Lenin - majagaba na makamashin nukiliya
Lenin majagaba ne na makamashin nukiliya. Lenin a watan Mayu 1960, hoto daga jirgin ruwa Navy na Danish. Helicopter Mi-1 akan wurin saukarwa. Forswarz Library
Ci gaban arewacin Siberiya ya fara ne da abin da za a iya "cire" daga gandun daji. Abubuwan albarkatu sun yi yawa, matsalar ita ce yadda za a sami " ganima" zuwa "wayewa". Wurin da ke da matuƙar wahala a zahiri bai ƙunshi jigilar ƙasa ba, don haka ya zama ruwa, amma tunda koguna da yawa suna kwarara cikin tekuna masu sanyi, waɗanda ƙanƙara ta rufe su tsawon shekara, ba shi da sauƙi a yi amfani da wannan hanyar.
Daga karni na 1880, mazaunan da ke zaune a gabar Tekun Fari sun yi gaba da gabas, daga karshe suka kai bakin Ob. Bayan balaguron farko na daular Romanov, binciken ruwan arewa ya fara da gaske a farkon rabin karni na 1877 ta balaguron Vitus Bering, 'yan'uwan Khariton da Dmitry Laptev, da Semyon Chelyuskin. Shekaru ɗari bayan haka, ya bayyana a fili cewa wani balaguron balaguron balaguro a arewacin tekun Asiya yana yiwuwa. A karon farko an yi hakan ne ta hanyar balaguron jirgin Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld akan jirgin ruwan Vega, wanda ya koma Stockholm a watan Afrilun XNUMX, bayan ya kammala balaguron da'ira na kusan shekaru biyu tare da sanyin kankara a mashigar Bering. A wannan lokacin, tun XNUMX, an riga an fitar da kayayyakin noma daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Tekun Kara zuwa Arkhangelsk. Ba wani babban kamfani ba ne (saboda haka ya fi riba) amma yayin da aka gano burbushin halittu na Siberiya, ruwan Arctic ya tayar da sha'awa tsakanin Rashawa.
A karshen Maris 1897 cadmium. Stepan Makarov, masanin ilimin teku, matafiyi, kuma daga baya kwamandan daya daga cikin squadrons na Baltic Fleet, ya ba da lacca a St. icebreaker wanda zai iya rinjayar su. Gwamnati ta goyi bayan postulate kuma bayan shekara daya da rabi, an kaddamar da Jermak a tashar jirgin ruwa na Newcastle-on-Tyne a Newcastle-on-Tyne (Makarov shine marubucin aikinsa, kuma ya kula da aikin). Har zuwa 1901, ya yi jiragen "bincike" guda uku zuwa arewa tare da Makarov. Shekaru goma bayan haka, jiragen sama na yau da kullun sun fara tsakanin Vladivostok da Kolyma, har yanzu ba su da mahimmancin tattalin arziki.
Farkon yakin duniya na farko da balaguro karkashin jagorancin Boris Vilkitsky a 1913-1915. (an gano, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, Severnaya Zemlya), a lokacin da 60-mita icebreakers Taimyr da Vaigach samu nasarar tabbatar da kansu, canza ra'ayin na arewa hanya. Juyin juya halin Oktoba mai cin gashin kansa ya kara da cewa ya zama mafi guntuwar hanyar teku tsakanin iyakar kasar Bolshevik, amma kuma ita kadai ce a wajen ruwan kasashen da a kalla suka yi adawa da ita.
A 1932, a karon farko a daya kewayawa, da icebreaker Aleksandr Sibiryakov bar Arkhangelsk zuwa Bering Strait tare da balaguro na Otto Schmidt, wanda nan da nan aka nada na farko darektan Glavsevmorput. A shekara ta 1934, Fedor Litke ya lalata shi a gaban shugabanci, kuma a cikin 1935, bayan canja wurin katako guda biyu daga Leningrad zuwa Vladivostok, aikin jigilar kaya na yau da kullun ya fara. A sakamakon haka, a cikin rabin na biyu na 30s, 4 Arctic icebreakers irin Stalin aka gina a Soviet shipyards.
Bayan ƙarshen kewayawa a cikin 1937, lokacin da jiragen ruwa sama da 20 suka makale a cikin ƙanƙara (ɗaya daga cikin jiragen ya nutse ta hanyar "ci gaba" hummocks), Moscow ta fahimci buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙanƙara na Arctic na ƙirar ci gaba da haɓaka mai ƙarfi. Ba ni da lokaci don samun cikakkun bayanai, yayin da Babban Yaƙin Kishin Ƙasa ya barke, kuma a sakamakon haka, a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1947 ne kawai, gwamnatin Tarayyar Soviet ta amince da wani kuduri "Don samar da hanyar Tekun Arewa tare da masu fashewar ƙanƙara mai karfi da kuma mai karfi. jiragen ruwa na jigilar kayayyaki sun dace don kewayawa a cikin Arctic don canza shi. " a cikin hanyar teku da aka saba aiki", inda aka ba da umarnin da suka dace ga Ma'aikatar Gina Jirgin Ruwa.
