Gwada tuƙi inda wasu basu isa ba

Ko da ma mafi yawan motocin da suke kan hanya ba za su iya daidaita da ikon tuki na ƙetare su ba. An tsara shi azaman motocin jin daɗi, ana samun samfuran ATV a cikin nau'uka daban-daban, ba kawai don wasanni ba, har ma a matsayin wuraren aiki da galibi bijimai.

ATV. Ga mutane da yawa, wannan ra'ayi gajarta ce ga jumlar Turanci duk abin hawa ƙasa, watau. Ana iya haɗawa da "motar gaba ɗaya" tare da wasu haɗe-haɗe na farko na mota da babur, wanda wasu rukunin mutane masu samun kudin shiga mai kyau suna jin daɗin yanayi. Kamar yadda ilmin halitta ya nuna, a lokuta da dama tsallake nau’in dabbobi guda biyu yana haifar da ‘ya’ya marasa haihuwa, amma ta haka ne ake haihuwar alfadari (wani nau’in jaki da bare) wanda yake da karfin doki da juriyarsa. jaki. Ee, a cikin wannan nau'i, kwatankwacin na iya aiki, amma a aikace, ATVs suna da nasu layin juyin halitta, a farkon wanda akwai babur. Kuma a matsayinsa na ɗan adam, wannan abin hawa ba kawai yana da tsararraki ba, amma ya sami damar canzawa zuwa yawancin rassan juyin halitta. A yau, fahimtar da ake yi wa ATV a matsayin abin hawa mai kujeru ɗaya tare da tsarin kafaɗa kusan buɗe, buɗe ƙafafun tare da manyan tayoyi, injin babur kuma babu abin wulakanci yana da iyakancewa a cikin ɗimbin bambancin da ke akwai a cikin wannan duniyar ta musamman. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da ƙananan ATVs na yara, motoci masu tuƙi biyu na baya, ATVs na wasanni, da samfurori masu yawa waɗanda suka kai girman ƙananan mota, suna da kujeru hudu da / ko dandamali na kaya, kuma sau da yawa injunan diesel. Na biyun ana amfani da su sosai a cikin sojoji, manoma, gandun daji, kuma saboda ƙayyadaddun su ana kiran su UTVs (daga Ingilishi. Waɗannan mataimaka ne na musamman ga mutane, galibi saboda iyawarsu ta wuce gona da iri, waɗanda ba za a iya auna su ba. da kowace abin hawa, lamarin da ke tsakanin ATV da UTV shi ne kallon gefe-da-gefe, inda fasinjoji biyu ke tsayawa gefe da gefe, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta inda akwai hudu, a cikin layuka biyu. Ana amfani da kalmar "ATV" sau da yawa tare da musanyawa. .

Kuma duk abin ya fara kusan kamar wasa

Wannan yankin da alama ba za a taɓa taɓa shi ba, kuma masu kera motoci ba sa bayyana kansu a ciki. Baya ga Honda, a zahiri sun ƙirƙiri ATV na aiki na farko a lokacin da har yanzu babura ke da babban kaso na kasuwancin kamfanin kuma babu wani kamfanin mota da ke ƙoƙarin kasancewa a wannan yankin. Anan masana'antun babur kamar Kawasaki, Suzuki da Yamaha, a gefe guda, da kamfanonin dusar ƙanƙara kamar Polaris da Arctic Cat, ɓangarorin manyan kamfanoni kamar Bombardier na Kanada, waɗanda ake kiran ATV ɗin su Can-Am, suna cikin abubuwan su. samar da taraktoci da makamantan ababen hawa. John Deere da Bobcat.

