Lavochkin La-5
La-5 mai zaman kujeru guda daya a lokacin Babban Yakin Kishin Kasa.
Jirgin sojan Soviet La-5 na Babban Yakin Kishin Kasa ya ɓullo da shi a ofishin zane na Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin a matsayin mai gyarawa da magajin LaGG-3, mayaƙin katako wanda aka sanye da M-dimbin sanyaya ruwa. inji. Injin layi 105. Sabon jirgin ya banbanta da nau'in da ya gabata musamman a cikin sabon injin radial M-82.
A farkon rabin na Babban Patriotic War, babban matsalar mayakan Soviet shine rashin injunan da suka dace da rashin ingancin aikin su. Rashin isasshen ikon da ake samu na tsarin motsa jiki bai ba da damar samun halayen da ake buƙata ba - babban jirgin sama da hawan hawan da ake bukata don kafa daidaitaccen yaki tare da abokan gaba. Saboda haka, kadan more bukatar a ce game da pre-yaki Soviet injuna da kansu.
Har zuwa ƙarshen 20s, masana'antar injin jirgin Soviet ta haɓaka sannu a hankali. A lokacin wannan lokaci, daya kawai nasara engine da aka tsara da kuma tauraro M-11 M-1892 da Arkady Dmitrievich Shevchenov (1953-4), wanda aka gina a shuka No. 1924 (kafa ta Faransa kamfanin Salmson kafin Duniya. Yaki). Ina cikin Moscow. Tun 1921, A.D. Shvetsov, wanda ya kammala digiri na Makarantar Fasaha ta Jihar Moscow a cikin 11, ya zama babban injiniya na wannan shuka, duk da haka, a gaskiya, kawai ya kula da ci gaban injin, kuma Nikolai Vasilyevich Okroshenko shine ainihin mai zane. Silinda biyar M-100 tare da ikon 2 hp An yi niyya don horar da jirgin sama kuma an fi saninsa da almara Po-1930 "maize" (an samar da wannan injin a cikin USSR a 1952-XNUMX).
Na farko asali na Soviet high-power engine shi ne M-34, wanda Alexander Alekseevich Mikulin ya ɓullo da (1895-1985), jikan sanannen aerodynamicist Nikolai Evgenievich Zhukovsky. Duk da cewa bai taba kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kyiv ba, sakamakon barkewar yakin duniya na farko, a shekarar 1923 ya zama mataimaki na bincike a Cibiyar Binciken Motoci da Injiniya da ke birnin Moscow, inda ya zama mai kera injunan jirage bayan shekaru biyu. A nan a cikin 1928 ya fara aiki akan injin V-injin mai sanyaya ruwa mai silinda 12. A 1930, ya koma tare da aikinsa zuwa Cibiyar Jiragen Sama (daga baya Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Jiragen Sama), wanda kuma yake a Moscow, ba da nisa da Motar No. 4. An gwada injin M-34 don dynamometer a ciki. 1932. l ya ba da ikon tashi daga 45,8 hp. A farko batu na ci gaban M-800 shi ne Jamus BMW VI engine, samar a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin M-34, wanda, duk da haka, yana da girma girma a kowace lita saboda ya fi girma fistan bugun jini a hagu jere, saboda. zuwa yin amfani da manyan sandunan haɗin kai a jere ɗaya da kuma ɗokin haɗin haɗin kai a cikin wani daban. M-17 yana da sandunan haɗi iri ɗaya da bugun fistan iri ɗaya a cikin layuka biyu. Haɗa sanduna M-34 (BMW VI) da aka yi amfani da na gaba model AM-17 (35 hp), da ƙaura wanda aka haka ya karu zuwa 1200 lita, da kuma hagu bankin cylinders sake da wani dogon bugun jini fiye da dama jere. Wannan injin a cikin sigar samarwa na AM-36,8A ya samar da 35 hp. Ya kamata a nanata a nan cewa, ci gaban da M-1350, na farko nasara Soviet high-power jirgin engine, ya sa A.A.. Mikulin ya amince da shi, kuma daga wannan lokacin ya fara sanya na'urorinsa a matsayin AM-34, bayan baqaqen nasa. ba daidaitaccen M daga injin ba. AM-34A, wanda aka samar a shuka No. 35 a Moscow (wanda aka halicce shi a sakamakon haɗewar injin injin No. 24 da No. 2, duka Moscow) an yi amfani da shi musamman akan mayaka MiG-4 (har ila yau a kan manyan bama-bamai na Pe-3). ), da kuma sigar sa tare da haɓakar sauri, ƙimar matsawa mafi girma, amma ƙananan saurin kwampreso da ƙananan ƙarfin haɓakawa (8 maimakon 1,4 ATM), wanda ake kira AM-1,9, an ƙirƙira shi da yawa don jirgin harin Il-38 (yana mai da hankali kan ƙara haɓakar samar da injunan irin wannan nau'in da inganta sigogi, an dakatar da ci gaban samfurin AM-2 tare da iyakar ƙarfin 37 hp, wanda aka yi niyya don mayakan MiG-1500 da masu tayar da bama-bamai na Tu-7). A karshen yakin, an sanya injin AM-2 mafi ƙarfi a cikin samarwa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi akan jirgin harin Il-42.
