙarfin ƙetare an ba da amana ga ofishin ƙira na musamman da kuma taron gwaji na MAZ. A iyali na motoci suna mai suna MAZ-535 - na farko prototypes aka gina a shekarar 1956, da kuma a 1957 da manyan motoci samu nasarar wuce gwajin sake zagayowar. Serial samar ya fara a 1958.

Iyalin kuma sun haɗa da tarakta na MAZ-535V, wanda aka tsara musamman don jigilar motocin da aka sa ido (ciki har da tankuna). Ya zama na'ura da aka fi nema, amma kusan nan da nan ya bayyana a fili cewa ikonsa bai isa ya yi jigilar sabbin makamai da yawa ba.

Don magance wannan matsala, sun ɓullo da nasu version tare da wani engine ikon zuwa 525 hp. Ya samu sunan MAZ-537. Domin wani lokaci, motoci da aka samar a layi daya, amma a 1961 samar da MAZ-535 aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani shuka a Kurgan. A shekarar 1964, MAZ-537 kuma ya kori shi - samar da sanannen Hurricane MAZ-543 a Minsk.

A cikin Kurgan, MAZ-537 da sauri ya kori magajinsa daga layin taron.

Taraktoci na dauke da tankokin yaki, bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu, harba roka da kuma jirage masu sauki. A cikin tattalin arzikin ƙasa, motar kuma ta sami aikace-aikacen - ta zama ba makawa don jigilar kaya masu nauyi a cikin yanayi, misali, na Arewa mai Nisa. A lokacin samarwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, an yi ƙananan canje-canje ga motoci, irin su haɗakar da kayan aikin hasken wuta tare da manyan motocin "farar hula", ko gabatar da wasu abubuwan da ake amfani da su na iska don tsarin sanyaya.

A cikin 80s, sun yi ƙoƙari su sabunta taraktoci - sun shigar da injin YaMZ-240 kuma sun yi ƙoƙarin inganta ergonomics. Amma shekaru da tsarin shafi, da kuma a 1990 da tarakta MAZ-537 aka daina.

Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet MAZ ya kasance a cikin Belarus mai zaman kanta, kuma shuka a Kurgan, wanda ya rasa umarnin tsaro kuma bai sami taimako ba a cikin nau'i na samar da motocin farar hula, da sauri ya yi fatara.

Wani m yanke shawara a kan zabi na layout na gida MAZ-543

Sabon tsarin makami mai linzami mai suna "Temp-S", yana da dogon makami mai linzami (mm 12), don haka tsayin chassis din bai isa ba. An yanke shawarar yin hutu na musamman a tsakiyar gidan, amma ba a aiwatar da hakan ba. Tun da ya rage kawai don tsawaita firam ɗin, babban mai zanen Shaposhnikov ya yanke shawara mai ƙarfi da ban mamaki - don raba babban ɗakin gida biyu keɓaɓɓu, tsakanin wanda aka sanya shugaban roka.

Ba a taɓa yin amfani da irin wannan rarrabuwa na gida akan irin wannan fasaha ba, amma wannan hanyar ta zama mafita kawai daidai. A nan gaba, yawancin magabata na MAZ-543 suna da ɗakunan irin wannan. Wani yanke shawara na asali shine yin amfani da sababbin kayan don ƙirƙirar ɗakunan MAZ-543. Ba a yi su da ƙarfe ba, amma na polyester resin da aka ƙarfafa da fiberglass.

Ko da yake masu shakka da yawa sun bayyana nan da nan waɗanda suka yi jayayya cewa yin amfani da wani abu mai kama da filastik don kogin bai dace ba, gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a cikin jirgin ya nuna akasin haka. Yayin gwajin tasiri, na'urar gwajin ta rushe, amma gidan ya tsira.

An ƙera faranti na sulke na musamman don ɗakin. Tun da MAZ-543 ya shiga cikin tsarin dogo ba tare da kasawa ba, taksi ya sami kujeru 2 kowanne, kuma kujerun ba a jere ɗaya ba, amma ɗaya bayan ɗaya.

Ayyukan kayan aikin soja

Direbobi masu horarwa yadda ya kamata suna iya tuka irin wannan babbar abin hawa. Da farko, wajibi ne a ci jarrabawa a kan ilimin kayan aiki iri ɗaya, matakan tsaro da kuma, ba shakka, tuki da kanta. Gaba ɗaya, daidaitattun ma'aikatan motar sun ƙunshi mutane biyu, don haka dole ne su yi aiki tare.

Ana buƙatar bullo da sabbin fasaha. Na farko, bayan gudun kilomita 1000, ana aiwatar da MOT na farko. Har ila yau, bayan kilomita dubu biyu, ana gudanar da canjin mai.

Kafin fara injin, direba yana busa tsarin lubrication tare da famfo na musamman (matsi har zuwa 2,5 ATM) ba fiye da minti ɗaya ba. Idan zafin jiki yana ƙasa da digiri 5, injin dole ne a dumama kafin farawa - akwai tsarin dumama na musamman don wannan.

Bayan dakatar da injin, sake kunnawa yana ba da izinin bayan mintuna 30 kawai. Bayan da aka yi ruwa a ƙananan zafin jiki, ana fara aikin wutar lantarki don cire ruwa daga injin turbine.