A gaskiya ma, an haifi fitattun ATV a yanzu a matsayin masu kafa uku, kuma ko da yake a cikin 1967 wani John Schlesinger ya kirkiro irin wannan abin hawa ga kamfanin lantarki Sperry-Rand, sannan ya sayar da haƙƙin mallaka ga New Holland (wanda mallakar Sperry-Rand). ) hakkin a kira shi mahaliccin serial na farko na quad yana da Honda. Kamar yadda tarihin kamfanin ya nuna, a shekarar 1967 daya daga cikin injiniyoyinsa, Osamu Takeuchi, sashen Amurka ya bukaci ya samar da wani abu da dillalai za su iya sayarwa a lokacin sanyi, lokacin da ake ajiye yawancin kekunan a gareji. Takeuchi ya fito da ra'ayoyi da yawa da suka hada da 2, 3, 4, 5 da ma 6 ƙafafun. Ya juya cewa motar mai ƙafa uku tana da mafi daidaitattun halaye na duka - yana da kyau fiye da nau'ikan masu ƙafa biyu dangane da ikon giciye kan dusar ƙanƙara, sulke da ƙasa mai laka kuma yana da rahusa fiye da motocin da manyan motoci. adadin ƙafafun. Kalubalen shine a nemo tayoyin da suka dace don samar da jan hankali akan ƙasa mai laushi da dusar ƙanƙara. Takeuchi ya samu taimakon fina-finai na TV, musamman ma BBC Moon Buggy, wata karamar SUV mai kamshi da tayoyi masu girman gaske. An gina shi a cikin 1970 ta Honda, motar mai ƙafa uku tana da tsari wanda direban ke zaune a kan ATV (saɓanin samfurin Schlesinger wanda yake cikinsa) kuma ya zama sananne a cikin shekara ta gaba saboda shiga cikin fim ɗin. don James Bond "Diamonds sun kasance har abada" tare da Sean Connery.

An ƙirƙira ta asali don nishaɗi, daga baya za a sake canza sabuwar motar suna daga US90 zuwa ATC90 (don Duk Terrain Cycle ko duk babur ƙasa). ATC90 yana da tsayayyen dakatarwa kuma yana gyara ta tare da manyan tayoyin balloon. Rasa maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da masu ɗaukar girgiza ba su bayyana ba sai farkon 80s, wanda ya haifar da ɗan ƙaramin taya. Ko da a farkon shekarun tamanin, Honda ya ci gaba da jagorantar kasuwancin tare da ATC200E Big Red, wanda shine farkon ATV mai taya 1981 tare da aikace-aikacen aiki. Ƙarfin waɗannan motocin don isa kusan wuraren da ba za a iya shiga ba ya sanya su shahara sosai don buƙatu daban-daban a Amurka da Kanada, ba da daɗewa ba wasu 'yan wasa suka shiga cikin dabi'a kuma kasuwancin ya fara girma cikin sauri. Duk da haka, masu ƙirƙira a Honda ba su zauna a banza ba kuma sun sake yin mataki daya a gaban sauran - suna ƙirƙirar nau'ikan wasanni na farko wanda kusan za su sami rinjaye a kasuwa na dogon lokaci godiya ga ingantaccen shimfidawa da injuna masu dogara. A cikin 250, ATC18R ya zama farkon wasan motsa jiki tare da dakatarwar tricycle, birki na gaba da na baya; Motar tana da injin 1985 hp, kallon wasanni kuma har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mafi kyawun motocin irinta. A cikin 350, an sami injin sanyaya 350 cc huɗu mai bugun jini. CM da shugaban bawul huɗu - mafita wanda ke da gaske na musamman na wancan lokacin. Dangane da shi, samfurin ATCXNUMXX yana da tsayin dakatawa da ƙarin ƙarfin birki. Motocin Honda suna ci gaba da ingantawa, firam ɗin tubular ya zama mafi girman rectangular maimakon bayanan martaba, kuma tsarin lubrication yana canzawa don jure matsanancin motsi na tsaye.

