Alamar Piston
Abubuwa
Alamar Piston yana ba ku damar yin hukunci ba kawai girman su na geometric ba, har ma da kayan ƙira, fasahar samarwa, izinin hawa da aka halatta, alamar kasuwancin masana'anta, jagorar shigarwa, da ƙari mai yawa. Saboda ana siyar da fistan na cikin gida da na waje, masu motoci a wasu lokuta suna fuskantar matsalar tantance wasu nadi. Wannan kayan yana ƙunshe da iyakar bayanin da ke ba ka damar samun bayanai game da alamomi akan fistan kuma gano abin da lambobi, haruffa da kiban ke nufi.
1 - Alamar kasuwanci wanda a ƙarƙashinsa aka saki piston. 2 - Serial lambar samfurin. 3 - Ana ƙara diamita ta 0,5 mm, wato, a cikin wannan yanayin piston mai gyara ne. 4 - Darajar diamita na waje na piston, a mm. 5 - Darajar tazarar thermal. A wannan yanayin, yana daidai da 0,05 mm. 6 - Kibiya mai nuna alkiblar shigar da fistan a hanyar motsin abin hawa. 7 - Bayanan fasaha na masana'anta (an buƙata lokacin sarrafa injunan konewa na ciki).
Bayani akan saman piston
Tattaunawa game da abin da alamomi akan pistons ke nufi yakamata su fara da menene bayanin da masana'anta ke sanyawa akan samfurin gabaɗaya.
- Girman fistan. A wasu lokuta, a cikin alamomin da ke ƙasan fistan, zaku iya samun lambobi masu nuna girmansa, waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin ɗaruruwan millimita. Misali shine 83.93. Wannan bayanin yana nufin cewa diamita bai wuce ƙimar da aka ƙayyade ba, la'akari da haƙuri (za'a tattauna ƙungiyoyin haƙuri a ƙasa, sun bambanta ga nau'ikan motoci daban-daban). Ana yin ma'aunin a zazzabi na +20 ° C.
- Tushen hawa. Wani sunansa shine zafin jiki (tunda zai iya canzawa tare da canji a cikin tsarin zafin jiki a cikin injin konewa na ciki). Yana da nadi - Sp. Ana ba da shi a cikin ƙananan lambobi, ma'ana millimeters. Alal misali, ƙaddamar da alamar a kan piston SP0.03 yana nuna cewa izinin a cikin wannan yanayin ya kamata ya zama 0,03 mm, la'akari da filin haƙuri.
- Alamar kasuwanci. Ko alama. Masu sana'a ba wai kawai sun gano kansu ta wannan hanya ba, amma kuma suna ba da bayani ga masters game da wanda ya kamata a yi amfani da takardun (kasidar samfurin) lokacin zabar sabon piston.
- Hanyar shigarwa. Wannan bayanin yana amsa tambayar - menene kibiya akan fistan ke nunawa? Ta "magana" yadda za a saka fistan, wato, an zana kibiya a kan hanyar mota ta gaba. A kan injinan da injin konewa na ciki ya kasance a baya, maimakon kibiya, ana nuna alamar crankshaft tare da tashi sama.
- Lambar jefawa. Waɗannan lambobi ne da haruffa waɗanda ke nuna ƙira-ƙira ga ma'aunin geometric na fistan. Yawanci, ana iya samun irin waɗannan ƙididdiga akan injinan Turai waɗanda kamfanoni ke kera abubuwan rukunin piston kamar MAHLE, Kolbenschmidt, AE, Nural da sauransu. A cikin gaskiya, ya kamata a lura cewa yanzu ana amfani da simintin gyare-gyare kaɗan da ƙasa. Duk da haka, idan kuna buƙatar gano fistan daga wannan bayanin, to kuna buƙatar amfani da takarda ko kundin lantarki na takamaiman masana'anta.
Baya ga waɗannan zayyana, akwai kuma wasu, kuma suna iya bambanta daga masana'anta zuwa masana'anta.
Ina alamar fistan take?
Yawancin masu ababen hawa suna sha'awar amsar tambayar inda alamun piston suke. Ya dogara da yanayi biyu - ma'auni na wani masana'anta da wannan ko wannan bayanin game da fistan. Don haka, an buga babban bayanin a gefensa na ƙasa ("gaban"), a kan cibiya a cikin yankin rami don fil ɗin piston, a kan maigidan nauyi.
