Mai CBD da tsantsar hemp

Kwanan nan, shahararrun shirye-shiryen cannabis ya karu sosai. Ƙungiyar da tabar wiwi na iya ba da gudummawa a wani ɓangare ga wannan yanayin. Koyaya, abubuwan da ake samu na hemp na doka da mai CBD ba iri ɗaya bane da marijuana saboda basu ƙunshi THC mai sa maye ba. A cikin wannan rubutu, za mu amsa tambayoyi masu zuwa: menene hemp, menene mai CBD, ta yaya ake samun su, menene aka sani game da tasirin su akan jikin ɗan adam?

Dr. N. Pharm. Maria Kaspshak

Lura: Wannan rubutun don dalilai ne na bayanai, ba hanyar magani ba ne, ba kuma ba zai iya maye gurbin shawarwarin mutum da likita ba!

Hemp tsiro ne da aka noma shi shekaru aru-aru

Hemp, ko Cannabis sativa, shuka ce da ake nomawa a duk faɗin duniya. Kamar kowane amfanin gona, akwai nau'o'in nau'ikan nau'ikan cannabis da yawa, kowannensu yana da nasa halaye na musamman. An noma hemp shekaru aru-aru don zaruruwar sa, ana amfani da shi don yin igiya, igiya da ja, da kuma yadudduka (saboda haka nau'ikan hemp). An fitar da man hemp daga tsaba, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don abinci da dalilai na masana'antu - alal misali, don samar da fenti da varnishes. Dangane da haka, hemp yana da irin wannan amfani ga flax (wanda kuma ake noma shi don fiber da iri mai mai), kuma kafin a shigar da auduga zuwa Turai, flax da hemp sune tushen filaye na shuka don sutura da sauran kayayyaki. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, kafin yaduwar noman rapeseed a Poland, shi ne man hemp, kusa da man linseed kuma, wanda ba a saba ba, man fetur na poppy, shi ne mafi shahararren man kayan lambu a cikin karkarar Poland. Cin man kayan lambu ya shahara musamman a lokacin zuwa da azumi, lokacin da kitsen dabbobi ake azumi ba a sha.

Hemp, hemp, marijuana - menene bambanci?

A halin yanzu, hemp yana da sha'awa a matsayin tsire-tsire na magani. Musamman mahimmanci a wannan batun shine inflorescences na mata, masu wadatar abubuwa masu aiki da ilimin halitta, galibi cannabinoids (ko: cannabinoids) da terpenes. Abubuwan da ke da alhakin tasirin narcotic na cannabis shine delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), wanda shine abu mai maye wanda ke haifar da jin daɗi, shakatawa, canje-canje a cikin fahimtar gaskiyar, da dai sauransu. fiye da 0,2% THC dangane da busassun nauyi, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin magani a Poland, kuma siyarwa da amfani da su ba bisa ƙa'ida bane.

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. Indica, cannabis) yana da babban taro na THC. Ire-iren cannabis da ke ɗauke da ƙananan matakan THC ana rarraba su azaman hemp na masana'antu (Cannabis sativa, hemp), ba su da kayan maye, kuma ba a hana noman su da siyarwa ba. Ko cannabis da masana'antu na Cannabis iri iri ne iri iri iri iri, ko nau'in nau'ikan mai amfani, amma don matsakaicin mai amfani, rarrabuwar mai amfani ba mafi mahimmanci ba.

Cannabinoids da terpenes sune phytochemicals da ake samu a cikin cannabis

Cannabis sativa yana ƙunshe da adadin THC, amma akwai wasu mahadi waɗanda aka rarraba su azaman cannabinoids (ko cannabinoids), gami da CBD - cannabidiol (cannabidiol) da terpenes, i.e. abubuwan da aka samo a cikin tsire-tsire masu yawa tare da siffa, ƙanshi mai daɗi. CBD ba shi da kayan maye ga ɗan adam kuma baya jaraba. Cannabinoid da terpenes na cannabis sun fi mayar da hankali a cikin gashin glandular da ke girma a kan inflorescences na mace. Sirrin su, da resin hemp da ke ɗauke da waɗannan mahadi, suna da ɗanko sosai kuma suna iya kare shuka daga bushewa da haɓakar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta idan sun lalace.

