Tanki mai haske M24 "Chaffee"
Abubuwa
Tanki mai haske M24 "Chaffee"Tanki mai haske M24, Chaffee.
Don sauƙaƙe gyaran gyare-gyare a cikin filin, zanen gado na aft na rufin rufin yana cirewa, kuma an yi babban hatch a cikin takarda na gaba na sama. A cikin chassis, ana amfani da ƙafafun hanyoyi 5 na matsakaicin diamita akan jirgin da kuma dakatarwar sandar torsion na mutum ɗaya. An shigar da bindigar jirgin sama mai girman mm 75 da coaxial na injin 7,62 mm tare da shi a cikin turret. An kuma saka wani bindigar inji mai tsawon mm 7,62 a cikin haɗin ƙwallon ƙafa a farantin ƙwanƙwasa na gaba. An ɗora bindigar kakkabo jirgin sama mai tsawon mm 12,7 akan rufin hasumiya. Don inganta daidaiton harbi daga igwa, an shigar da gyroscopic irin na Westinghouse. An yi amfani da gidajen rediyo guda biyu da tanki intercom a matsayin hanyar sadarwa. An yi amfani da tankunan yaki na M24 a mataki na karshe na yakin duniya na biyu, kuma a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu suna aiki da kasashe da dama na duniya. Idan aka kwatanta da tankin haske na M5, wanda ya maye gurbinsa, M24 na nufin wani muhimmin mataki na gaba, M24 ya zarce dukkan motocin haske na yakin duniya na biyu ta fuskar kariyar sulke da wutar lantarki, dangane da motsi, sabon tankin ba shi da wata ma'ana. fiye da wanda ya gabace shi M5. Igwa mai girman mm 75 ya kusan yi kyau kamar bindigar Sherman dangane da halayensa kuma ya zarce makaman mafi yawan matsakaitan tankuna na samfurin 1939 ta fuskar wutar lantarki. Canje-canje masu mahimmanci da aka yi ga ƙirar ƙwanƙwasa da siffar turret sun taimaka wajen kawar da lahani, rage tsayin tanki da kuma ba da makamai masu linzami na ma'ana. sassa da majalisai.
Ayyukan ƙira don shigar da bindigar 75 mm akan tanki mai haske ya fara kusan lokaci guda tare da haɓaka matsakaiciyar tanki mai ɗauke da bindiga iri ɗaya. The 75 mm T17 howitzer mai sarrafa kansa, dangane da abin hawa na yaƙi na M1E3, shine mataki na farko a wannan hanya, kuma kaɗan daga baya, lokacin da ake buƙatar tankin haske mai ƙarfin wuta iri ɗaya kamar M4, M8 da kansa. propelled howitzer yayi daidai gyara. Makamashi da igwa 75 mm M3, wannan samfurin ya karɓi, kodayake ba bisa hukuma ba, ƙirar M8A1.
Ya dogara ne akan chassis na M5, mai iya jurewa lodin da ke tasowa yayin harbin bindigar 75mm, amma sigar M8A1 an hana shi daga manyan halayen da ke cikin tanki. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don sabuwar motar sun haɗa da kiyaye tashar wutar lantarki iri ɗaya wacce aka sanye take da M5A1, haɓaka chassis, rage nauyin yaƙi zuwa tan 16,2 da yin amfani da ajiyar wuri tare da kauri na aƙalla 25,4 mm tare da faɗin kusurwoyi na karkata. Babban hasara na M5A1 shine ƙaramin ƙarar turret ɗinsa, wanda ya hana yiwuwar shigar da bindigar 75 mm. Daga nan kuma akwai shawarar gina tanki mai haske T21, amma wannan injin mai nauyin tan 21,8 ya zama mai nauyi sosai. Sai tankin hasken T7 ya ja hankalin kwamandan dakarun tankar. Amma wannan motar an kera ta ne da odar sojojin Biritaniya don yin bindigar 57 mm, kuma lokacin da Amurkawa suka yi ƙoƙarin saka bindigar 75 mm, nauyin samfurin ya ƙaru har T7 ya koma cikin rukunin matsakaici. tankuna.
An fara daidaita sabon gyare-gyaren a matsayin matsakaicin tanki na M7 dauke da igwa mai tsayin milimita 75, sannan aka soke daidaitawa saboda matsalolin kayan aiki da babu makawa sun taso saboda kasancewar tankunan matsakaitan matsakaici guda biyu. A cikin Oktoba 1943, kamfanin Cadillac, wanda ke cikin Kamfanin General Motors Corporation, ya gabatar da samfuran motar da ta cika buƙatun da aka gabatar. Na'urar, mai suna T24, ta gamsu da buƙatun umarnin sojojin tankunan, wanda ya ba da umarnin raka'a 1000, ba tare da jiran fara gwajin ba. Bugu da kari, an ba da umarnin samfurori na gyare-gyaren T24E1 tare da injin M18 mai lalata tanki, amma ba da daɗewa ba aka watsar da wannan aikin.
Tankin T24 an sanye shi da bindigar T75E13 mai nauyin 1mm tare da na'urar recoil TZZ da kuma bindigar mashin 7,62 mm akan firam T90. An yi bayanin nauyin da aka yarda da igwa da gaskiyar cewa an ƙera shi ne bisa tushen bindigar jirgin M5 da sabon ƙirarsa M6 kawai yana nufin cewa an yi niyya ba a kan jirgin sama ba, amma a kan tanki. Kamar T7, tagwayen injunan Cadillac an ɗora su don sauƙaƙe kulawa. Af, an zaɓi Cadillac don samar da taro na T24 daidai saboda T24 da M5A1 suna da wutar lantarki iri ɗaya.