VAZ piston alama
A cewar kididdigar, alamar gyaran pistons yawanci suna sha'awar masu mallakar ko masters a cikin gyaran injunan konewa na motocin VAZ. za mu ba da bayanai kan pistons daban-daban.
VAZ 2110
Alal misali, bari mu dauki ciki konewa engine Vaz-2110 mota. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da pistons masu alamar 1004015 a cikin wannan samfurin. An ƙera samfurin daidai a AvtoVAZ OJSC. Takaitaccen bayanin fasaha:
- diamita na piston mara kyau - 82,0 mm;
- diamita na piston bayan gyaran farko - 82,4 mm;
- piston diamita bayan gyara na biyu - 82,8 mm;
- tsayin fistan - 65,9;
- matsa lamba tsawo - 37,9 mm;
- Shawarar da aka ba da shawarar a cikin silinda shine 0,025 ... 0,045 mm.
a jikin piston ne za a iya amfani da ƙarin bayani. Misali:
- "21" da "10" a cikin yanki na rami don yatsa - nadi na samfurin samfurin (wasu zažužžukan - "213" ya nuna ciki konewa engine VAZ 21213, da kuma misali, "23" - VAZ 2123;
- "VAZ" a kan siket a ciki - nadi na manufacturer;
- haruffa da lambobi a kan siket a ciki - ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin ganowa (ana iya yankewa ta amfani da takaddun masana'anta, amma a mafi yawan lokuta wannan bayanin ba shi da amfani);
- "AL34" a kan siket a ciki - nadi na simintin alloy.
Babban alamun alamar da aka yi amfani da kambin piston:
- Kibiya alama ce ta daidaitawa wacce ke nuna alkiblar tuƙin camshaft. A kan abin da ake kira "classic" VAZ model, wani lokacin maimakon kibiya za ka iya samun harafin "P", wanda ke nufin "kafin". Hakazalika, gefen da aka nuna harafin dole ne a karkatar da shi zuwa inda motar ke tafiya.
- Ɗaya daga cikin haruffa masu zuwa shine A, B, C, D, E. Waɗannan alamomin ajin diamita ne waɗanda ke nuna karkatacciyar ƙimar OD. A ƙasa akwai tebur mai takamaiman ƙima.
- Alamar ƙungiyar Piston taro. "G" - nauyin al'ada, "+" - nauyi ya karu da gram 5, "-" - nauyi ya rage ta 5 grams.
- Ɗayan lambobi shine 1, 2, 3. Wannan shine alamar ajin piston pin bore kuma yana bayyana sabani a cikin diamita na fistan fil. Baya ga wannan, akwai lambar launi don wannan siga. Don haka, ana amfani da fenti a cikin ƙasa. Launi shuɗi - aji na 1, koren launi - aji na biyu, launin ja - aji na uku. an bayar da ƙarin bayani.
Har ila yau, akwai nau'i biyu daban-daban don gyaran pistons VAZ:
- triangle - na farko gyara (ana ƙara diamita da 0,4 mm daga maras muhimmanci size);
- murabba'i - gyare-gyare na biyu (diamita ya karu da 0,8 mm daga girman ƙima).
Lura cewa don nau'ikan motoci daban-daban (ciki har da na ICE daban-daban), dole ne a duba ƙimar bambancin pistons ɗin a cikin bayanan tunani.
VAZ 21083
Wani mashahurin fistan "VAZ" shine 21083-1004015. Shi ne kuma samar da AvtoVAZ. Girman fasaha da sigoginsa:
- ƙananan diamita - 82 mm;
- diamita bayan gyaran farko - 82,4 mm;
- diamita bayan gyara na biyu - 82,8 mm;
- Piston fil diamita - 22 mm.
Yana yana da guda nadi kamar Vaz 2110-1004015. Bari mu ɗan ƙara ɗan ƙara a kan aji na fistan gwargwadon diamita na waje da ajin rami don fil ɗin fistan. An taƙaita bayanan da suka dace a cikin allunan.