Don haka, abin hawa ya daɗe ba ya aiki a yanayin yanayin da bai wuce digiri 15 ba. Sannan akwatin gear na hydromechanical tare da overdrive ya kashe kansa.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ana kunna saurin juyawa kawai bayan cikakken tasha. Lokacin tuki a kan ƙasa mai wuyar gaske da busasshiyar ƙasa, ana ɗaukar kayan aiki mafi girma, kuma a cikin yanayin kashe hanya an shigar da ƙananan kayan aiki.

Lokacin tsayawa a kan gangara sama da digiri 7, ban da birki na hannu, ana amfani da tuƙi na babban silinda na tsarin birki. Yin kiliya bai kamata ya wuce sa'o'i 4 ba, in ba haka ba an shigar da maƙallan ƙafa.

Bayanan Bayani na MAZ-543

Lokacin zayyana MAZ-543, da yawa asali zane mafita da aka yi amfani da:

• Firam ɗin farko ya ƙunshi kirtani 2 lanƙwasa na ƙarar elasticity. Don ƙera su, an yi amfani da fasahar walda da riveting;
• Don tabbatar da santsin da ya wajaba, an zaɓi dakatarwa mai zaman kanta na nau'in torsion-lever;
• Watsawa kuma ta kasance na asali sosai. Na'urar lantarki mai sauri huɗu ta ba da izinin canza kayan aiki ba tare da katsewar wutar lantarki ba;
• An samar da patency na motar da ƙafafun tuƙi guda 8, kowannensu yana da na'ura mai sarrafa kansa ta atomatik. Ta hanyar daidaita matsi na taya, yana yiwuwa a cimma babban aikin ƙetare har ma a kan mafi wuyar sassan hanya;
• Injin tankin D-12A-525 ya samar da abin hawa tare da tanadin wutar lantarki. Adadin wannan 525-horsepower 12-cylinder engine ya 38 lita;
• Motar dai tana da tankunan mai guda 2 masu karfin lita 250 kowacce. Akwai kuma ƙarin tankin aluminum mai nauyin lita 180. Amfani da man fetur zai iya zuwa daga 80 zuwa 120 lita a kowace kilomita 100;
• Ƙarfin ɗaukar hoto ya kasance tan 19,1, kuma nauyin shinge ya kusan tan 20, ya danganta da gyare-gyare.

Ma'auni na MAZ-543 chassis an tsara su ta hanyar ma'auni na roka da ƙaddamarwa, don haka a baya a cikin sharuddan tunani an nuna su:

• Tsawon MAZ-543 ya kasance 11 mm;
• tsawo - 2900 mm;
• Nisa - 3050 mm.

Godiya ga keɓaɓɓen ɗakuna, yana yiwuwa a sanya ƙaddamarwar Temp-S akan chassis MAZ-543 ba tare da wata matsala ba.

Basic model MAZ-543

Wakilin farko na gidan motocin MAZ-543 shine tushen chassis tare da ɗaukar nauyin 19,1 ton, wanda ake kira MAZ-543. An tattara chassis na farko a ƙarƙashin wannan fihirisar a cikin adadin kwafi 6 a cikin 1962. A cikin duka, an samar da kwafi 1631 a cikin duk tarihin samarwa.

Da dama MAZ-543 chassis aka aika zuwa GDR sojojin. A can an sa musu kayan tanti na ƙarfe, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su duka don jigilar kayayyaki da kuma jigilar ma'aikata. Bugu da kari, MAZs an sanye su da tireloli masu ƙarfi, wanda ya sanya su taraktocin ballast masu ƙarfi. Waɗancan motocin da ba a yi amfani da su a matsayin tarakta an mayar da su zuwa wuraren bita na wayar hannu ko motocin dawo da su ba.

MAZ-543 an yi shi ne da farko don ɗaukar na'urorin makamai masu linzami na aiki-dabaru akan chassis ɗin sa. Na farko hadaddun, wanda aka sanya a kan MAZ-543 chassis, shi ne TEMP. Bayan haka, an ɗora sabon ƙaddamarwa na 543P9 akan chassis MAZ-117.

Har ila yau, a kan tushen MAZ-543 da wadannan hadaddun da tsarin da aka tattara:

• Rikicin makami mai linzami na bakin teku "Rubezh";
• Yaƙi wuraren bincike;
• Motar sojoji na musamman 9T35;
• tashoshin sadarwa;
• Tashar wutar lantarkin diesel masu cin gashin kansu.

Dangane da MAZ-543, an kuma shigar da wasu takamaiman kayan aiki.

Injin da akwatin gear

MAZ 543, wanda fasaha halaye ne kama da MAZ 537, shi ma yana da irin wannan engine, amma tare da kai tsaye allurar man fetur da kuma iska mai tsabta. Yana da tsarin V-Silinda goma sha biyu, na'ura mai sarrafa sauri a kowane yanayi, kuma injin dizal yana aiki dashi. Injin diesel ya dogara ne akan B2 da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tankuna a lokacin yakin. Girman 38,8 lita. Ikon injin - 525 hp.