Mamayar Japan

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, duk masana'antun ban da Suzuki sun ƙera injunan bugun jini biyu masu ƙarfi, amma babu wanda zai iya auna tallace-tallace tare da Honda, wanda ya riga ya gina babban suna a fagen. Kodayake Yamaha yana ba da Tri-Z YTZ250 tare da bugun bugun jini na 250cc. Duba kuma watsa mai sauri biyar ko shida, kuma Kawasaki ya fara samar da Tecate KTX250, kuma tare da injin bugun bugun jini da watsa mai sauri biyar ko shida, samfuran ATV na Honda a zahiri sun fi daidaito. A ƙasashen waje, mai sana'a na Amurka Tiger ya shiga kasuwa tare da nau'ikan ATVs daban-daban tare da ƙafafun uku da injunan Rotax mai bugun jini tare da ƙaura daga 125 zuwa 500 cm3. Tiger 500 ya zama ɗaya daga cikin samfuran mafi sauri na lokacin godiya ga 50 hp. ya kai babban gudun sama da 160 km/h - yana da haɗari ga wani abu mai buɗewa yana motsi akan ƙafafu uku. Koyaya, saboda dalilai daban-daban, kamfanin bai daɗe ba.

A haƙiƙa, haɓakar wutar lantarki ne ke nuna farkon ƙarshen na masu keken tricycle quads. Suna da rashin kwanciyar hankali da rashin tsaro fiye da masu kafa huɗu, kuma a cikin 1987 an hana sayar da su a wurare da yawa. Ko da yake suna da ƙarancin nauyi da ƙarancin juriya na tuƙi tare da duk fa'idodin da ke biyo baya, har yanzu suna buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwanƙwasa da ikon motsa jiki fiye da matukin jirgi, wanda dole ne ya dogara sosai don daidaitawa - salon tuƙi gabaɗaya ya bambanta da na na. ababan hawa hudu.

Haihuwar ATVs

Wani lokaci faɗuwa a wani yanki zai iya sa ka zama majagaba a wani. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ya faru da Suzuki, wanda ya fara hidimar ATVs. Na farko irinsa, QuadRunner LT125 ya bayyana a cikin 1982 kuma ƙaramin abin hawa ne na nishaɗi don masu farawa. Daga 1984 zuwa 1987, kamfanin kuma ya ba da wani ƙarami LT50 tare da injin 50cc. Dubi ATV na farko ya biyo baya tare da CVT watsa atomatik. Suzuki ya kuma fitar da wani mafi ƙarfi LT250R Quadracer wasanni quad mai taya huɗu, wanda aka sayar har zuwa 1992, kuma ya sami babban injin fasaha, dogon dakatarwa, injin sanyaya ruwa. Honda yana amsawa tare da FourTrax TRX250R, da Kawasaki tare da Tecate-4 250. Yana neman bambanta kansa ta hanyar dogaro da farko akan injunan sanyaya iska, Yamaha ya saki Banshee 350 tare da silinda mai sanyaya ruwa, injin bugun jini biyu daga RD350 babur. . Wannan quad ɗin ya shahara wajen yin tuƙi a kan ƙasa mai ƙaƙƙarfan laka, amma ya shahara sosai don hawan yashi.

Babban Kasuwanci - Amurkawa a cikin Wasan

A zahiri, daga wannan lokacin, babbar gasa tsakanin masana'antun ta fara ne tare da ƙaruwa a cikin kundin aiki da kuma girman ATVs da aka miƙa. A gefe guda, tallace-tallace sun fara girma cikin sauri. Suzuki Quadzilla yanzu haka yana dauke da injin 500cc. CM kuma zai iya yin tafiya a kan ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi a 127 km / h, kuma a cikin 1986 Honda FourTrax TRX350 4 × 4 ya shigo da zamanin watsawa biyu a cikin samfurin ATV. Ba da daɗewa ba wasu kamfanoni suka shiga aikinsu, kuma waɗannan injunan sun shahara sosai tsakanin mafarauta, manoma, ma'aikata a manyan wuraren gine-gine, a cikin gandun daji. Ya kasance a ƙarshen 80s da farkon 90s aka fara rarraba samfuran ATV cikin nishaɗi (wasanni) da aiki (Sport Utility har ma da girma da aiki UTV) ƙirar. Latterarshen na ƙarshe yawanci sun fi ƙarfi, mai yiwuwa kayan aiki biyu ne, na iya jan kayan da aka haɗe kuma sun ɗan yi hankali.

