Lavochkin-La-7
Lavochkin La-7
La-5FN ya kasance jarumi mai nasara kuma yayi aiki na musamman don aikin maye gurbin itace. A bangaren gaba, har yanzu hakan bai wadatar ba, musamman ganin cewa Jamusawa ba su zauna ba, suna gabatar da ingantattun mayakan Messerschmitt da Focke-Wulf cikin hidima. Ya zama dole a nemo hanyar da za a inganta aikin La-5FN, kuma kada a kaddamar da sabon jirgin sama gaba daya a cikin jerin. Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne, amma Semyon Alexandrovich Lavochkin ya jimre da shi.
A cikin bazara-kaka na 1943, S.A. Lavochkin yayi aiki sosai don inganta mayaƙinsa na La-5FN tare da injin ASh-82FN. Ya san cewa za a iya samun ci gaban ayyuka ta hanyoyi uku: ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kuma rage nauyi da ja da iska. An rufe hanyar farko da sauri saboda rashin sa'a na injin M-71 (2200 hp). Duk abin da ya rage shi ne rage nauyi da kuma gyare-gyaren aerodynamic sosai. An gudanar da waɗannan ayyuka tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Aerohydrodynamics ta tsakiya. Za a yi amfani da sakamakonsu wajen aikin wani mayaka na zamani, wanda za'a gina nau'ikan samfura biyu bisa ga aikin da Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Jama'a ta kafa a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1943.
Da farko, an rufe rumbun aerodynamic na injin. Me yasa? Saboda iskar, samun karkashin casing na ikon naúrar, zafi sama a ciki, sanyaya da zafi Silinda. Don haka, matsi na wannan iska yana ƙaruwa, kuma yana ƙoƙarin fita waje. Idan ya fito daga ƙarƙashin labule, saurinsa daidai yake da girma, wanda ke ba da wani tasiri na sake dawowa, wanda aka cire daga ja da iska na jirgin sama, yana rage shi. Duk da haka, idan murfin ba ya da iska kuma iska ta fita ta hanyar da ake da shi, to, ba wai kawai wannan tasirin sake dawowa ba ne, amma iskar da ke gudana ta cikin gibin yana haifar da tashin hankali, wanda ke ƙara juriya na iska da ke gudana a kusa da akwati. Babban canji na biyu ga mayaƙan da aka haɓaka shi ne cewa an motsa na'urar sanyaya mai zuwa baya, daga ƙarƙashin murfin injin injin, ƙarƙashin fuselage, a bayan gefen reshe. Har ila yau, wannan canji ya taimaka wajen rage ja, tun da radiators ba ya faru a gaban haɗin fuka-fuka, amma a bayan reshe. Kamar yadda ya fito a cikin binciken, duka mafita sun ba da gudummawar raguwar ja, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka mafi girman saurin 24 km / h - rufe murfin injin da ta 11 km / h - canja wurin radiator, watau. 35 km/h.
Lokacin shirya fasahar serial don rufe murfin injin, an kuma yanke shawarar rage ramukan samun iska a bayan murfin sashin wutar lantarki, an rufe shi da labule. Karamin magudanar ruwa yana nufin ƙarancin sanyaya, amma aikin AS-82FN ya nuna cewa ba shi da yuwuwar yin zafi fiye da ASh-82F, kuma wannan ba shi da haɗari. A lokaci guda kuma, injin ɗin ya karɓi bututun shaye-shaye na kowane mutum maimakon fitar da iskar gas ta hanyar iska na bututu 10 (a kan La-5FN, silinda takwas suna da bututu guda ɗaya don silinda biyu kuma shida ɗaya ne). Godiya ga wannan, yana yiwuwa a ɗaga ƙananan gefuna na masu ɓarna a gaba daga saman saman reshe a mahaɗin tare da fuselage, da kuma motsa yankin tashin hankali na iska (iskar da ke gudana daga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ta cika da vortices). . nesa da reshe.
Bugu da kari, an matsar da iskar injin din daga sama na casing na na'urar wutar lantarki zuwa kasan, wanda ya inganta hangen nesa daga jirgin kuma ya sauƙaƙa wa matukin jirgin, an gabatar da ƙarin murfin saukar da kayan saukarwa rufe ƙafafun gaba ɗaya bayan an ja da su, gyara canjin fuka-fuka da cire eriyar tashar rediyo ta mast ta hanyar gabatar da eriya mara ƙarfi a cikin wutsiya ta tsaye. Bugu da ƙari, an ƙara diyya mai tsayin axial daga 20% zuwa 23%, wanda ya rage ƙoƙari akan sandar sarrafawa. Wadannan mafita sun ba da gudummawar ƙarin raguwa a cikin ja da iska, wanda ya haifar da haɓakar saurin gudu ta wani 10-15 km / h.
Duk waɗannan canje-canje an yi su ne a kan La-5FN da aka sake ginawa mai lamba 39210206. Binciken da ya yi a Cibiyar Gwajin Jirgin Sama na Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Jama'a a filin jirgin sama na Zhukovsky ya fara ne a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1943, amma gwajin jirgin ya ci tura na dogon lokaci. lokaci saboda tsananin yanayi . Ba ta fara tashi ba sai ranar 30 ga Janairu, 1944, amma saboda gazawar da aka yi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, ba a yi jirage da yawa a cikinsa ba. Pilot Nikolai V. Adamovich dole ne ya bar jirgin tare da parachute bayan gobarar da ba za ta iya kashewa ba.
A halin da ake ciki, an kammala sake gina La-5FN na biyu, wanda ke da lambar serial 45210150 kuma ya karɓi nadi La-5 na tsarin serial na 1944. Ya kamata a lura cewa, ba kamar samfurori na baya ba, wanda aka yi amfani da mafita na mutum ɗaya, a wannan lokacin an canza sunan ma'aikata na nau'in z. "39" (La-5FN tare da spar reshe na katako) ko "41" (La-5FN tare da spar reshe na ƙarfe) zuwa "45". A cikin wannan motar, an kuma rufe murhun injin ɗin, an raba iskar da injin ɗin zuwa tashoshi biyu kuma an tura shi zuwa sassan fuselage na sashin tsakiya (haɓaka biyu a bangarorin biyu na fuselage sannan an haɗa su a saman, daga ina ne. An kai iskan zuwa injin kwampreso ta iska ta hanyar iskar iska) da shingen ƙarfe, wanda aka haɗa ƙarin haƙarƙarin katako da katako na katako na delta. Wani sabon abu shine VISz-105W-4 propeller, wanda ke da tukwici na ruwa tare da bayanin martaba na musamman don rage juriya na tukwici, yana gabatowa da saurin sauti cikin sauri. Wani canji kuma shi ne amfani da bindigogin B-20 guda uku maimakon SP-20 (ShVAK), duka caliber 20 mm. Babban ginshiƙan kayan saukarwa sun kasance 8 cm tsayi fiye da La-5FN, kuma ƙafafun baya sun fi guntu. Wannan ya kara madaidaicin filin ajiye motoci da juriyar jujjuyawa lokacin da aka kara mashin din da sauri a tashinsa, ko kuma a kan birki da karfi yayin saukarwa.