Terpenes irin su pinenes, terpineol, limonene, linalool, myrcene (da sauran su) sune mahadi ba kawai a cikin tabar wiwi ba, har ma a wasu tsire-tsire masu yawa, musamman waɗanda ke da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi. Sune sinadarai a cikin mai da turare masu mahimmanci na halitta da yawa, da kuma kamshin da ake sakawa kayan kwalliya. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da abubuwan kashe kwayoyin cuta masu daidaita narkewar narkewar abinci da fitar bile (misali, alpha da beta pinene). Duk da haka, suna iya haifar da allergies, don haka masu fama da rashin lafiyar ya kamata su yi amfani da su da hankali.

Hanyoyin warkewa na cannabinoids - kwayoyi dauke da THC da CBD

Cannabinoids suna aiki akan jikin mutum ta hanyar abin da ake kira masu karɓa na cannabinoid, wanda aka samo musamman a cikin tsarin juyayi da kuma cikin sel na tsarin rigakafi. Waɗannan masu karɓa suna cikin ɗayan “hanyoyin sadarwa da tsari” a cikin jiki, kamar masu karɓar opioid da sauransu. Tsarin endocannabinoid a cikin jiki yana daidaita yawan ayyuka na ilimin lissafin jiki, irin su yanayi da ci, da kuma amsawar rigakafi, kuma yana rinjayar tsarin endocrin. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) yana rinjayar masu karɓa a cikin kwakwalwa sosai, yana haifar da, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, jin maye. Cannabidiol (CBD) ya bayyana yana da ɗan tasiri akan masu karɓar cannabinoid, amma kuma akan wasu, kamar histamine. Wataƙila kuma yana canza tasirin THC.

 Anabinoids sun sami aikace-aikacen su a cikin magani. Wani magani mai ɗauke da THC roba, dronabinol, FDA ta Amurka ta amince da shi don sauƙaƙa amai da haɓaka sha'awar cutar kanjamau da masu cutar kansa. Sativex dauke da THC da CBD yana samuwa a Poland kuma an nuna shi don jin daɗin spasticity (magudanar ƙwayar tsoka) a cikin marasa lafiya tare da sclerosis da yawa. Epidiolex sabon tsari ne da aka amince da shi wanda ke dauke da tsantsar CBD a cikin man sesame, wanda aka nuna don maganin wasu nau'ikan farfadiya a cikin yara - ciwo na Dravet da ciwo na Lennox-Gastaut. Har yanzu ba a samu a Poland ba.

Mai hemp da mai CBD - menene suka ƙunshi kuma ta yaya ake samun su?

Hemp mai asali ne mai daga tsaba na hemp. Su samfuri ne mai mahimmanci na abinci, suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi kuma suna ɗauke da mahimman fatty acid omega-3 da omega-6 a cikin rabo mai kyau. A daya hannun, CBD mai yawanci shuka mai (hemp ko wasu) tare da Bugu da kari na wani tsantsa (tsanye) daga koren sassa na hemp shuka - ganye ko furanni. Kuma – saboda maida hankalinsu – ɗanɗanon su ba lallai ba ne.

Daya daga cikin manyan sinadaran wannan tsantsa shine cannabidiol (CBD), don haka sunan wadannan kwayoyi. Duk da haka, cirewar hemp kuma ya ƙunshi wasu abubuwan shuka (ko phytochemicals, daga Girkanci "phyton" - shuka), watau sauran cannabinoids, terpenes da sauran abubuwa masu yawa, dangane da nau'in hemp da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma hanyar cirewa, watau. cire. Wani lokaci masana'antun suna rubuta "cikakken bakan" akan lakabin don nuna cewa an yi amfani da cikakken tsantsa tabar wiwi. Ana iya amfani da kaushi na halitta don cirewa, watau "wankewa" da kuma tattara abubuwan da ke da sha'awa daga kayan shuka, tun da cannabinoids da sauran phytochemicals ba sa narke cikin ruwa. Wannan hanya tana da nasa kurakurai - ragowar sauran ƙarfi na iya gurɓata samfurin da aka gama, kuma dole ne a zubar da ragowar su yadda ya kamata. Abin da ya sa abin da ake kira supercritical CO2 hakar. Wannan yana nufin amfani da ruwa carbon dioxide a matsayin kaushi a karkashin matsa lamba mai yawa, watau. a cikin abin da ake kira supercritical yanayi.