A kan T24, an yi amfani da dakatarwar torsion mashaya na karkashin kaho na M18 mai lalata tanki. Akwai ra'ayi cewa masu zanen Jamusawa ne suka ƙirƙira wannan nau'in dakatarwa, a zahiri, an ba da takardar izinin Amurka don dakatar da torsion a cikin Disamba 1935 zuwa WE Preston da J.M.). Motar da ke ƙarƙashin na'urar ta ƙunshi ƙafafu guda biyar masu rufin roba da diamita na 1946 cm, motar gaba da sitiya (a kan jirgin). Nisa na waƙoƙin ya kai 63,5 cm. Jikin T24 an yi shi da karfen birgima. Matsakaicin kauri na sassan gaba ya kai 63,5 mm. A wasu wurare marasa mahimmanci, sulke ya fi bakin ciki - in ba haka ba tankin ba zai dace da nau'in haske ba. Babban murfin da za'a iya cirewa a cikin takardar gaban mai karkata ya ba da dama ga tsarin sarrafawa. Direban da mataimakinsa suna da controls overlapping a wurinsu.
A watan Yuli 1944, T24 aka daidaita a karkashin nadi M24 haske tank da kuma samu sunan "Chaffee" a cikin sojojin. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 1945, an riga an gina 4070 na waɗannan injuna. Dangane da manufar ƙungiyar gwagwarmayar haske, masu zanen Amurkawa sun ƙera manyan bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu bisa tushen M24 chassis, wanda mafi ban sha'awa shine T77 Multi-ganga ZSU: sabon turret mai ganga shida. An shigar da mashin bindiga mai girman caliber 24 akan ma'auni na M12,7 chassis, wanda aka yi ƙananan gyare-gyare. mm. A wata hanya, wannan inji ya zama samfurin na zamani, kuma shida ganga, anti-jirgin sama tsarin "Volcano".
Bayan yakin, "Chaffee" yana aiki tare da sojojin kasashe da yawa kuma ya shiga cikin tashin hankali a Koriya da Indochina. Wannan tanki ya yi nasarar tinkarar aiwatar da ayyuka iri-iri kuma ya zama tushen gwaji da yawa. Don haka, alal misali, an shigar da hasumiya na tankin Faransa AMX-24 akan chassis M13; a wurin gwajin da ke Aberdeen, an gwada gyare-gyaren M24 tare da dakatar da wani tarakta mai nauyin tan 12 na Jamus tare da caterpillars na kashi uku cikin hudu na chassis, duk da haka, lokacin da samfurin ke motsawa daga kan hanya, sakamakon gwajin bai kasance ba. gamsarwa; An shigar da bindiga mai girman 24mm tare da lodi ta atomatik akan shimfidar M76, amma abubuwa ba su wuce wannan gwaji ba; kuma, a ƙarshe, nau'in "anti-ma'aikata" na T31 da aka watsar da ma'adinan tarwatsawa a bangarorin biyu na tarkace don hana sojojin makiya kusanci kusa da tanki. Bugu da kari, an dora bindigogi biyu masu girman mm 12,7 a kan kwamandan kwamandan, wanda hakan ya kara karfin wuta da kwamandan tankar ke samu. Kididdigar da aka yi kan kwarewar Birtaniyya na fada a cikin Hamada ta Yamma a cikin 1942, lokacin da Sojoji na 8 suka yi amfani da M3, ya nuna cewa tankunan yaki na Amurka suna bukatar makamai masu karfi. A cikin tsari na gwaji, a maimakon na'ura, an sanya bindigar tanki mai tsawon mm 8 akan bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu na M75. Gwajin wuta ya nuna yuwuwar ba M5 kayan aiki da bindiga mai girman 75mm.
Na farko daga cikin nau'ikan gwaji guda biyu, wanda aka kera T24, an gabatar da shi ga sojoji a watan Oktoba 1943, kuma ya zama mai nasara sosai cewa nan da nan ATC ta amince da odar masana'antu don motoci 1000, daga baya ya karu zuwa 5000. Cadillac da Massey-Harris sun ɗauki. sama samar, tare samar daga Maris 1944 har zuwa karshen yakin 4415 motoci (ciki har da kai-propelled bindigogi a kan su chassis), korar da M5 jerin motocin daga samarwa. Ayyukan aikin
Injin gwaji da sauran ayyuka:T24E1 wani gwaji ne na T24 wanda injin Continental R-975 ke aiki kuma daga baya tare da tsawaita igwa 75mm tare da birki na muzzle. Tun da M24 ya zama mai nasara sosai tare da injin Cadillac, babu wani aikin da aka yi tare da wannan injin. |
An fara samar da tanki na M24 a shekarar 1944. An yi niyya ne don amfani da shi a cikin rukunin bincike na sojoji da na sojoji masu sulke, da kuma a cikin sojojin da ke tashi sama. Kodayake sabuwar motar ta yi amfani da raka'o'in M3 da M5 daban-daban (misali, akwatin gear da haɗaɗɗen ruwa), tankin M24 ya bambanta sosai da waɗanda suka gabace shi a cikin sifar ƙwanƙwasa da turret, ƙarfin makamai, da ƙirar ƙanƙanin kaya. An welded ƙugiya da turret. Farantin sulke sun yi kusan kauri ɗaya da na jerin M5, amma suna a kusurwoyi mafi girma na karkata zuwa tsaye.
