Mussolini ta hannu. Tankuna na Masarautar Italiya a 1917-1945
Hanya ta gaba a cikin ci gaban matsakaiciyar tankunan Italiya ita ce M14/41, mafi girma (raka'a 895) motar Italiyanci a cikin nau'in ta.
Ana tunawa da sojojin ƙasa na Italiya a yakin duniya na biyu a matsayin karin magana ga ƴan ƙawayen ƙawance, waɗanda Afirka Korps na Jamus kaɗai suka cece su. Wannan ra'ayi bai cancanci gaba ɗaya ba, tun da rashin nasarar ya rinjayi, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ta hanyar ma'aikatan umarni mara kyau, matsalolin kayan aiki, kuma a ƙarshe, ƙananan ƙarancin kuma ba kayan aiki na zamani ba, haka ma, sulke.
A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, sojojin Italiya ba su yi wani abu da yawa a gaban tsaunuka ba. Ta sami wasu nasarori a kan sojojin Austro-Hungarian, amma ta hanyar jawo manyan sojojin na karshen a wasu bangarori. Duk da haka, ko da yaushe ya zo a kan kudin da babban hasara (ba a ma maganar cin nasara da kuma ya faru), ko da a karshe manyan yaƙi na Vittorio Veneto a ranar 24 ga Oktoba - 3 ga Nuwamba, 1918, wanda Italiyanci (tare da goyon bayan). sauran jihohin Entente) sun rasa kusan mutane 40 XNUMX. Mutane.
Wannan lamarin ya dan tuno da irin ayyukan da ake yi a Yammacin Gabar Yamma, inda ake fama da yakin basasa. A gabashin Faransa, dabarun kutsawa Jamus a gefe guda, da kuma daruruwan tankunan yaki na Birtaniya da na Faransa, sun taimaka wajen tsayawa tsayin daka. Duk da haka, a gaban Alpine, amfani da su yana da wuyar gaske, tun da yake an yi yakin a cikin ƙasa mai tsaunuka, a kan gangara, kololuwa da kuma tsakanin kunkuntar hanyoyi. An yi ƙoƙarin gina tankin nasu tun shekara ta 1915, amma shawarwarin masana'antu kamar babban tanki mai nauyi na Forino Mobile Tipo Pesante, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Italiya ta ƙi amincewa da ita. Duk da haka, a farkon 1917, an samo tankin Faransa Schneider CA 1, godiya ga kokarin Kyaftin C. Alfredo Bennicelli. Har ila yau, masana'antar Italiya ta yi ƙoƙarin gina tanki na kanta, wanda ya haifar da gazawar FIAT 2000, aikin Testuggine Corazzata Ansaldo Turrinelli Modello I da Modello II (na karshen a kan raka'a hudu na sa ido!) Kuma babban Torpedino mai nauyi, wanda Ansaldo ya gina. . Gwaje-gwaje masu nasara na CA 1 sun haifar da oda don 20 karin Schneiders da 100 Renault FT tankunan haske a cikin fall na 1917, amma an soke odar saboda rashin nasara a yakin Caporetto (yaki a kan kogin Piava). Duk da haka, a watan Mayu 1918, Italiya ta sami wani tanki na CA 1 da dama, mai yiwuwa tankunan FT guda uku, daga abin da aka halicci rukunin farko na gwaji da horo a cikin sojojin Italiya a lokacin rani na 1918: Reparto speciale di marcia carri d'assalto. (Nau'in na musamman na motocin yaƙi). ; A tsawon lokaci, CA 1 aka maye gurbinsu da FIAT 2000). A musayar, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar lasisi tsakanin masana'antun Renault da FIAT don samar da tankunan FT 1400, amma a ƙarshen yakin an ba da kwafin 1 kawai (bisa ga wasu rahotanni, wani ɓangare saboda laifin Faransanci, wanda ya kasance a cikin wani yanki na Faransa). sun kasa tallafawa farkon samarwa; a cewar wasu kafofin, Italiyanci sun mayar da hankali kan aikin kansu kuma sun watsar da FT). Ƙarshen yakin duniya na farko ya nuna ƙarshen lokacin farko
ci gaban tankunan Italiya.
Tsarin sulke na farko na Italiyanci
Italiyanci sun zama masu sha'awar batun samun "matsuguni" ta wayar hannu, wanda ya kamata ya tallafa wa sojojin da ke kai hari kan ramuka da wuta. A cikin 1915-1916, an fara shirye-shiryen ayyuka da yawa. Duk da haka, caterpillar traction ba a fili bayani ga kowa da kowa - saboda haka, misali, da "tanki" hula. Luigi Guzalego, sojan bindigu ta sana'a, injiniya mai kishi. Ya ba da shawarar ƙirar na'ura mai tafiya, wanda tsarin tafiyarwa (yana da wuya a yi magana game da kayan aiki) ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i biyu na skis masu motsi tare da juna. Ita kanta kwandon ta kasance kashi biyu ne; a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren, an ba da shigar da na'urar motsa jiki, a cikin babba - sashin fada da "hannun" wanda ya kafa skis a cikin motsi.
Ko da mahaukacin aikin Eng. Carlo Pomilio daga 1918. Ya ba da shawarar motar sulke bisa ... tsarin tsakiya mai siliki wanda ke ɗaukar injin, ma'aikatan jirgin da sashin makamai (bindigogi masu haske guda biyu da aka sanya a gefen silinda). A kusa da silinda akwai akwati wanda ya haɗa sauran abubuwan zuwa gare ta, kuma a baya da gaba akwai ƙarin ƙafafun biyu (Silinda) na ƙaramin girman, wanda ya inganta yanayin kashe hanya.
Ba duk injiniyoyin Italiya ne suka kasance na asali ba. A cikin 1916, injiniyan Ansaldo Turnelli ya gabatar da Testuggine Corazzata Ansaldo Turinelli (Modello I) (mallakar Turinelli Model I Armored Kunkuru). Ya kamata ya kasance yana da nauyin ton 20 (watakila game da ton 40 idan an aiwatar da shi), tsawon 8 m (hull 7,02), fadin 4,65 m (hull 4,15) da tsawo na 3,08 m. suna da kauri na 50. mm, da makamai - 2 75-mm cannons a cikin hasumiya masu juyawa a gaba da baya na abin hawa, wanda ke kan rufin. A lokaci guda kuma, daga kowane gefe motar tana da madauki guda biyu don ba da makamai (RCM, ofishin zane, da sauransu). Za a samar da wutar lantarki ta injunan carburetor 200 hp. kowane, watsa wutar lantarki zuwa Soller-Mangiapan Electric Motors, yin ayyukan ainihin tuƙi da watsawa a cikin mutum ɗaya. Dakatarwar ya kamata ta ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i biyu na bogi, kowannensu ya toshe manyan ƙafafun hanyoyi guda biyu na haɗin gwiwa, kewaye da fadi (800-900 mm!) Caterpillars. An saka ƙarin ganguna masu motsi gaba da baya don ketare ramuka. Ya kamata ma'aikatan su ƙunshi mutane 10.