Diamita na waje:
| Ajin fistan ta diamita na waje | A | B | C | D | E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diamita Piston 82,0 (mm) | 81,965-81,975 | 81,975-81,985 | 81,985-81,995 | 81,995-82,005 | 82,005-82,015 |
| Diamita Piston 82,4 (mm) | 82,365-82,375 | 82,375-82,385 | 82,385-82,395 | 82,395-82,405 | 82,405-82,415 |
| Diamita Piston 82,8 (mm) | 82,765-82,775 | 82,775-82,785 | 82,785-82,795 | 82,795-82,805 | 82,805-82,815 |
Abin sha'awa, nau'in piston VAZ 11194 da VAZ 21126 suna samuwa ne kawai a cikin nau'i uku - A, B da C. A wannan yanayin, girman matakin ya dace da 0,01 mm.
Tebur masu dacewa na samfuran piston da samfuran ICE (alamomi) na motocin VAZ.
| Model ICE VAZ | samfurin piston | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2101 | 21011 | 2105 | 21213 | 2123 | 2108 | 21083 | 2110 | 2112 | 21124 | 21126 | 21128 | 11194 | |
| 2101 | |||||||||||||
| 21011 | |||||||||||||
| 2103 | |||||||||||||
| 2104 | |||||||||||||
| 2105 | |||||||||||||
| 2106 | |||||||||||||
| 21073 | |||||||||||||
| 2121 | |||||||||||||
| 21213 | |||||||||||||
| 21214 | |||||||||||||
| 2123 | |||||||||||||
| 2130 | |||||||||||||
| 2108 | |||||||||||||
| 21081 | |||||||||||||
| 21083 | |||||||||||||
| 2110 | |||||||||||||
| 2111 | |||||||||||||
| 21114 | |||||||||||||
| 11183 | |||||||||||||
| 2112 | |||||||||||||
| 21124 | |||||||||||||
| 21126 | |||||||||||||
| 21128 | |||||||||||||
| 11194 | |||||||||||||
Piston fil ramukan:
| Piston pin bore class | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piston fil diamita (mm) | 21,982-21,986 | 21,986-21,990 | 21,990-21,994 |
ZMZ alamar piston
Wani nau'in masu motocin da ke da sha'awar yiwa piston alama suna da injin iri na ZMZ a wurinsu. An shigar da su a kan motocin GAZ - Volga, Gazelle, Sobol da sauransu. Yi la'akari da abubuwan da ke akwai akan shari'o'in su.
Nadi "406" yana nufin cewa piston aka yi nufin shigarwa a cikin ZMZ-406 na ciki konewa engine. Akwai nau'i biyu da aka buga a ƙasan fistan. Bisa ga wasiƙar da aka yi amfani da fenti, a kan sabon shinge, piston ya kusanci silinda. Lokacin gyare-gyare tare da silinda mai ban sha'awa, ana aiwatar da izinin da ake buƙata a cikin tsari mai ban sha'awa da honing don pistons da aka riga aka saya tare da girman da ake so.
Lamba na Roman akan fistan yana nuna ƙungiyar fistan da ake so. A diamita na ramukan a cikin fistan shugabannin, da connecting sanda shugaban, kazalika da m diameters na piston fil sun kasu kashi hudu kungiyoyin alama da fenti: I - fari, II - kore, III - rawaya, IV - ja. A kan yatsunsu, ana kuma nuna lambar rukuni ta fenti a saman ciki ko a kan iyakar. Dole ne ya dace da rukunin da aka nuna akan fistan.
akan sandar haɗi ne yakamata a yiwa lambar ƙungiyar haka da alama da fenti. A wannan yanayin, lambar da aka ambata dole ne ko dai ta zo daidai da ko ta kasance kusa da lambar ƙungiyar yatsa. Wannan zaɓin yana tabbatar da cewa fil ɗin mai mai yana motsawa tare da ƙaramin ƙoƙari a cikin sandar haɗin kai, amma baya faɗuwa daga ciki. Ba kamar VAZ pistons, inda shugabanci aka nuna da kibiya, a kan ZMZ pistons manufacturer kai tsaye rubuta kalmar "FRONT" ko kawai sanya harafin "P". Lokacin haɗuwa, fiɗar da ke kan ƙananan kan sandar haɗi dole ne ya dace da wannan rubutun (zama a gefe ɗaya).
Akwai ƙungiyoyi biyar, tare da mataki na 0,012 mm, wanda aka nuna ta haruffa A, B, C, D, D. An zaɓi waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu girma bisa ga diamita na waje na siket. Sun daidaita:
- A - 91,988 ... 92,000 mm;
- B - 92,000 ... 92,012 mm;
- B - 92,012...92,024 mm;
- H - 92,024...92,036 mm;
- D - 92,036 ... 92,048 mm.