Kamfanin Amurka na farko da ya shiga kasuwancin ATV shine Polaris, wanda yanzu aka san shi da dusar ƙanƙara. Kamfanin Minnesota mai dusar ƙanƙara ya gabatar da Trailboss na farko a cikin 1984 kuma a hankali ya zama muhimmin abu a cikin masana'antar. A yau Polaris yana ba da mafi girman kewayon irin waɗannan motocin, daga ƙananan samfura zuwa manyan kujeru hudu kusa da gefe da UTV, gami da amfani da sojoji. Daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kamfanin, Edgar Hatin, daga baya ya balle daga gare ta kuma ya kafa kamfanin Arcric Cat, wanda a yau shi ma yana daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a wannan harka. Bangaren babur na kamfanin haɗin gwiwar Kanada Bombardier Corporation ya ƙaddamar da ATV na farko, Traxler, wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta ATV na Shekara bayan shekara guda. Tun daga 2006, ɓangaren babur na kamfanin ana kiransa CAN-Am. Kodayake manyan kamfanoni daga Japan da Amurka da aka ambata zuwa yanzu sun mamaye wannan kasuwa, ƙarin 'yan wasa sun fito a cikin' yan shekarun nan, galibi daga China da Taiwan. An kafa Kymco (Kwang Yang Motor Co. Ltd.) a 1963 kuma shine babban masana'antun babur a duniya, yana mai da hankali kan ATVs tun farkon karni na XNUMX. A yau, Kymco yana ba da ATVs da yawa kuma yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi tare da masana'antun kamar Kawasaki Heavy Industries da BMW. KTM kwanan nan ya shiga kasuwancin.

Rubutu: Georgy Kolev

A takaice

Kayan ATV

Sport ATV Gina tare da bayyananne kuma sauki manufa - don matsawa da sauri. Waɗannan motocin suna haɓaka da kyau kuma suna da kyakkyawar sarrafa kusurwa. Quads na wasanni suna gida akan hanyoyin mota, dunes dunes da kowane nau'in ƙasa maras kyau - ko'ina za a iya haɗa babban gudu da ƙarfi. Tare da ɗimbin kewayon samfura da na'urorin haɗi, da kuma ƙara yawan ayyukan babura, duk game da damar kuɗi ne.

Matasa ATV Idan kanaso ka gabatar da yaronka akan hanya, wannan shine mafita. Waɗannan nau'ikan ATVs ƙanana ne, masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, kuma kusan nau'ikan wasanni da ATVs suna aiki. Mafi yawansu suna da kayan aiki na musamman da ke haɗe da tufafin yara, don haka injin zai tsaya idan ya faɗi. Farashin su yayi ƙasa da ƙasa da na ATVs na yau da kullun.

Ana iya amfani da ATV mai amfani don duka aiki da annashuwa. Ko daidaitaccen ATV ne ko sanannen gefe-da-gefe, samfuran mai amfani suna aiki da yawa. Wadannan injunan sun fi karfin ATVs na wasanni, kuma galibinsu suna da dakatarwar baya mai zaman kanta don mafi girman yarda ta kasa don iya rike yankin mafiya wahala. Kayan aikin ATV masu amfani sun kasance sun fi kwanciyar hankali fiye da takwarorinsu na wasanni, kuma suna da tayoyi mafi girma saboda a iya canza ikon yadda yakamata zuwa saman mara daidai.

UTVs Waɗannan injunan suna ƙara shahara idan ana maganar tafiya a cikin ƙasa mara kyau. Suna ba da ayyuka masu ban mamaki kuma suna iya dacewa da kowane buƙatu. Ko kuna neman dutsen dune mai sauri, abin hawa mai kauri da ƙarfi tare da ɗaukar kaya, ko ma ƙirar lantarki shiru don sansanin farautar ku, zaku same su a cikin UTVs. Babban fa'idar samfuran UTV suna da akan ATVs na yau da kullun shine ikon ɗaukar ƙarin mutane - har zuwa shida a wasu sigogin.