 Wannan ma'ana ce mai rikitarwa a fagen ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na jihohin zahiri, amma abin da ke da mahimmanci a gare mu shine ruwa carbon dioxide yana narkar da abubuwan da ba sa narkewa cikin ruwa, ba mai guba bane kuma, a cikin yanayin al'ada, yana ƙafe cikin sauƙi ba tare da barin ƙazanta ba. . Don haka, wannan haɓakar CO2 mai ma'ana shine hanya mai "tsabta" da ake amfani da ita a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna da abinci.

Wani lokaci zaku iya karanta game da mai na CBD cewa suna "decarboxylated." Me ake nufi? To, yawancin cannabinoids ana samar da su ta hanyar tsire-tsire a cikin nau'i na acidic. Bari mu tunatar da ku daga makaranta cewa rukuni na kwayoyin acid shine ƙungiyar carboxyl, ko -COOH. Dumama busassun 'ya'yan itace ko tsantsa ya rabu da wannan rukunin daga kwayoyin cannabinoid kuma ya sake shi azaman carbon dioxide - CO2. Wannan tsari ne na decarboxylation ta hanyar da cannabidiol (CBD), alal misali, za a iya samu daga cannabidiolic acid (CBDA).

Shin mai CBD yana da tasirin warkarwa?

Shin tsantsar hemp, shirye-shiryen ganye ko mai CBD iri ɗaya ne da shirye-shiryen da aka jera, kamar Epidiolex mai ɗauke da CBD? A'a, ba ɗaya ba ne. Na farko, ba su ƙunshi THC ba. Abu na biyu, Epidiolex ya ƙunshi cannabidiol mai tsabta wanda aka narkar da shi a cikin mai, wanda aka gwada don takamaiman allurai. Mai CBD ya ƙunshi duka hadaddiyar giyar na mahaɗan cannabis iri-iri. Ba a san yadda kasancewar sauran phytochemicals ke canza tasirin cannabidiol a jiki ba. Man CBD na kamfani ɗaya na iya samun nau'ikan daban-daban fiye da na wani, saboda suna iya amfani da nau'ikan hemp daban-daban, hanyoyin samarwa, da sarrafa inganci. Bugu da ƙari, wasu nazarin akan kari na abinci mai ɗauke da mai na CBD sun nuna cewa ainihin abun ciki na cannabidiol da sauran kayan aikin na iya bambanta da waɗanda masana'anta suka bayyana, tun da ƙarin sarrafa kayan aikin ba shi da ƙarfi kamar sarrafa sarrafa magunguna. . Har ila yau, babu isassun gwaje-gwaje na asibiti har yanzu don tabbatar da kaddarorin warkarwa na mai CBD don wasu cututtuka, don haka kuma babu ƙayyadaddun allurai waɗanda zasu iya haifar da wasu sakamako.

Saboda waɗannan dalilai, ba za a iya ɗaukar mai na CBD a matsayin magani ba kuma ba gaskiya ba ne cewa, alal misali, Epidiolex daidai yake da mai na CBD. Hakazalika, haushin willow baya ɗaya da aspirin. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa mai na CBD ba ya shafar jiki kuma baya canza alamun cutar - akwai ɗan ƙaramin abin dogaro, ingantaccen bayani akan wannan batun.

Yadda ake amfani da mai na CBD lafiya?

Duk da rashin shaidar asibiti game da tasirin warkewar mai na CBD, ana samun su a kasuwa kuma suna ƙara shahara. Ba a sayar da su azaman kwayoyi, amma mutane da yawa suna son gwada su. Idan kun zaɓi yin amfani da mai na CBD, akwai wasu mahimman dokoki don tunawa.