Hanyoyin watsawa na hydromechanical da aka yi amfani da su a kan MAZ 543 yana sauƙaƙe tuki, yana ƙara ƙarfin hanya da ƙarfin injin. Ya ƙunshi sassa uku: ƙafafun huɗu, mai jujjuya juzu'i guda ɗaya, watsa atomatik mai sauri uku da tsarin sarrafawa.

Na'urar tana sanye da akwati na canja wurin inji, wanda ke da matakai biyu tare da bambancin tsakiya.

Gyaran faɗan wuta

Motocin kashe gobarar Aerodrome bisa samfurin 7310 an bambanta su da ingancin su da halayen halayen su, don haka har yanzu ana amfani da su.

AA-60

An ƙirƙira shi akan chassis MAZ-543, an ƙirƙiri motar kashe gobara a KB-8 a Priluki. Ana iya la'akari da fasalin fasalinsa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da damar 60 l / s. Ya shiga jerin abubuwan samarwa a cikin 1973 a masana'antar kayan aikin kashe gobara a cikin birnin Priluki.

Halaye na MAZ 7310 gyara AA-60:

1. manufa. Ana amfani da shi don kashe gobarar filin jirgin sama kai tsaye a kan jiragen sama da gine-gine, gine-gine. Saboda girmansa, irin wannan motar kuma ana amfani da ita don jigilar ma'aikata, da kuma kayan wuta na musamman da kayan aiki.
2. Ana iya ba da ruwa daga buɗaɗɗen maɓuɓɓugar ruwa (tafkunan ruwa), ta bututun ruwa ko daga rijiya. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kumfa aeromechanical daga na'urar busa ta ɓangare na uku ko kwandon ku.
3. Yanayin aiki. Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan yanayi ko yanayin zafi a kowane yanki na yanayi na ƙasar.
4. Babban halaye. An sanye shi da wakili mai kumfa tare da ƙarar lita 900, injin carburetor tare da ƙarfin 180 hp. Babban fasalin famfo shine cewa yana iya aiki a cikin sauri daban-daban.

An daidaita motar don aiki a kowane zafin jiki. Babban injin, famfo da tankuna a lokacin sanyi ana dumama su ta hanyar na'urar dumama wutar lantarki, wanda ke amfani da injin janareta. Idan akwai rashin nasara, dumama daga tsarin man fetur yana yiwuwa.

Ana iya sarrafa na'urar duba wuta da hannu ko daga taksi na direba. Har ila yau, akwai na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto a cikin adadin guda 2, waɗanda ake amfani da su don kashe gobara a cikin salon ko salon, da kuma a cikin wuraren da aka kulle.

gyare-gyare AA-60

Babban sigar injin kashe gobara ta AA-60 an inganta sau da yawa kuma an sami gyare-gyare guda uku:

1. AA-60 (543-160. Motar kashe gobara ta filin jirgin sama mai nauyi akan MAZ-543 chassis. Yana da halaye na fasaha kama da sigar asali, babban bambance-bambance shine ƙarar ƙarar tankin ruwa, wanda ƙarfinsa shine lita 11. An yi shi a iyakanceccen bugu.
2. AA-60 (7310) -160.01. Motocin kashe gobara don amfani a filin jirgin sama, an ƙirƙira kai tsaye bisa tushen MAZ 7310. Ruwan ruwa a nan shine lita 12, kuma an aiwatar da famfo mai cin gashin kansa. An yi shi tsawon shekaru 000, a cikin 4-1978.
3. AA-60(7313) -160.01A. Wani gyara na filin jirgin sama wuta engine, samar tun 1982.

A shekarar 1986, MAZ-7310 aka maye gurbinsu da magaji MAZ-7313, 21-ton truck, kazalika da modified version MAZ-73131 tare da kusan 23 ton, duk dogara a kan wannan MAZ-543.

AA-70

An kuma ɓullo da wannan gyara na motar kashe gobara a birnin Priluki a shekarar 1981 bisa tushen MAZ-73101 chassis. Wannan ingantaccen sigar AA-60 ne, babban bambance-bambancen su shine:

• ƙarin tankin ajiyar foda;
• raguwar samar da ruwa;
• high yi famfo.

Akwai tankuna 3 a cikin jiki: don foda tare da ƙarar 2200 l, don kumfa mai mai da hankali 900 l da ruwa 9500 l.

Baya ga kashe abubuwa a filin jirgin sama, ana iya amfani da na'urar don kashe tankuna tare da kayayyakin mai, tankuna masu tsayin tsayi har zuwa 6 m.

A yau ne ake gudanar da aikin na musamman na brigade MAZ 7310 da ke dauke da kayan yaki na kashe gobara a cikin jirgin a filayen saukar jiragen sama domin manufar sa a kasashe da dama na sararin samaniyar bayan Tarayyar Soviet. Irin waɗannan injunan ba wai kawai sun dace da yanayin yanayin yanayi na yankunan arewa ba, har ma suna biyan duk bukatun lissafi a cikin yaki da harshen wuta a kan jiragen sama da filin jiragen sama.

Matsakaici da injin layi ɗaya

Ko da kafin bayyanar gyare-gyare na farko, masu zanen kaya sun yi amfani da mafita daban-daban ga fasaha na asali, wanda ya haifar da fitowar ƙananan ƙananan bambance-bambancen.