Duk sauran injunan jiragen saman Soviet na zamanin kafin yakin an samar dasu kai tsaye daga injunan kasashen waje wanda aka sayi lasisi. A 1933, an yanke shawarar cewa saboda rashin ci gaban nasu kayayyaki a 1930-1932. (Ba abin mamaki ba, sun fara kusan daga karce) don siyan lasisi don injunan da suka dace a ƙasashen waje don kada su dakatar da haɓakar jirgin sama. Ɗaya daga cikin lasisin da aka samu a wancan lokacin shine na injiniyan Faransa Hispano-Suiza 12Y, a cikin nau'i na brs na masu tayar da bama-bamai da crs ga mayaka (wanda aka saba da su don shigar da igwa a cikin injin injin, yana harbe ta cikin shingen gearbox zuwa tsakiyar sashin. na propeller hub). Injin silinda 12 ne mai nau'in V, amma ƙarami da haske fiye da ƙirar A. A. Mikulin. Injin a cikin ƙirar tushe ya samar da ƙarfin farawa na 860 hp. Shuka No. 26 a Rybinsko an yi niyya don samar da serial. An yi amfani da injunan M-100 akan masu bama-bamai na gaba-gaba na SB. Ba da da ewa, wani ingantacciyar sigar M-103 ya bayyana, wanda aka haɓaka a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Vladimir Yurevich Klimov, tare da haɓakar matsawa da sauri, wanda ya ba da damar haɓaka iko zuwa 960 hp. An shigar da injin akan nau'ikan na SB bomber da kuma Yak-2 sojojin. A 1940, samar a Rybinsk, sa'an nan kuma a masana'antu No. 16 a Voronezh da kuma No. 27 a Kazan, samu wani gagarumin inganta model M-105, a cikin abin da biyu ci bawuloli da Silinda da elongated fistan da aka gabatar, kazalika da mafi kyawun kayan. an yi amfani da su don ƙara ƙara yawan matsawa da sauran canje-canje masu yawa. Injin ya haɓaka ƙarfin tashi 1100 hp, kuma samfurin samfurin M-105PF-2 na baya yana da ƙarfin 1360 hp. A shekarar 1944, a cikin yarda da cancantar V.J. Klimov, ya aka ba da hakkin ya yi alama da injuna da baqaqen "WK", da kuma M-105 (WK-105) engine ya zama mafi m Soviet engine na yakin duniya na biyu. - a 1947, an samar da raka'a 75 a masana'antu uku. A cikin Oktoba 250, Plant No. 1941 daga Voronezh aka kwashe zuwa Ufa, kuma Plant No. 16 daga Rybinsk zuwa Kazan, inda Plant No. 26 aka makala da shi. Kusan dukkanin mayakan Yak-27, Yak-1, Yak-3, Yak-7), da kuma mayakan LaGG-9 da aka riga aka ambata da kuma Pe-3 sun nutse.
