Lockheed Martin F-35 Walƙiya II a Japan
F-35A na farko na Japan (AX-01; 701) a cikin jirgin a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2016. Gwamnatin Japan ta amince da siyan F-42As 35 a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2011, tare da sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatoci a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2012.
Kasar Japan tana cikin manyan masu amfani da jirgin F-35 Lightning II da yawa na yaki shekaru da yawa yanzu. Har ila yau, ita ce ƙasa ta biyu bayan Italiya (ba a kirga Amurka ba) wanda F-35 taro da cibiyar sabis ke aiki. Ba kamar sauran sauran duniya ba, inda F-35 zai kasance jirgin farko na yaƙi na shekaru masu zuwa, a Japan ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mahimmanci amma ƙari ga wasu nau'ikan guda biyu - F-15J/DJ kai da aka haɓaka. sabbin mayakan FX na gaba-gaba.
A tsakiyar shekaru goma na farko na karni na 2, Rundunar Tsaron Kai ta Japan (Kōkū Jieitai; Air Self-Defense Force, ASDF) ta fuskanci tambayar zabar sabbin jiragen yaki. Don dalilai na kudi, samar da mayakan Mitsubishi F-2008A/B ya iyakance, kuma a cikin 4, an shirya fara tunawa da mayakan McDonnell Douglas F-15EJ da Phantom II. Ko da yake an sabunta na'urorin jirgin saman McDonnell Douglas F-5J/DJ Eagle interceptors (duba akwatin), tare da gina mayaka na ƙarni na 20 (Chengdu J-50 da Sukhoi T-5/PAK FA, bi da bi), ASDF ta kasance a ciki. yanayi mara kyau. Jafananci sun kasance da sha'awar 22nd ƙarni na sojan Amurka Lockheed Martin F-XNUMXA Raptor, amma saboda haramcin fitarwa da Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta yi, sayan su ba zai yiwu ba. Saboda haka, sun ƙaddamar da nasu bincike da shirin ci gaba don sabon ƙarni na mayakan (duba akwatin).
F-35A na farko na Japan ya yi tashinsa na farko daga Fort Worth, Texas; Agusta 24, 2016 A cikin kukfar wani matukin gwajin Lockheed Martin,
Paul Hattendorf.
Shirin Tsaro na Matsakaici (MTDP) na Shekarun Kudi na 2005-2009, bisa ga Jagororin Shirin Tsaro na ƙasa da Gwamnatin Japan ta karbe a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2004 (Bōei Keikaku no Taiō; Jagororin Shirye-shiryen Tsaro na ƙasa, NDPG) na 2005 da kuɗi na gaba. shekaru da aka lura: Gwamnatin Japan za ta inganta zamanantar da jirgin F-15 da kuma sayen sababbin mayaka don maye gurbin F-4. Sai dai kuma sauyin gwamnati ya sa an jinkirta yanke hukunci na musamman kan siyan magajin F-4EJ kai na tsawon shekaru da dama. Sai kawai a cikin SPR na gaba na 2011-2015, bisa ga NPD 17 da kuma bayan, wanda gwamnati ta amince da shi a watan Disamba 2010, 2011, an shirya sayan rukunin farko na sabbin mayaka 12.
'Yan takarar da ake la'akari sun hada da: Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Boeing F-15 Eagle, Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, Dassault Rafale da Eurofighter Typhoon. A cikin Disamba 2008, an rage wannan jerin zuwa F-15, F-35 da Typhoon. Wakilan ASDF sun ziyarci kowace masana'anta domin sanin yadda jirgin ke aiki da hanyoyin kera. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, a kan wannan, a watan Yuni 2010, F-15 ya maye gurbin F / A-18E / F a baya. A halin da ake ciki, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar ƙara cikin jerin buƙatun yiwuwar samar da lasisi ko taron ƙarshe na jiragen sama da aka saya a Japan. Manufar ita ce a ci gaba da aiki a cikin masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama na Japan, musamman masana'antar Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), wacce ke da damar samar da kayan aiki bayan an dakatar da F-2 da wuri kuma ba ta son korar kwararrun kwararrun ma'aikatan fasaha.