• MAZ-543B - dauke da damar da aka ƙara zuwa 19,6 ton. Babban manufar ita ce sufuri na 9P117M launchers.
• MAZ-543V - magabata na karshe nasara gyare-gyare da gida canjawa wuri, elongated frame da wani ƙãra load iya aiki.
• MAZ-543P - an yi amfani da motar da aka sauƙaƙe don ɗaukar tirela, da kuma gudanar da motsa jiki don horar da direbobi masu mahimmanci. A lokuta da dama, an yi amfani da gyare-gyare a cikin tattalin arzikin kasa.
• MAZ-543D - daya kujera model tare da Multi-man diesel engine. Ba a inganta ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa ba saboda yana da wuyar aiwatarwa.
• MAZ-543T - an tsara samfurin don motsi mai dadi a cikin yankunan dutse.

Bayani na MAZ-543A

A shekarar 1963, an saki wani gwaji gyara na MAZ-543A chassis. An yi nufin wannan samfurin don shigar da SPU OTRK "Temp-S". MAZ-543A gyara fara samar a 1966, da kuma taro samar da aka kaddamar kawai a 1968.

Musamman don saukar da sabon tsarin makami mai linzami, tushen sabon samfurin ya ɗan ƙara kaɗan. Ko da yake a kallon farko babu bambance-bambance, a gaskiya ma, masu zanen kaya sun dan ƙara haɓaka gaban motar ta hanyar motsa cabs a gaba. Ta hanyar haɓaka gaban gaban da 93 mm, yana yiwuwa a tsawaita ɓangaren amfani na firam ɗin har zuwa mita 7.

Sabbin gyare-gyare na MAZ-543A an yi niyya da farko don shigar da ƙaddamarwar Temp-S da tsarin ƙaddamar da roka da yawa na Smerch akan sansanonin. Ya kamata a lura cewa duk da cewa an daɗe da cire masu ƙaddamar da Temp-S daga sabis tare da Sojojin Ground na Rasha, tsarin harba roka da yawa na Smerch har yanzu suna aiki tare da sojojin Rasha.

MAZ-543A gyara da aka samar har zuwa tsakiyar 2000s, a cikin duka game da 2600 chassis aka samar a tsawon shekaru. Bayan haka, an shigar da kayan aiki masu zuwa akan chassis MAZ-543A:

• Manyan motocin daukar kaya iri-iri;
• sakonnin umarni;
• Rukunin sadarwa;
• Tushen wutar lantarki;
• Taron karawa juna sani.

Baya ga abin da ke sama, an kuma shigar da wasu takamaiman kayan aikin soja bisa ga MAZ-543A.

Maz 543 - tarakta guguwa: bayani dalla-dalla, hoto

Da farko, an yi niyyar amfani da motar don shigar da tsarin makami mai linzami, amma daga baya a kan sabon tsarin yaƙi na MAZ-543 kuma an ƙirƙiri babban kewayon kayan taimako, wanda ya sa ya zama mafi girma da yaɗuwar abin hawa. sojojin Soviet.

Babban abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin wannan model ne babban iko, zane AMINCI, gina inganci da giciye-kasa ikon, adaptability zuwa ingantaccen aiki a kowane hanya yanayi da kuma climatic yankin, in mun gwada da low tsare nauyi, samu ta hanyar tartsatsi amfani da gami karfe, aluminum da fiberglass. babbar mota.

Articles / Kayan aikin soja Mota mai fuska dubu: sana'o'in soja na tarakta MAZ

A wani lokaci, a faretin soja, motocin MAZ-543 tare da sabbin nau'ikan makamai a zahiri kowace shekara sun gabatar da masu sa ido na kasashen waje da wani "mamaki" mai ban tsoro. Har zuwa kwanan nan, waɗannan injunan sun ci gaba da riƙe babban matsayi kuma har yanzu suna aiki tare da sojojin Rasha.

Zane na wani sabon ƙarni na hudu-axle nauyi-taƙawa motocin SKB-1 na Minsk Automobile Shuka karkashin jagorancin babban zanen Boris Lvovich Shaposhnik ya fara a farkon 1960s, da kuma samar da kungiyar na 543 iyali ya zama mai yiwuwa ne kawai tare da. Canja wurin samar da taraktoci na MAZ-537 zuwa tashar Kurgan. Don tara sababbin motoci a MAZ, an kafa wani bita na asirce, daga baya ya canza zuwa samar da tarakta na musamman, kuma SKB-1 ya zama Ofishin Babban Mai tsara No. 2 (UGK-2).

MAZ-543 iyali

Bisa ga general layout da aka kara tushe, MAZ-543 iyali ya kasance mai sauri da kuma maneuverable kai gyare-gyare na manyan motoci na MAZ-537G, samun kyautata raka'a, sabon cabs da wani gagarumin ƙãra frame tsawon. D525A-12A V525 diesel engine 12-horsepower, atomatik watsa tare da na zamani juzu'i Converter da kuma uku-gudun gearbox, sabon disc ƙafafun a kan wani torsion mashaya tare da daidaitacce matsa lamba a kan fadi da baki da ake kira riveted-welded live frame aka shigar a kan. chassis tare da ainihin dakatarwa.

