MAKS 2019, duk da haka, a cikin Zhukovsky
Samfurin jirgin Su-50 T-4-57 a cikin jirgin zanga-zanga. Hoton Miroslav Vasilevsky.
Shekaru biyu da suka gabata, an kusan bayyana a hukumance cewa za a gudanar da baje kolin sararin samaniyar kasar Rasha na MAKS a karo na karshe a wani babban filin jirgin sama na Zhukovsky. Muhawarar jami'an ta kasance mai sauki - tun da an gina filin shakatawa na Patriot a Kubinka kuma tun da akwai filin jirgin sama, to, ba wai kawai wasan kwaikwayo na sararin samaniya ba, har ma da tarin babban gidan tarihin sojojin sama na Air Force ya kamata a koma wurin. RF in Monino. Babu wanda ya yi tunanin cewa Patriot Park da filin jirgin sama a Kubinka suna da nisan kilomita 25 kuma ba su da alaƙa da juna. Wurin nuni a filin jirgin sama a Kubinka yana da ƙananan - rataye biyu, har ma da dandamali yana da ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da Zhukovsky. Dalilin sake nasara (a ƙarshe?) Kuma a wannan shekara an gudanar da Salon Jirgin Sama da Jirgin Sama na Moscow daga Agusta 27 zuwa Satumba 1 a tsohon wurin.
Jami'ai, da kuma masu yiwuwa manyan mutane, ba su dakatar da makircinsu ba, kuma sun ba da umarnin cewa, tun da MAKS salon salon sararin samaniya ne, bai kamata a gabatar da sababbin abubuwa daga kowane batu a can ba. Ba wanda ya lura cewa a irin waɗannan abubuwan na waje (Le Bourget, Farnborough, ILA ...) kayan aikin radar, makaman kare-dangi ko, a cikin ma'ana, ana kuma gabatar da makaman masu linzami. Har zuwa yanzu, wannan ya kasance a cikin Zhukovsky, kuma kusan cikakkiyar rashi na nunin masana'antar makami mai linzami a wannan shekara ya ba da mamaki ba kawai masu sana'a ba, har ma da 'yan kallo na yau da kullum. Za mu iya kawai fatan cewa nan da shekaru biyu za a canza wannan shawarar mara kyau kuma yanayin zai dawo daidai.
Bugu da ƙari, jiragen sama na Rasha ba su iya nuna sababbin samfurori da yawa (me yasa - ƙarin akan abin da ke ƙasa), shigar da masu ba da izini na kasashen waje a MAKS ya kasance alama ce ta yau da kullum, kuma wannan shekara ya fi iyakance (ƙari akan abin da ke ƙasa) .
Kamfanonin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na Rasha yanzu suna biyan farashi mai nauyi na kwata na karni na ci gaba da raguwa a cikin bincike da kashe kudade na ci gaba. Matsaloli tare da ingantaccen kudade na ƙara tsada da shirye-shiryen ci-gaba sun fara ne a ƙarshen wanzuwar Tarayyar Soviet. Mikhail Gorbachev yayi ƙoƙari ya ceci tattalin arzikin "rugujewa", ciki har da yanke kashe kuɗin soja. A zamanin Boris Yeltsin, hukumomi ba su da sha'awar wani abu, amma da yawa ayyukan da aka za'ayi a kan wani "tushe" da dama fiye da shekaru. Har ila yau, akwai wata babbar "kumburi", wato, albarkatun ra'ayoyin, bincike, da kuma sau da yawa shirye-shiryen samfurori da aka halicce su a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, amma ba a bayyana su ba a lokacin don dalilai masu ma'ana. Sabili da haka, har ma a farkon karni na 1990, masana'antar jirgin sama da masana'antar roka na Rasha na iya yin alfahari da "sabon sabbin abubuwa" masu ban sha'awa tare da kusan "babu saka hannun jari". Koyaya, tun da ba a sami babban tallafi don sabbin shirye-shirye bayan 20, kamfanonin da suka aiwatar da manyan kwangilolin fitar da kayayyaki ne kawai suka sami damar ci gaba da aiwatarwa. A aikace, waɗannan su ne kamfanin Sukhodzha da masana'antun helikwafta na Mila. Kamfanonin Ilyushin, Tupolev da Yakovlev kusan sun daina ayyukansu. Injiniyoyi da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwarar ) sun bar ofisoshin zane-zane da kuma masana'antun jiragen sama, kuma an yanke haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar. Bayan lokaci, wani bala'i ya faru - ci gaba da aiki na ofisoshin gine-gine, wanda a Rasha ake kira "makarantar gini", ya karye. Matasa injiniyoyi ba su da wanda za su yi nazari da gwaji, saboda ba a aiwatar da takamaiman ayyuka ba. Da farko dai ba za a iya fahimta ba, amma lokacin da gwamnatin Vladimir Putin ta fara kara yawan kudaden da ake kashewa a hankali kan ayyukan kimiyya, sai ya zamana cewa wadannan kamfanoni a aikace sun rasa karfinsu na yin kirkire-kirkire. Bugu da ƙari, duniya ba ta tsaya cik ba kuma ba shi yiwuwa a sake komawa ayyukan "daskararre" na shekaru XNUMX a baya. Sakamakon wannan yana ƙara zama bayyane (ƙari akan wannan a ƙasa).