• Da farko, nemi mafi ingancin mai CBD daga amintattun masana'antun. Tambayi game da matsayin rijistar samfur, takaddun tantance abun ciki, wanda zai fi dacewa da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ɓangare na uku suka yi.
• Na biyu, bincika likitan ku, musamman idan kuna shan magani. Cannabidiol da phytochemicals na iya yin hulɗa tare da kwayoyi don rage ko haɓaka tasirin su ko haifar da sakamako mai guba. Akwai tsire-tsire da ganyaye da yawa waɗanda ke yin mummunan tasiri ga magunguna da yawa (kamar su St. John's wort ko grapefruit), don haka "na halitta" ba lallai ba ne yana nufin "aminci a kowane yanayi."
• Bincika tare da mai ba da lafiyar ku don ganin ko shan mai na CBD zai iya taimakawa. A cikin littafin tarihin za ku sami hanyoyin da za su taimake ku yanke shawara.
• Ƙayyade adadin ko hidimar mai da kuke ɗauka tare da likitan ku, musamman idan kuna son tallafawa kula da cututtuka na yau da kullun ko kuna shan wasu magunguna. Lokacin ƙayyade adadin man da kuke ɗauka, tuna cewa akwai mai tare da matakan daban-daban da yawa na CBD, zaɓi takamaiman shiri.
• Sai dai idan likitanku ya gaya muku akasin haka, kada ku wuce adadin da masana'anta suka ba da shawarar.
• Ku sani cewa cannabidiol da sauran phytochemicals suma suna iya yin illa ga jiki, musamman a yawan allurai ko kuma lokacin amfani da su na dogon lokaci. Suna iya zama, a cikin wasu abubuwa, barci, gajiya, tashin zuciya, matsalolin hanta ko koda. Wataƙila akwai wasu ayyukan da ba mu san su ba saboda ƙarancin bincike a wannan yanki. Kalli martanin ku!
• Kada ku yi amfani da mai na CBD idan kuna da hanta ko matsalolin koda, ko kuma idan kuna da ciki ko shayarwa. Koyaushe tuntuɓi likitan ku idan akwai shakka!
• Kada ku taɓa yin watsi da takardar sayan likitan ku don neman "warkar da kai" mai CBD! Musamman idan kuna rashin lafiya mai tsanani, kamar ciwon daji, ciwon jijiya ko tabin hankali, bai kamata ku yi haka ba. Kuna iya cutar da kanku da yawa.

Bibliography

1. CANNABIDIOL (CBD), Rahoton Binciken Mahimmanci, Kwamitin Kwararru akan Dogaro da Magunguna, Taron Arba'in, Geneva, 4-7 Yuni 2018 https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/CannabidiolCriticalReview.pdf (dostęp 04.01.2021)
2. Jaridar Dokokin 2005 No. 179, Art. 1485, Dokar AWA ta Yuli 29, 2005 don magance jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi. Hanyoyin haɗi zuwa doka da sauran ayyukan doka: https://www.kbpn.gov.pl/portal?id=108828 (ranar shiga: 04.01.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX)
3. Bayani game da Sativex: https://www.mp.pl/pacjent/leki/lek/88409,Sativex-aerozol-do-stosowania-w-jamie-ustnej (An shiga: 04.01.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX)
4. Bayani game da Epidiolex (a Turanci): https://www.epidiolex.com (An shiga: 001.2021)
5. Bayanan lacca: VanDolah HJ, Bauer BA, Mauck KF. "Jagorancin Likita ga Cannabidiol da Mai Hemp". Mayo Clean Proc. 2019 Satumba; 94 (9): 1840-1851 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.003. Laraba, Agusta 2019, 22. Saukewa: 31447137 https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0025-6196%2819%2930007-2 (dostęp 04.01.2021)
6. Arkadiusz Kazula "Amfani da cannabinoids na halitta da endocannabinoids a cikin farfadowa", Postępy Farmakoterapii 65 (2) 2009, 147-160

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