Tushen 543 iyali shi ne tushe chassis MAZ-543, MAZ-543A da MAZ-543M tare da sabon fiberglass gefen cabs tare da baya gangara na gilashin, wanda ya zama wani irin "kira katin" na dukan model kewayon. Gidajen suna da zaɓi na dama da hagu, kuma ma'aikatan jirgin biyu sun kasance bisa ga ainihin tsarin tandem, a cikin kujeru ɗaya bayan ɗaya. An yi amfani da sararin da ke tsakanin su don shigar da radiyo da kuma saukar da gaban roka. Duk motoci suna da ƙafar ƙafa guda ɗaya na mita 7,7, lokacin da aka cika cikakke, sun haɓaka gudu akan babbar hanyar 60 km / h kuma sun cinye lita 80 na man fetur a kowace kilomita 100.

MAZ-543

Kakan 543 iyali ya kasance "haske" tushe chassis tare da iya aiki na 19,1 ton tare da sauki MAZ-543 index. Na farko shida prototypes aka tattara a cikin bazara na 1962 da kuma aika zuwa Volgograd shigar da makami mai linzami tsarin. Samar da motoci MAZ-543 fara a cikin kaka 1965. A gaban sashin injin ɗin, akwai ɗakuna biyu masu ƙofofi biyu keɓe da juna, waɗanda suka ƙayyadad da ɗan ƙaramin tsayin gaba (m2,5) da tsayin firam ɗin da ya wuce mita shida kawai. MAZ-543 motoci da aka harhada a cikin adadin 1631 kofe.

A cikin Rundunar Sojojin GDR, an ɗora su a kan maz-543 chassis, wanda ke mayar da su zuwa motocin dawo da wayar hannu ko taraktocin ballast.

A mataki na farko, babbar manufar wannan sigar ita ce ɗaukar na'urori masu amfani da makamai masu linzami na gwaji. Na farko daga cikin waɗannan shine tsarin ba'a na 9K71 Temp complex, wanda 9P117 mai ƙaddamar da kai (SPU) na sabon rukunin 9K72 ya biyo baya.

Samfurin farko na tsarin makami mai linzami na tekun Rubezh, tashar sadarwa ta rediyo, wuraren kula da yaki, kogin yaki na 9T35, na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki da dizal da sauransu.

MAZ-543A

A shekara ta 1963, samfurin farko na MAZ-543A chassis tare da nauyin nauyin 19,4 ton ya kasance nan da nan a karkashin shigar da SPU na Temp-S aiki-dabarun makami mai linzami (OTRK), kuma daga baya ya zama tushen ga sojojin soja. da manyan gine-gine. Ya fara samar da masana'antu a cikin 1966, kuma bayan shekaru biyu ya shiga cikin jerin abubuwan samarwa.

Babban bambanci tsakanin mota da MAZ-543 model shi ne sake tsarawa da undercarriage, imperceptible daga waje, saboda wani kadan gaba gudun hijira na biyu cabs. Wannan yana nufin ƙaramar haɓakawa a gaban overhang (mm 93 kawai) da ƙari na ɓangaren amfani na firam zuwa mita bakwai. Har zuwa tsakiyar 2000s, fiye da 2600 MAZ-543A chassis aka samar.

Babban kuma mafi tsanani manufar MAZ-543A shi ne sufuri na 9P120 OTRK Temp-S Launcher da kaya kai abin hawa (TZM), kazalika da TZM na Smerch mahara harba roka tsarin.

An fadada tsarin kayan aikin soja bisa wannan abin hawa: na'urorin sufuri da na'ura, cranes, ofisoshin umarni na wayar hannu, sadarwa da motocin kariya don tsarin makamai masu linzami, kayan aikin radar, tarurrukan bita, samar da wutar lantarki, da sauransu.

Gwaji da ƙananan motoci na iyali MAZ-543

A ƙarshen 1960s da farkon 1970s, dangin 543 sun haɗa da gyare-gyaren ƙananan ƙananan da yawa da gwaji. Na farko a cikin jerin haruffa sune samfurori guda biyu na chassis MAZ-543B, wanda aka gina akan tsarin MAZ-543 kuma an yi amfani da su don shigar da ingantacciyar 9P117M na 9K72 hadaddun.

Babban sabon abu shine samfurin MAZ-543V wanda ba a san shi ba tare da ƙira daban-daban da kuma ɗaukar nauyin 19,6 ton, wanda ya zama tushen tushen MAZ-543M daga baya. Ba kamar na magabata ba, a karon farko tana da wata mota mai hawa biyu mai son gaba, wacce ke gefen hagu kusa da sashin injin. Wannan tsari ya ba da damar yin amfani da mahimmancin tsawaita ɓangaren haɓakawa na firam don shigar da manyan kayan aiki. Chassis MAZ-543V aka harhada a cikin adadin 233 kofe.

Don aiwatar da ayyukan sufuri na baya a cikin sojojin Soviet da tattalin arzikin ƙasa a tsakiyar shekarun 1960, an haɓaka nau'ikan maƙasudin maƙasudi na MAZ-543P, wanda ya kasance a matsayin motocin horar da motocin ko taraktoci don ja da manyan bindigogi da manyan bindigogi. manyan tireloli.

