Ƙananan tanki na amphibious T-38
Ƙananan tanki na amphibious T-38
An yi amfani da walda sosai wajen samar da tankin. Motar ta shiga sabis tare da Red Army a watan Fabrairu 1936 kuma tana cikin samarwa har zuwa 1939. A cikin duka, masana'antun sun samar da tankuna 1382 T-38. Suna cikin hidima tare da bataliyoyin tankokin yaki da leken asiri na sassan bindigu, kamfanonin leken asiri na rundunonin tanka guda daya. Ya kamata a lura cewa a lokacin babu wani daga cikin sojojin duniya da ke da irin wadannan tankokin.
Aiki da tankokin yaki a cikin sojojin ya nuna gazawa da nakasu mai yawa a cikinsu. Ya juya cewa T-37A yana da watsawar da ba za a iya dogara da shi ba da shasi, waƙoƙin sau da yawa suna faɗuwa, kewayon tafiye-tafiye ba su da ƙasa, kuma gefen buoyancy bai isa ba. Don haka, ofishin zane na shuka # 37 an ba shi aiki don tsara sabon tanki na amphibious dangane da T-37A. An fara aiki a ƙarshen 1934 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin sabon babban mai zanen shuka, N. Astrov. Lokacin ƙirƙirar abin hawa na yaƙi, wanda ya karɓi ma'anar masana'anta 09A, yakamata ya kawar da gazawar T-37A da aka gano, galibi don haɓaka amincin sassan sabon tanki na amphibious. A watan Yuni 1935, wani samfurin na tanki, wanda ya karbi sojojin index T-38, ya tafi don gwaji. Lokacin zayyana sabon tanki, masu zanen kaya sun yi ƙoƙari, a duk lokacin da zai yiwu, don amfani da abubuwa na T-37A, wanda a wannan lokacin ya sami ƙware sosai wajen samarwa. Tsarin T-38 na amphibious yayi kama da tankin T-37A, amma an sanya direban a dama da turret a hagu. A wurin direban akwai slits ɗin dubawa a cikin gilashin gilashi da kuma gefen dama na tarkace.
Jirgin karkashin kasa ya kasance ta hanyoyi da yawa iri ɗaya da tankin amphibious T-37A, wanda daga ciki aka aro ƙirar fagi da waƙoƙin dakatarwa. An ɗan canza ƙirar dabarar tuƙi, kuma dabarar jagorar ta zama iri ɗaya daidai da girman waƙa (banda na bearings).
Sabuwar motar tana da gazawa masu yawa. Misali, bisa rahoton da masana’anta mai lamba 37 da ABTU ta Red Army ta bayar, ya ce daga ranar 3 ga watan Yuli zuwa 17 ga Yuli, 1935, an gwada T-38 sau hudu ne kawai, sauran lokacin da tankin ke gyarawa. Intermittently, gwaje-gwaje na sabon tanki ya ci gaba har zuwa hunturu na 1935, kuma a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 1936, da wata doka na Majalisar Labor da Tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet, T-38 tanki aka soma da Red Army maimakon T-37A. A cikin bazara na wannan shekara, taro samar da sabon amphibian ya fara, wanda har lokacin rani ya tafi daidai da sakin T-37A.
Serial T-38 ya ɗan bambanta da samfurin - an shigar da ƙarin dabaran hanya a cikin jirgin ƙasa, ƙirar ƙwanƙwasa da ƙyanƙyashe direba sun ɗan canza. Makamai da turrets na tankuna T-38 sun zo ne kawai daga Ordzhonikidze Podolsky shuka, wanda a shekara ta 1936 ya sami damar kafa samar da su a cikin adadin da ake buƙata. A shekara ta 1936, an shigar da welded turrets da Izhora shuka a kan ƴan tsirarun T-38s, wanda koma bayan da ya rage bayan daina samar da T-37A.
A cikin kaka na 1936, a filin tabbatar da NIBT, an gwada shi don jerin garanti na nisan miloli. amphibious tanki T-38 tare da katunan sabon nau'in. An bambanta su ta hanyar rashin piston a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a kwance, kuma don kada sandar jagora ta fito daga cikin bututu a yayin da yiwuwar saukewa na rollers, an haɗa igiya na karfe zuwa maƙallan katako. A lokacin gwaje-gwaje a watan Satumba - Disamba 1936, wannan tanki ya rufe kilomita 1300 a kan hanyoyi da kuma ƙasa mara kyau. Sabbin bogies, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin takardun, "sun tabbatar da yin aiki da kyau, suna nuna yawan fa'ida akan ƙirar da ta gabata."