An buga darajar ƙungiyar piston a ƙasa. Don haka, akwai ƙungiyoyi masu girma dabam guda huɗu waɗanda aka yiwa alama da fenti akan shugabannin piston:
- 1 - fari (22,0000 ... 21,9975 mm);
- 2 - kore (21,9975 ... 21,9950 mm);
- 3 - rawaya (21,9950 ... 21,9925 mm);
- 4 - ja (21,9925 ... 21,9900 mm).
Hakanan ana iya amfani da alamun ramin yatsa zuwa kambin piston a cikin lambobin Roman, tare da kowane lambobi suna da launi daban-daban (I - fari, II - kore, III - rawaya, IV - ja). Ƙungiyoyin girma na pistons da aka zaɓa dole ne su dace.
ZMZ-405 ICE an shigar a kan GAZ-3302 Gazelle Business da Gaz-2752 Sobol. Matsakaicin ƙididdigewa tsakanin siket ɗin piston da silinda (don sabbin sassa) yakamata ya zama 0,024 ... 0,048 mm. An bayyana shi azaman bambanci tsakanin ƙaramar diamita na Silinda da matsakaicin siket ɗin piston. Akwai ƙungiyoyi biyar, tare da mataki na 0,012 mm, wanda aka nuna ta haruffa A, B, C, D, D. An zaɓi waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu girma bisa ga diamita na waje na siket. Sun daidaita:
- A - 95,488 ... 95,500 mm;
- B - 95,500 ... 95,512 mm;
- B - 95,512...95,524 mm;
- H - 95,524...95,536 mm;
- D - 95,536 ... 95,548 mm.
An buga darajar ƙungiyar piston a ƙasa. Don haka, akwai ƙungiyoyi masu girma dabam guda huɗu waɗanda aka yiwa alama da fenti akan shugabannin piston:
- 1 - fari (22,0000 ... 21,9975 mm);
- 2 - kore (21,9975 ... 21,9950 mm);
- 3 - rawaya (21,9950 ... 21,9925 mm);
- 4 - ja (21,9925 ... 21,9900 mm).
Saboda haka, idan GAZ na ciki konewa engine fistan yana da, misali, harafin B, wannan yana nufin cewa ciki konewa engine an overhauled sau biyu.
A cikin ZMZ 409, kusan dukkanin ma'auni suna daidai da ZMZ 405, ban da hutu (puddle), yana da zurfi fiye da 405. Ana yin wannan don ramawa ga ma'auni na matsawa, girman h yana ƙaruwa akan pistons 409. Har ila yau. , da matsawa tsawo na 409 ne 34 mm, da kuma 405 - 38 mm.
Muna ba da irin wannan bayanin don nau'in injin konewa na ciki ZMZ 402.
- A - 91,988 ... 92,000 mm;
- B - 92,000 ... 92,012 mm;
- B - 92,012...92,024 mm;
- H - 92,024...92,036 mm;
- D - 92,036 ... 92,048 mm.
Ƙungiyoyi masu girma:
"Zaɓi zaɓi" haruffa akan pistons
- 1 - fari; 25,0000…24,9975 mm;
- 2 - kore; 24,9975…24,9950 mm;
- 3 - rawaya; 24,9950…24,9925 mm;
- 4 - ja; 24,9925…24,9900 mm.
Lura cewa tun Oktoba 2005 a kan pistons 53, 523, 524 (shigar, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, da yawa model na ICE ZMZ), an shigar da hatimi "Zaɓi Zabi" a kasa. Irin waɗannan pistons ana kera su ta amfani da fasahar ci gaba, wanda aka bayyana daban a cikin takaddun fasaha don su.