Ƙananan sanannun samfurori waɗanda ba su sami ci gaba ba sun haɗa da MAZ-543D chassis tare da nau'in man fetur mai yawa na daidaitaccen injin dizal da kuma gwajin "na zafi" MAZ-543T don aiki a yankunan hamada mai tsaunuka.

MAZ-543M

A shekara ta 1976, shekaru biyu bayan halitta da gwajin samfurin, an haifi mafi nasara, ci gaba da kuma tattalin arziki chassis MAZ-543M, wanda nan da nan ya shiga samarwa da sabis, sa'an nan kuma ya jagoranci dukan iyalin 543. Sabuwar mota ta bambanta daga na farko biyu inji 543/543A saboda shigarwa na kawai hagu taksi, located kusa da engine daki da kuma canjawa zuwa gaban overhang na firam, wanda ya kai ta matsakaicin (2,8 m). A lokaci guda, duk raka'a da aka gyara ba su canza ba, kuma ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi ya karu zuwa ton 22,2.

Wasu gyare-gyare na wannan abin hawa sun haɗa da chassis na gwaji da yawa tare da dandali na gefen ƙarfe duka daga farar hula mai manufa biyu MAZ-7310.

MAZ-543M ya kasance mafi ƙarfi kuma na zamani tsarin makamai na cikin gida da yawa na musamman superstructures da van garke. An sanye shi da tsarin harba makamin roka da yawa na Smerch a duniya, masu jefar da tsarin makamin bakin teku na Bereg da tsarin makami mai linzami na Rubezh, bindigogin S-300 daban-daban, da dai sauransu.

Jerin hanyoyin taimako don samar da tsarin makami mai linzami na wayar hannu ya kasance mafi fa'ida: wuraren umarni ta hannu, ƙirar manufa, sadarwa, sabis na yaƙi, motocin tsaro da tsaro, bita masu cin gashin kansu da masana'antar wutar lantarki, wuraren cin abinci ta hannu da wuraren kwana don ma'aikatan jirgin, yaƙi da sauran su da yawa. .

Koli na samar da motoci MAZ-543 ya fadi a 1987. Har zuwa tsakiyar 2000s Minsk Automobile Shuka tara fiye da 4,5 dubu motoci na wannan jerin.

Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ta dakatar da samar da manyan motoci guda uku na MAZ-543, amma an ci gaba da hada su a cikin kananan batches tare da ba da umarnin sake cika rundunar motocin da aka dakatar, da kuma gwada sabbin na'urorin makamai masu ban sha'awa. A cikin duka, a cikin tsakiyar 2000s, fiye da 11 motoci na 543 jerin aka tattara a Minsk, wanda dauke da game da ɗari makamai tsarin da kayan aikin soja. Tun shekarar 1986, karkashin lasisi, kamfanin kasar Sin Wanshan yana harhada gyare-gyaren motoci na jerin MAZ-543 karkashin iri sunan WS-2400.

A shekarar 1990, a jajibirin rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, da 22-ton Multi-manufa samfur MAZ-7930 da aka halitta da Multi-man V12 engine da damar 500 hp da Multi-mataki watsa daga Yaroslavl Motor Shuka. , sabon gidan monoblock da babban jikin karfe mai gefe.

A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1991, rukunin soja na Minsk Automobile Plant ya janye daga babban kamfani kuma an rikitar da shi zuwa Cibiyar tarakta ta Minsk (MZKT) tare da wuraren samarwa da cibiyar bincike. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1994, an gwada samfurori, bayan shekaru hudu sun shiga cikin samarwa, kuma a watan Fabrairun 2003, a karkashin sunan MZKT-7930, an yarda da su don samar da sojojin Rasha, inda suke aiki don hawa sababbin makamai da manyan gine-gine. .

Har yanzu, tushen inji na iyali MAZ-543 ya kasance a cikin samar da shirin na MZKT kuma, idan ya cancanta, za a iya sake sa a kan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.

Daban-daban prototypes da kananan-sikelin motocin samar a kan tushen da MAZ-543

Tun lokacin da na'urorin zamani suka bayyana a farkon 70s, wanda ya bambanta a cikin girma girma, tambaya ta taso game da sababbin gyare-gyare na MAZ-543 chassis. Na farko gwajin ci gaba shi ne MAZ-543B, wanda aka tattara a cikin adadin 2 kofe. Sun yi aiki azaman chassis don shigar da haɓakar ƙaddamarwar 9P117M.

Tun da sababbin masu ƙaddamarwa na buƙatar dogon shasi, kwanan nan ya bayyana gyare-gyaren MAZ-543V, a kan abin da aka tsara MAZ-543M. An bambanta gyare-gyaren MAZ-543M ta hanyar kasancewar ɗakin zama guda ɗaya, wanda ya kasance mai mahimmanci a gaba. Irin wannan chassis yana ba da damar sanya manyan abubuwa ko kayan aiki akan tushe.