Su-57 ƙasa tare da parachutes a cikin iska. Hoton Marina Lystseva.
Jirgin jiragen sama
A hannun Sukhoi Aviation Holding Company PJSC, kati mai ƙarfi shine kawai jirgin yaƙi na Rasha na ƙarni na 5, wato, PAK FA, ko T-50, ko Su-57. Shigarsa a cikin ɗakunan jiragen sama yana "mita" sosai a hankali. Talata 2011 Motoci guda biyu sun tashi sama da Zhukovsky, bayan shekaru biyu sun gabatar da dabarun taka tsantsan, da sauransu. d. A bana, a karshe an yanke shawarar gabatar da jirgin a kasa ma. Don wannan, an nada KNS - Integrated Natural Stand, wato, kwafin da ba ya tashi da aka yi amfani da shi don haɗa abubuwa. Don wannan, an zana glider ɗin kuma an ba shi lambar ƙira mai lamba 057 ... Wata babbar tawaga daga Turkiyya, karkashin jagorancin Shugaba Recep Tayyip Erdogan, wanda aka nuna "057", ta halarci wurin bude salon. Kafofin yada labarai sun yi sharhi sosai kan tambayoyinsa game da yiwuwar samun Su-57. Ko shakka babu wannan wani bangare ne na sarkakkiyar wasan da Turkiyya ke yi da Amurka da Rasha da kuma makwabtanta na Larabawa. Tun da Amurkawa ba sa so su sayar da F-35 ga Turkiyya, wanda Ankara ta riga ta biya kusan dala miliyan 200 (kudin da aka yi na F-35 daya ...), Erdogan "ya yi barazanar" tare da siyan jirgin saman Rasha, ko da yake haka kawai Su-30 da Su-35. A gefe guda kuma, wani mai yuwuwar mai amfani da Su-57, Indiya, yana da hali daban. Da farko, wannan jirgin ya kasance da haɗin gwiwa tare da Rasha, sa'an nan kuma an dauke su a matsayin farkon mai amfani da waje. A halin yanzu, lamarin ya canza sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Indiya na fama da matsalar biyan rancen da aka karba a baya daga Rasha kuma tana amfani da sabbin layukan lamuni da gwamnatin Amurka ta lamunce, tana sayen makaman Amurka, ba shakka. 'Yan siyasar Indiya kuma sun tayar da ingantacciyar hujja ga Su-57. Wato, suna da'awar cewa "matakin farko na shirin" injunan da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu ba su samar da ingantaccen aiki. Masu zanen Rasha kuma sun san game da wannan, amma matsalar ita ce babu injunan da suka dace a Rasha tukuna kuma ba za su kasance na dogon lokaci ba! A duk faɗin duniya al'ada ce don haɓaka injunan jirage na gaba. Aiki a kansu yawanci yana farawa a baya fiye da a kan jirgin da kansu, don haka sau da yawa suna "latti" kuma dole ne ku yi amfani da tsofaffin tsarin motsa jiki na dan lokaci don kada ku dakatar da shirin gaba daya. Saboda haka, misali. na farko Soviet T-10s (Su-27s) ya tashi da injuna AL-21, kuma ba AL-31 ya ɓullo da su. Ana kera injin izdielije 57 don Su-30, amma matsalar ita ce an fara aikin a kai tun kafin a fara ƙirar jirgin. Saboda haka, samfurori na T-50 an sanye su da injuna na dangin AL-31, wanda ake kira AL-41F1 don dalilai na kasuwanci ("samfurin 117"). Haka kuma, an ƙera tashar jiragen sama ta la'akari da girma da kayan aiki na tsofaffin injuna. An ce a hukumance cewa masu zanen "Samfur 30" dole ne su "daidaita" a cikin girma da halaye na injin ƙarni na baya, kuma wannan iyakance ne wanda ke da wuya a yarda da shi. Idan sabon injin zai zama sabo da gaske, ba zai iya zama iri ɗaya ba (ko da a zahiri) kamar injin da aka kera shekaru 50 da suka gabata. Don haka, lokacin da sabon injin ya shirya, da yawa kuma dole ne a canza su a cikin ƙirar jirgin sama (la'akari da cewa ed. Ana gwada 30 akan T-50-2, adadin canje-canjen da ake buƙata a cikin ƙirar jirgin sama yana iyakance). Abin lura ne cewa 'yan siyasar sojan Rasha suna sane da wannan rauni na T-50 da aka gwada a halin yanzu, sabili da haka, har zuwa kwanan nan, sun jinkirta yanke shawarar yin oda na farko na jirgin sama. A wannan shekara, a taron Sojoji-2019 (kuma ba a MAKS!) Jirgin saman Rasha ya ba da umarnin motoci 76 a cikin sigar "canzawa", watau. tare da injin AL-41F1. Wannan tabbas shine yanke shawara mai kyau, wanda zai ba da damar ƙaddamar da layin samarwa a masana'antu a Komsomolsk-on-Amur, zai ba wa masu haɗin gwiwar damar daidaita kayan aikin su da sauƙaƙe kasuwancin waje. Idan ba haka ba, za a dakatar da shirin gaba dayansa na tsawon wasu shekaru masu zuwa, sannan kuma kamar yadda wasu masana ke cewa, za su fara kera wani sabon jirgin sama, domin a kalla jirgin na T-50 zai zama tsohuwa a wannan lokaci.