Ƙarshen da ke ƙunshe a cikin rahoton gwajin T-38 ya bayyana kamar haka: "T-38 tankin ya dace don magance ayyuka masu zaman kansu. Duk da haka, don ƙara ƙarfafawa, dole ne a shigar da injin M-1. Bugu da kari, dole ne a kawar da gazawar: hanyar ta fadi yayin tuki a kan wani wuri mara kyau, rashin isasshen dakatarwa, ayyukan ma'aikatan ba su gamsarwa, direban ba shi da isasshen gani zuwa hagu." Daga farkon 1937, an gabatar da canje-canje da yawa a cikin ƙirar tanki: an shigar da mashaya mai sulke akan ramin kallo a cikin garkuwar direban ta gaba, wanda ya hana faɗuwar gubar shiga cikin tanki lokacin harba bindiga da bindiga. An yi amfani da sabon samfurin bogi (tare da kebul na karfe) a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa. ... Bugu da kari, wani nau'in rediyo na T-38, sanye take da tashar rediyo mai lamba 71-TK-1 tare da eriyar bulala, ya shiga samarwa. Shigar da eriya ta kasance a saman takardar gaba na ƙugiya tsakanin kujerar direba da turret.
A cikin bazara na 1937, an dakatar da samar da tankuna masu amphibious T-38 - an sami gunaguni da yawa daga sojojin don sabon motar yaƙi. Bayan lokacin rani na 1937, da aka ba a cikin Moscow, Kiev da Belorussian soja gundumomi, da jagorancin Armored Directorate na Red Army umurci zane ofishin na shuka don sabunta tank T-38. Zamanin ya kamata ya kasance kamar haka:
Aiki a kan ƙirƙirar sabon model na T-38 ya wajen jinkirin. A cikin duka, an yi samfura biyu, waɗanda suka karɓi sunayen T-38M1 da T-38M2. Dukansu tankuna suna da injunan GAZ M-1 tare da ƙarfin 50 hp. da karusai daga tarakta Komsomolets. Tsakanin su, motocin suna da ƙananan bambance-bambance.
Jirgin T-38M2 ya karu da 75 mm, yana samar da karuwa a gudun hijira na 450 kg, sloth ya kasance a wuri guda, babu gidan rediyo a motar. A duk sauran bangarorin, T-38M1 da T-38M2 sun kasance iri ɗaya.
A matsayin wani ɓangare na bindigu da dawakai na Red Army (a wancan lokacin babu wani tankuna a cikin tanki brigades na yammacin soja gundumomi), T-38 da T-37A dauki bangare a cikin "yantar da yakin" a yammacin yamma. Ukraine da Belarus, a watan Satumba 1939. A farkon tashin hankali da Finland. Nuwamba 30, 1939, a sassa na Leningrad Soja District akwai 435 T-38 da T-37, wanda rayayye halarci fadace-fadace. Don haka, alal misali, a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 18 squadrons wanda ya ƙunshi raka'a 54 T-38 ya isa Karelian Isthmus. An makala bataliyar ne da runduna ta 136 ta Bindiga, an yi amfani da tankunan a matsayin wuraren harbin tafi-da-gidanka a gefe da kuma tsaka-tsaki tsakanin tsarin yaki na rukunin sojojin da ke kai hari. Kazalika an baiwa tankunan yaki na T-38 aikin ba da kariya ga ofishin kwamandojin sashin, tare da kwashe wadanda suka jikkata a fagen daga da kuma kai kayan yaki.
A jajibirin yakin duniya na biyu, sojojin da ke cikin iska sun hada da wata runduna ta tanka, wadda za a yi amfani da su da makamai 50 T-38. Tankunan yaƙi na Soviet sun sami baftisma na wuta a lokacin da ake yaƙi da makamai a Gabas Mai Nisa. Gaskiya ne, an yi amfani da su a can a cikin adadi kaɗan. Saboda haka, a cikin raka'a da kuma samuwar Red Army da suka halarci tashin a yankin na Khalkhin-Gol River tankuna T-38 ne kawai a cikin abun da ke ciki na bindiga da kuma mashin gun bataliyar 11 tbr (8 raka'a). da kuma bataliyar tanki na 82 sd (raka'a 14). Idan aka yi la’akari da rahotannin, sun kasance ba su da amfani sosai wajen kai hari da kuma na tsaro. A lokacin yakin daga Mayu zuwa Agusta 1939, an rasa 17 daga cikinsu.
Babban gyare-gyare na tanki T-38:
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A 1935, da T-37A tanki aka zamani, da nufin inganta Gudun halaye. Yayin da ake ci gaba da tsare-tsare iri ɗaya, sabon tanki mai suna T-38, ya zama ƙasa da faɗi, wanda hakan ya ƙaru da kwanciyar hankali, kuma ingantaccen tsarin dakatarwa ya ba da damar ƙara saurin gudu da hawa santsi. Maimakon bambancin mota akan tankin T-38, an yi amfani da ƙuƙumman gefe azaman hanyar juyawa.