Don ayyukan sufuri daban-daban, duka a cikin sojoji da kuma a cikin tattalin arzikin ƙasa, an haɓaka ƙaramin gyare-gyare na MAZ-543P. Wannan injin yana da manufa biyu. An yi amfani da shi duka don jan tireloli da manyan bindigogi, da kuma motocin horar da su.

Hakanan an sami gyare-gyaren da ba a san su ba, waɗanda aka fitar a cikin kwafi ɗaya azaman samfuri. Wadannan sun hada da wani gyare-gyare na MAZ-543D, wanda yana da Multi-man dizal engine iya aiki a kan duka biyu dizal da kuma fetur. Abin baƙin ciki shine, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira, wannan injin bai taɓa shiga samar da yawa ba.

Har ila yau ban sha'awa shine samfurin MAZ-543T, abin da ake kira "Tropic". An tsara wannan gyara na musamman don yin aiki a wuraren tsaunuka da hamada.

Bayani dalla-dalla da kwatanta tare da analogues

Sojoji wheeled manyan motoci, kama cikin sharuddan yi halaye ga tarakta MAZ-537, kuma ya bayyana a kasashen waje. A Amurka, dangane da bukatun soji, Mack ya fara kera tarakta M123 da babbar mota kirar M125.

A Burtaniya, an yi amfani da Antar wajen jigilar motoci masu sulke da kuma a matsayin taraktan ballast."

Duba kuma: MMZ - tirela don mota: fasali, canji, gyarawa

MAZ-537	Saukewa: M123	Anthar Thorneycroft
Nauyi, ton	21,6	14	ashirin
Tsawon mita	8,9	7.1	8.4
Nisa, m	2,8	2,9	2,8
Ikon injin, h.p.	525	297	260
Matsakaicin sauri, km / h	55	68	Hudu biyar
Tanadin wutar lantarki, km	650	483	North Dakota.

Tarakta na Amurka inji ne na ƙirar al'ada, wanda aka ƙirƙira akan na'urorin mota. Da farko, an sanye shi da injin carburetor, kuma a cikin shekarun 60s kawai an sake gyara manyan motocin ta hanyar shigar da injin dizal 300 hp. A cikin 1970s, an maye gurbinsu da M911 a matsayin motar tanka na sojojin Amurka. Antar na Biritaniya ya yi amfani da injin jirgin sama mai “sauƙaƙe” guda takwas a matsayin injin, wanda rashin ƙarfinsa ya riga ya bayyana a ƙarshen shekarun 1950.

Daga baya samfura masu ƙarfin diesel sun ƙara saurin gudu (har zuwa 56 km/h) kuma suna ɗaukar kaya kaɗan, amma har yanzu basu sami nasara ba. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa, an yi amfani da Antar ne a matsayin mota don ayyukan rijiyoyin mai, ba don aikin soja ba.

MAZ-537 aka bambanta da wani zane saba musamman don amfani a cikin sojojin, high giciye ikon ( "Antar" ba ko da gaban drive axle) da kuma babban gefe na aminci.

Misali, M123, wanda kuma aka kera shi don jigilar kaya masu nauyi daga ton 50 zuwa 60, yana da injin mota (ba tanka ba) mai karamin karfi. Har ila yau, abin mamaki shi ne kasancewar iskar ruwa ta ruwa a kan tarakta na Soviet.

MAZ-537 ya nuna mafi girman yuwuwar masu zane-zane na Minsk Automobile Plant, waɗanda suka gudanar a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ba kawai don haɓaka motar ƙirar asali ba (MAZ-535), amma kuma don haɓaka ta cikin sauri. Kuma, ko da yake a cikin Minsk da sauri canza zuwa samar da "Hurricane", ci gaba da samar da MAZ-537 a Kurgan tabbatar da high halaye, da kuma mota KZKT-7428 ya zama cancanta magaji, tabbatar da cewa m na zane. har yanzu ba a bayyana gaba ba tukuna cikakke.

Bayani na MAZ-543M

A shekarar 1976, akwai wani sabon kuma mafi rare gyara na MAZ-543. Samfurin, mai suna MAZ-543M, an gwada shi tsawon shekaru 2. An saka wannan na'ura ta aiki nan da nan bayan fitowar ta. Wannan gyare-gyare ya zama mafi nasara na iyali MAZ-543. Firam ɗinsa ya zama mafi tsayi a cikin aji, kuma ƙarfin ɗaukar abin hawa ya ƙaru zuwa ton 22,2. Abu mafi ban sha'awa a cikin wannan samfurin shi ne cewa duk aka gyara da majalisai sun kasance daidai da nodes na sauran model na iyali MAZ-543.

Mafi iko Soviet harba bindigogi, anti-jirgin sama bindigogi da kuma daban-daban manyan bindigogi da aka shigar a kan chassis MAZ-543M. Bugu da kari, an shigar da add-ons na musamman akan wannan chassis. A cikin dukan tsawon lokacin samar da gyaran MAZ-543M, an samar da fiye da motoci 4500.

Babban sha'awa shine jerin takamaiman hanyoyin tallafi waɗanda aka sanya akan chassis MAZ-543M:

• An tsara dakunan kwanan dalibai na wayar hannu don mutane 24. Wadannan rukunin gidaje suna da tsarin samun iska, microclimate, samar da ruwa, sadarwa, microclimate da dumama;
• Kantin sayar da wayar hannu don ma'aikatan yaƙi.