| Farashin Piston ZMZ | Aiwatar nadi | Ina alamar | Hanyar haruffa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 53-1004015-22; "523.1004015"; "524.1004015"; "410.1004014". | Alamar kasuwanci ta ZMZ | A kan cibiya kusa da ramin fil ɗin piston | Yin wasan kwaikwayo |
| Nadin samfurin Piston | A kan cibiya kusa da ramin fil ɗin piston | Yin wasan kwaikwayo | |
| "A da" | A kan cibiya kusa da ramin fil ɗin piston | Yin wasan kwaikwayo | |
| Piston alamar diamita A, B, C, D, D. | A kasan fistan | Etching | |
| BTC tambari | A kasan fistan | Fenti | |
| Alamar diamita na yatsa (fari, kore, rawaya) | Akan kushin nauyi | Fenti |
Makamantan bayanai don piston 406.1004015:
| Farashin Piston ZMZ | Aiwatar nadi | Ina alamar | Hanyar haruffa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4061004015; "405.1004015"? "4061.1004015"; "409.1004015". | Alamar kasuwanci ta ZMZ | A kan cibiya kusa da ramin fil ɗin piston | Yin wasan kwaikwayo |
| "A da" | |||
| Model "406, 405, 4061,409" (406-AP; 406-BR) | |||
| Piston alamar diamita A, B, C, D, D | A kasan fistan | Girgiza | |
| Alamar diamita na yatsa (fari, kore, rawaya, ja) | Akan kushin nauyi | Fenti | |
| Abubuwan samarwa "AK12MMgN" | A kusa da ramin fil ɗin piston | Yin wasan kwaikwayo | |
| BTC tambari | A kasan fistan | pickling |
Alamar pistons "Toyota"
Pistons a kan Toyota ICE suma suna da nasu zane da girma. Misali, a wata shahararriyar mota kirar Land Cruiser, ana zayyana pistons da haruffan Ingilishi A, B da C, da kuma lambobi daga 1 zuwa 3. Saboda haka, haruffan suna nuna girman ramin piston, da lambobi. nuna girman diamita na piston a cikin yankin "skirt". Piston mai gyara yana da +0,5 mm idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen diamita. Wato, don gyarawa, sunayen haruffa kawai suna canzawa.
Lura cewa lokacin siyan fistan da aka yi amfani da shi, kuna buƙatar auna tazarar thermal tsakanin siket ɗin piston da bangon Silinda. Ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon 0,04 ... 0,06 mm. In ba haka ba, wajibi ne don gudanar da ƙarin bincike na injin konewa na ciki kuma, idan ya cancanta, gudanar da gyare-gyare.
Pistons daga injin Motordetal
Yawancin injunan cikin gida da na shigo da su suna amfani da pistons gyare-gyare da aka ƙera a wuraren samarwa na ƙungiyar Kostroma piston mai kera Motordetal-Kostroma. Wannan kamfani yana samar da pistons tare da diamita na 76 zuwa 150 mm. Har zuwa yau, ana samar da nau'ikan pistons masu zuwa:
- m simintin gyaran kafa;
- tare da sakawa na thermostatic;
- tare da sakawa don zoben matsawa na sama;
- tare da tashar sanyaya mai.
Pistons da aka samar a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadadden suna suna da nasu nadi. A wannan yanayin, ana iya amfani da bayanai (alama) ta hanyoyi biyu - Laser da microimpact. Da farko, bari mu kalli takamaiman misalan alamar da aka yi ta amfani da zanen Laser:
- EAL - bin ka'idodin fasaha na ƙungiyar kwastan;
- An yi a Rasha - alamar kai tsaye na ƙasar asali;
- 1 - rukuni ta nauyi;
- H1 - rukuni ta diamita;
- 20-0305A-1 - lambar samfur;
- K1 (a cikin da'irar) - alamar sashin kula da fasaha (QCD);
- 15.05.2016/XNUMX/XNUMX - nuni kai tsaye na ranar samar da piston;
- Sp 0,2 - yarda tsakanin piston da Silinda (zazzabi).
Yanzu bari mu dubi sunayen da aka yi amfani da su tare da taimakon abin da ake kira micro-impact, ta yin amfani da takamaiman misalai:
- 95,5 - Girman gaba ɗaya a diamita;
- B - rukuni ta diamita;
- III - rukuni bisa ga diamita na yatsa;
- K (a cikin da'irar) - alamar OTK (ikon inganci);
- 26.04.2017/XNUMX/XNUMX - nuni kai tsaye na ranar samar da piston.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura a nan cewa don samar da pistons daban-daban, ana amfani da nau'o'in aluminum gami da ƙari na alloying. Duk da haka, ba a nuna wannan bayanin kai tsaye a jikin piston ba, amma an rubuta shi a cikin takaddun fasaha.