Karamin sha'awar da ke da alaƙa da nunin T-50s guda huɗu a cikin jirgin shine saukar ɗayan injinan tare da sakin parachute masu birki a saman titin jirgin sama. Irin wannan hanya yana ba da damar rage nisan da za a yi amfani da shi sosai, amma kuma yana ɗaukar nauyin jirgin sama sosai, tun da farko, birki mai kaifi mai ƙarfi yana farawa da sauri mafi girma, na biyu kuma, jirgin yana raguwa sosai, watau. kayan aiki dole ne su jure tasiri mai ƙarfi akan titin jirgin sama. Ana kuma buƙatar ƙwararren matukin jirgi. Wannan ya kamata ya zama yanke shawara mai tsanani lokacin da, alal misali, mota ta sauka a wani ɗan gajeren sashe na titin jirgin sama, sauran wuraren da bama-bamai na abokan gaba suka lalata su. Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, mafi kyawun matukan jirgi na MiG-21 da Su-22 sun sauka a Poland ...
Abin mamaki shi ne cewa kawai na'urar gwajin Su-47 Bierkut ta shiga a tsaye. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin gine-gine masu ban sha'awa da yawa daga lokacin raguwar USSR. A wancan lokacin, masu zanen Sukhoi suna neman ƙirar iska mai ƙarfi wanda zai ba da matsakaicin motsi da matsakaicin matsakaicin gudu. Zaɓin ya faɗi a kan fuka-fuki tare da gangara mara kyau. An yi amfani da abubuwa da yawa na Su-27 da injunan MiG-a-31 don hanzarta gina samfurin ... Duk da haka, ba mai nuna fasahar fasaha ba ne, amma cikakken mayaƙin da aka yi amfani da shi tare da rage yawan gani (tare da ma'ana mai amfani da iska, dakatarwa. ɗakin kayan yaƙi, ginin da aka gina a ciki, Su-27M...). Jirgin "ya tashi da kyau", kuma idan ba don matsalolin Yeltsin ba, da zai sami damar shiga cikin jerin. Kwanan nan, an yi amfani da injin don gwada masu ƙaddamar da kulle-kulle a ƙarƙashin shirin Su-57.
JSC RAC "MiG" yana cikin mafi muni, kusan yanayin rashin bege. Babu isassun umarni ba kawai daga kasashen waje ba, amma da farko daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Rasha. Mikoyan bai sami umarnin "sa baki" ba dangane da jirginsa. Kwangilar mafi girma a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan ita ce jirgin sama na MiG-46M 29 da 6-8 MiG-29M2 don Masar (kwangilar daga 2014), amma kasar ta shahara da guje wa wajibcin kudi, da kuma bayan yiwuwar tabarbarewar dangantaka tsakanin Shugaba Abd al- Fattah da As - Sisi tare da kotun Saudiyya, da damar Rasha, sabili da haka Mikoyan, don Masar da sauri ya biya bashin makamai na iya zama kadan. Fatan siyar da wani rukunin MiG-29Ks zuwa Indiya shima yaudara ne. A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon, ba a bayyana ba a hukumance cewa Algeria na da matukar sha'awar siyan 16 MiG-29M / M2, amma kuma, ba tare da izini ba, an bayyana cewa tattaunawar ta ci gaba da gaske, amma tana da alaƙa da 16 ... Su-30MKI.