An yi amfani da waɗannan motoci a wurare masu nisa na USSR, inda babu ƙauyuka kuma babu inda za a zauna.

Bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, an daina yawan kera motoci na MAZ-543 na dukkan gyare-gyaren guda uku. An samar da su sosai don yin oda a cikin ƙananan batches har zuwa tsakiyar 2000s.

A shekarar 1986, an sayar da lasisin hada MAZ-543 ga kamfanin Wanshan na kasar Sin, wanda har yanzu ke samar da su.

MAZ 537: farashin, bayani dalla-dalla, hotuna, sake dubawa, dillalai MAZ 537

Takardar bayanai:MAZ537

Shekarar samarwa	1959 g
Tsarin mulki	Tractor
Length, mm	8960
Width, mm	2885
Height, mm	2880
Yawan kofofin	два
Yawan kujerun	4
Volumearar gangar jikin, l	-
Gina ƙasa	USSR

Canje-canje a cikin MAZ 537

MAZ 537 38.9

Matsakaicin sauri, km / h	55
Lokacin hanzari zuwa 100 km / h, sec	-
Mota	Diesel engine
Ƙarar aiki, cm3	38880
Iko, doki / juyin juya hali	525/2100
Lokacin, Nm/rev	2200 / 1100-1400
Amfani a kan babbar hanya, l da 100 km	-
Amfani a cikin birni, l da 100 km	-
Haɗin amfani, l a kowace kilomita 100	125,0
Nau'in watsawa	Atomatik, 3 gears
Fitar	Cikakke
Nuna duk fasali

Motocin kashe gobara MAZ-543 "Hurricane"

Motocin wuta MAZ-543 "Hurricane" an tsara su musamman don sabis a filayen jirgin saman Soviet. Yawancin inji na wannan jerin suna aiki a filin jirgin sama na CIS. Ma'aikatan kashe gobara MAZ-543 suna da tankin ruwa na lita 12. Akwai kuma tankin kumfa na lita 000. Irin waɗannan abubuwan sun sa waɗannan motocin tallafi ba su da mahimmanci idan aka sami gobara kwatsam a filin jirgin sama. Abin da kawai ya rage shi ne yawan amfani da mai, wanda ya kai lita 900 a cikin kilomita 100.

A halin yanzu, a hankali maye gurbin motoci na iyali MAZ-543 da sababbin motoci MZKT-7930, ko da yake wannan tsari yana da jinkirin. Daruruwan MAZ-543 sun ci gaba da aiki a cikin sojojin Rasha da CIS.

Manyan gyare-gyare

A yau akwai manyan samfura guda biyu da ƙananan nau'ikan sikelin da yawa.

MAZ 543 A

A shekarar 1963, an gabatar da na farko ingantacciyar sigar MAZ 543A, tare da wani dan kadan mafi girma iya aiki na 19,4 ton. A kadan daga baya, wato, tun 1966, aka fara samar daban-daban iri-iri na kayan aikin soja bisa ga gyare-gyare A (hotel).

Don haka, babu bambance-bambance da yawa daga ƙirar tushe. Abu na farko da za ku lura shi ne cewa tasoshin sun yi gaba. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a ƙara amfani da tsawon firam zuwa 7000 mm.

Dole ne in ce samar da wannan sigar ya kasance mai girma kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon 2000s, a cikin duka ba fiye da sassan 2500 da aka birgima daga layin taro.

Ainihin, motocin sun kasance masu ɗaukar makamai masu linzami don jigilar makamai masu linzami da kowane nau'in kayan aiki. Gabaɗaya, chassis ɗin ya kasance na duniya kuma an yi niyya don shigar da nau'ikan manyan abubuwa daban-daban.

MAZ 543 M

Ma'anar zinare na duka layin 543, mafi kyawun gyara, an ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1974. Ba kamar waɗanda suka gabace ta ba, wannan motar tana da taksi ne kawai a gefen hagu. Ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi ya kasance mafi girma, ya kai kilogiram 22 ba tare da la'akari da nauyin motar kanta ba.

Gabaɗaya, ba a sami manyan canje-canjen tsarin ba. A kan MAZ 543 M, an samar da mafi girma makamai da kuma kowane irin ƙarin superstructures da aka halitta. Waɗannan su ne SZO "Smerch", S-300 tsarin tsaro na iska, da dai sauransu.

A duk tsawon lokacin, shuka ya samar da akalla 4,5 dubu guda na jerin M. Tare da rushewar USSR, an dakatar da samar da taro. Abin da ya rage shi ne samar da kananan rukunin da jihar ta kaddamar. A shekara ta 2005, jimlar 11 dubu iri-iri iri-iri dangane da iyali 543 sun tashi daga layin taron.

A kan shasi na soja truck tare da duk-karfe jiki MAZ 7930 da aka ɓullo da a cikin 90s, a kan abin da mafi iko engine (500 hp). The saki a cikin taro samar da version, da ake kira MZKT 7930, bai tsaya ko da gaskiyar rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet. Ana ci gaba da sakin har yau.