Lisa Meitner
Ita ce macen - Lise Meitner wacce ita ce ta farko da ta fara yin bayanin abin da ya faru na lalata nukiliya. Wataƙila saboda asalinsa? Ita Bayahude ce kuma ta yi aiki a Jamus - ba a haɗa ta cikin la'akari da kwamitin Nobel ba kuma a cikin 1944 Otto Hahn ya karɓi kyautar Nobel ta fission na nukiliya.
A cikin rabin na biyu na 30s, Lisa Meitner, Otto Hahn da Fritz Strassmann sun yi aiki tare a kan wannan batu a Berlin. Mutanen sun kasance ƙwararrun chemist, kuma Lisa ƙwararriyar kimiyya ce. A 1938, dole ne ta gudu daga Jamus zuwa Sweden daga zalunci na Nazi. Shekaru da yawa, Hahn ya ci gaba da cewa binciken ya dogara ne akan gwaje-gwajen sinadarai kawai bayan Meitner ya bar Berlin. Duk da haka, bayan wani lokaci ya zama cewa masana kimiyya kullum suna musayar wasiƙu da juna, kuma a cikin su binciken kimiyya da abubuwan lura. Strassmann ya jaddada cewa Lise Meitner ita ce shugabar masu hankali na kungiyar gaba daya. An fara ne a cikin 1907 lokacin da Lise Meitner ya tashi daga Vienna zuwa Berlin. A lokacin tana da shekara 28. Ta fara bincike kan aikin rediyo tare da Otto Hahn. Haɗin gwiwar ya haifar da gano a cikin 1918 na protactinium, wani nau'in radiyo mai nauyi. Dukansu ƙwararrun masana kimiyya ne kuma farfesa a Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft fur Chemie. Lise ta shugabanci sashen kimiyyar lissafi mai zaman kansa, kuma Otto ya jagoranci ilimin kimiyyar rediyo. A can suka yanke shawarar tare don bayyana abin da ke faruwa na rediyoaktif. Duk da babban ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na hankali, aikin Lise Meitner bai yi godiya ba tsawon shekaru. Sai kawai a cikin 1943, an gayyaci Lisa Meitmer zuwa Los Alamos, inda ake gudanar da bincike don ƙirƙirar bam ɗin atomic. Ba ta je ba. A 1960 ta koma Cambridge, Ingila kuma ta mutu a can a 1968 tana da shekaru 90, ko da yake ta sha taba sigari kuma ta yi aiki da kayan aikin rediyo a duk rayuwarta. Ba ta taɓa rubuta tarihin rayuwa ba, kuma ba ta ba da izinin labarai game da rayuwarta da wasu suka rubuta ba.
Duk da haka, mun san cewa tun tana yarinya tana sha'awar kimiyya kuma tana son samun ilimi. Abin baƙin ciki shine, a ƙarshen 1901, 'yan mata ba a yarda su halarci wuraren motsa jiki ba, don haka Lisa dole ne ta gamsu da makarantar birni (Bürgeschule). Bayan kammala karatu, ta da kanta ta kware da kayan da ake bukata don jarrabawar digiri, kuma ta wuce ta tana da shekaru 22, tana da shekaru 1906, a dakin motsa jiki na ilimi a Vienna. A wannan shekarar ta fara karatun kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi da falsafa a jami'ar Vienna. Daga cikin farfesa, Ludwig Boltzmann ya fi tasiri ga Lisa. Tuni a cikin shekara ta farko, ta zama sha'awar matsalar rediyoaktif. A 1907, a matsayin mace ta biyu a tarihin Jami'ar Vienna, ta sami digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Taken karatun nata shine "Thermal Conductivity of Inhomogeneous Materials". Bayan ta kare digiri na uku, ba ta yi nasara ba ta yi ƙoƙarin fara aiki a Skłodowska-Curie a Paris. Bayan kin amincewa, ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Kimiyya ta Vienna. A 30, ta ƙaura zuwa Berlin don sauraron laccoci na Max Planck. A can ne ta sadu da matashin Otto Hahn wanda ta yi aiki tare da gajeren hutu na shekaru XNUMX na gaba.
