kwamfutocin laser

Gudun agogon na'urori masu sarrafawa 1 GHz shine ayyuka biliyan daya a cikin dakika daya. Da yawa, amma mafi kyawun samfura a halin yanzu da ake samu ga matsakaitan mabukaci sun riga sun sami nasara sau da yawa. Idan yayi sauri... sau miliyan fa?

Wannan shi ne abin da sabuwar fasahar kwamfuta ta yi alkawari, ta yin amfani da nau'ikan hasken laser don canzawa tsakanin jihohi "1" da "0." Wannan yana zuwa daga lissafi mai sauƙi sau quadrillion a sakan daya.

A cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a cikin 2018 kuma aka bayyana a cikin mujallar Nature, masu bincike sun harba igiyoyin laser infrared a cikin tsararrun saƙar zuma na tungsten da selenium (1). Wannan ya sa haɗin guntu na silicon ya canza tsakanin sifili da jihohi ɗaya, kamar na'ura mai sarrafa kwamfuta ta al'ada, sau miliyan kawai da sauri.

Ta yaya hakan ya faru? Masana kimiyya sun bayyana wannan a hoto, suna nuna cewa electrons a cikin saƙar zuma na ƙarfe suna nuna hali "na ban mamaki" (ko da yake ba haka ba). Lokacin da farin ciki, waɗannan barbashi suna tsalle tsakanin jihohi daban-daban, da ake kira "karya-kadi".

Masu bincike sun kamanta shi da injin tuƙa da aka gina a kewayen kwayoyin halitta. Suna kiran waɗannan waƙoƙin "kwaruruka" kuma suna bayyana yadda ake murƙushe waɗannan jahohi masu juyawa da cewa "dolinatronica » (S).

Electrons suna zumudi da bugun laser. Dangane da polarity na infrared bugun jini, sun "mallaka" daya daga cikin yiwuwar "kwaruruka" guda biyu a kusa da atom na lattice na karfe. Nan da nan waɗannan jihohin biyu suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da lamarin a cikin ilimin kimiyyar sifili-daya.

Hopping Electron yana da sauri sosai, a cikin zagayowar na biyu na femtosecond. Kuma a nan ya ta'allaka ne ga sirrin saurin saurin tsarin laser.

Bugu da ƙari, masana kimiyya suna jayayya cewa saboda tasirin jiki, waɗannan tsarin suna, a cikin ma'ana, a cikin jihohi biyu a lokaci guda (superposition), wanda ke haifar da dama ga. Masu bincike sun jaddada cewa duk wannan yana faruwa a cikin zafin dakinyayin da yawancin kwamfutocin da ke akwai suna buƙatar tsarin sanyaya qubits zuwa yanayin zafi kusa da sifili.

"A cikin dogon lokaci, muna ganin ainihin yuwuwar ƙirƙirar na'urori masu ƙididdigewa waɗanda ke aiwatar da ayyuka da sauri fiye da motsi ɗaya na igiyar haske," in ji mai binciken a cikin wata sanarwa. Rupert Huber, Farfesa na Physics a Jami'ar Regensburg, Jamus.

Duk da haka, masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su yi wani ainihin ƙididdiga ayyuka ta wannan hanya, don haka ra'ayin da jimla kwamfuta aiki a cikin dakin zafin jiki ya kasance zalla ka'idar. Hakanan ya shafi ikon sarrafa kwamfuta na yau da kullun na wannan tsarin. An nuna aikin oscillations kawai kuma ba a yi aikin ƙididdiga na gaske ba.

An riga an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje irin na wadanda aka bayyana a sama. A cikin 2017, an buga bayanin binciken a cikin Nature Photonics, gami da Jami'ar Michigan a Amurka. A can, 100-femtosecond bugun jini na hasken Laser an wuce ta cikin wani semiconductor crystal don lura da yanayin electrons. A matsayinka na mai mulki, abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin tsarin kayan sun kasance daidai da waɗanda aka bayyana a baya. Waɗannan su ne sakamakon ƙididdiga.

Hasken kwakwalwan kwamfuta da perovskites

Yi"Kwamfutar Laser na jimla » ana yi masa daban. Oktoban da ya gabata, ƙungiyar binciken Amurka-Japan-Australia ta nuna tsarin kwamfuta mai nauyi. Maimakon qubits, sabuwar hanyar tana amfani da yanayin zahiri na katako na Laser da lu'ulu'u na al'ada don canza katako zuwa wani nau'in haske na musamman da ake kira "hasken da aka matse."

Don jihar tari don nuna yuwuwar ƙididdige ƙididdigewa, dole ne a auna laser ta wata hanya, kuma ana samun wannan ta amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta madubai, masu fitar da katako, da fiber na gani (2). Ana gabatar da wannan hanyar a kan ƙaramin sikelin, wanda baya samar da isassun saurin ƙididdiga. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun ce samfurin yana da ƙima kuma manyan sifofi na iya samun fa'ida ta ƙididdigewa fiye da ƙididdigewa na yanzu da kuma tsarin binary.

2. Laser biams wucewa ta hanyar hadaddun cibiyar sadarwa na madubai

"Yayin da na'urorin sarrafa ƙididdiga na yanzu suna da ban sha'awa, ba a sani ba ko za a iya daidaita su zuwa girma sosai," in ji Science Today. Nicolas Menicucci, mai bincike mai shiga a Cibiyar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdiga (CQC2T) a Jami'ar RMIT a Melbourne, Australia. "Tsarin mu yana farawa da matsananciyar haɓakawa da aka gina a cikin guntu tun farko saboda na'ura mai sarrafa, wanda ake kira jihar tari, an yi shi da haske."

Hakanan ana buƙatar sabbin nau'ikan laser don tsarin photonic ultrafast (duba kuma:). Masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Tarayya mai nisa ta Gabas (FEFU) - tare da abokan aikin Rasha daga Jami'ar ITMO, da kuma masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Texas a Dallas da Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya - sun ruwaito a cikin Maris 2019 a cikin Mujallar ACS Nano cewa sun sami ci gaba. ingantacciyar hanyar samarwa da sauri da arha perovskite Laser. Amfaninsu akan sauran nau'ikan shine cewa suna aiki da ƙarfi sosai, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga kwakwalwan kwamfuta na gani.

“Fasaharmu na bugu Laser na halide yana ba da hanya mai sauƙi, mai tsada da sarrafawa sosai don samar da nau'ikan laser perovskite iri-iri. Mahimmanci, haɓakar ilimin lissafi a cikin tsarin bugu na Laser yana ba da damar samar da ingantaccen microlasers na perovskite-daidaitacce a karon farko (3). Irin waɗannan lasers suna da alƙawarin haɓaka na'urori daban-daban na optoelectronic da nanophotonic, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, da sauransu, ”in ji Alexey Zhishchenko, mai bincike a cibiyar FEFU, a cikin littafin.

3. Perovskite Laser katako

Tabbas, ba za mu ga kwamfutoci na sirri "suna gudana akan lasers" kowane lokaci nan da nan ba. Ya zuwa yanzu, gwaje-gwajen da aka kwatanta a sama hujjoji ne na ra'ayi, ba ma samfura na tsarin kwamfuta ba.

Duk da haka, saurin da haske da hasken laser ke bayarwa yana da jaraba ga masu bincike, sa'an nan kuma injiniyoyi, suyi watsi da wannan hanya.