A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 2011, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Japan (Bōeishō) ta aika da buƙatun buƙatun bayanai (RFI) akan sabbin mayaka ga gwamnatocin Amurka da na Burtaniya. Ranar ƙarshe don ƙaddamar da shawarwari shine 26 ga Satumba. Bayan nazarinsu, a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2011, gwamnatin Japan da Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa (Kokka Anzen Hoshō Kaigi; Kwamitin Tsaro na Ƙasa) sun amince da zaɓin F-35A. Hukunce-hukuncen dalilai sune: multitasking, musamman ma babban ƙarfin aiki a cikin ayyukan iska zuwa ƙasa, ƙwarewar fasaha na jirgin sama da kuma tsammanin ci gaba da ci gaba a nan gaba, da shigar da taro na ƙarshe da samar da sassan da aka zaɓa majalisa a Japan. Ko da yake shirin F-35 na ci gaba da gwajin yana fama da matsalolin fasaha da yawa da kuma dogon jinkiri a lokacin, Japanawa sun yi shirin siyan raka'a 42 da suka fara a cikin kasafin kuɗi na 2012.
Bayan sanarwar da gwamnatin Japan ta yanke, shugaban Lockheed kuma babban darakta Martin Bob Stevens ya ce, "Muna alfahari da amincewa da gwamnatin Japan ta ba da F-35 da ƙungiyar samar da mu don kawo wannan mayaka na ƙarni na biyar zuwa Japan. Rundunar Sojojin Sama. Wannan sanarwar ta zama sabon babi a cikin dogon lokaci na haɗin gwiwa tare da masana'antar Japan kuma yana haɓaka kan haɗin gwiwar tsaro na kut da kut tsakanin Amurka da Japan.
Ƙarshen kwangilar
A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2012, Hukumar Tsaro da Haɗin Kan Tsaro (DSCA) ta sanar da Majalisar Dokokin Amurka cewa hukumomin Japan sun nemi izini ga gwamnatin Amurka don siyar da F-35As guda huɗu a ƙarƙashin tsarin FMS (Sayar da Sojan Ƙasashen waje) tare da yiwuwar wani 38 Jimlar madaidaicin ƙimar kwangilar, ban da jirgin da kansa, wanda ya haɗa da ƙarin kayan aiki, kayan gyara, takaddun fasaha, kayan aiki, horar da ma'aikata da tallafin aiki, an kiyasta dala biliyan 10. A cikin goyon bayan bukatar, hukumar DSCA ta bayyana cewa: Japan babbar kasa ce ta siyasa da tattalin arziki a gabashin Asiya da yammacin Pasifik kuma babbar aminiyar Amurka wajen samar da zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin. Gwamnatin Amurka tana amfani da sansani da wurare a Japan. Siyar da aka yi niyya ta yi daidai da manufofin siyasar Amurka da yarjejeniyar haɗin kai da tsaro ta 1960.
An rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta hukuma (LOA) don siyan F-35A guda huɗu tare da zaɓi na 38 (waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin shekaru masu zuwa) tare da kayan aiki da ayyuka masu alaƙa da aka sanya hannu a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2012. A kan wannan, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka , aiki a madadin gwamnatin Japan, a kan Maris 25 2013 sanya hannu a kwangilar da ta dace da Lockheed Martin. Rahoton shekara-shekara na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka na Janairu 2013 ya nuna cewa F-35As na farko na ASDF guda hudu za su kasance da software na Block 3i avionics. Na'urori masu zuwa daga jerin Lot 9 LRIP (Ƙarancin Ƙimar Farko na Farko) an riga an sanye su da software na Block 3F.