Mafi shahararrun samfuran ATV a cikin shekarar da ta gabata

Kawasaki Teryx da Teryx4

Wannan samfurin UTV ɗin na mutane biyu ko huɗu na iya yin babban aiki kuma ya farantawa dangi rai. Ana amfani da shi ta injin mai-inji mai lamba 783cc da kuma tutar wuta.

Hanyar cat Arctic

Yanzu haka yana da injina na allura mai 700 cc wanda aka kera shi musamman don jikin wannan samfurin.

Kawasaki rancher

ATV mai ban mamaki mai amfani tare da injin silinda guda 420 cc. Akwatin gear irin na mota yana ba da izinin jagorar mai sauƙi ko sauyawar atomatik.

Honda Majagaba 700-4

Misalin yana ba da zaɓi tsakanin yankin kaya da ƙarin kujeru biyu. Injin yana da matsuguni na 686 cm3 da kuma tsarin allura.

Yamaha Viking

Wannan dokin aiki ya gaji karkanda kuma yana iya yin komai daga hasumiya mai hakowa zuwa jin daɗin hawan ƙasa. Yana iya ɗaukar har zuwa 270kg a cikin bayan kaya da kuma ja da 680kg da aka makala. Idan yanayi ya yi tsanani musamman, za ku iya kunna tsarin 4x4 kawai kuma za ku kasance lafiya.

Kawasaki YFZ450R

Sha'awar wasan quads kwanan nan an maye gurbin sha'awar wasan quads, amma Yamaha YZF450R samfuri ne mai daraja lokaci. Ya shahara a tsere daban-daban kuma sabon sigar yana da sabon ƙirar kama wanda ya sauƙaƙa don tuƙi.

Dan Wasan Polaris

Polaris yana ba da wannan samfurin a farashi mai sauƙi tare da ƙwarewar tuki ƙetare ƙasa. Matsayin injin yanzu 570 cm3, watsawa ta atomatik ce.

Polaris RZR XP1000

Wannan dodo mai hamada yana da karfin inji na 1,0 hp Pro-lita injin lita 107! Babu wata matsala da dakatarwar baya tare da 46 cm na tafiya da dakatarwar gaba tare da 41 cm ba zai iya magancewa ba, yayin da fitilun LED na gaba suna ba da kyakkyawan aikin dare.

Can-Am Maverick Max 1000

Wannan UTV ya haɗu da kujeru huɗu na dakatarwa huɗu da sanannen injin Injin Rotax 101 hp. Nau'in 1000R X xc yana da ƙarami a sawun kuma yana ba da damar amfani da tsaftatattun sarari a cikin gandun daji.

Kwanan nan, yawan ATVs ya zama babba, don haka a nan kawai za mu gabatar da samfuran daga manyan, sanannun sanannun masana'antun masana'antar.

Honda

ATтилита ATV: FourTrax Foreman, FourTrax Rancher, FourTrax Rubicon и FourTrax Recon.

Wasannin ATV: TRX250R, TRX450R da TRX700XX.

Kusa: Babban Red MUV.

kawasaki

ATV mai ban sha'awa: Grizzly 700 FI, Grizzly 550 FI, Grizzly 450, Grizzly 125 da Big Bear 400.

Wasannin ATV: Raptor 125, Raptor 250, Raptor 700, YFZ450X da YFZ450R.

UTV: Karkanda 700 и Rhino 450.

polar Star

ATV mai ban sha'awa: Dan wasa 850 XP, Dan Wasanni 550 XP, Dan Wasanni 500 HO da Dan Wasanni 400 HO.

Wasannin ATV: Haramtattun 525 IRS, Scrambler 500, Trail Blazer 330 da Trail Boss 330.

UTV: Ranger 400, Ranger 500, Ranger 800 XP, Ranger 800 Crew, Ranger Diesel, Ranger RZR 570, Ranger RZR 800, Ranger RZR 4 800 da Ranger RZR XP 900.

Suzuki

ATV Utility: KingQuad 400 FSi, KingQuad 400 ASi, KingQuad 500 da KingQuad 750.

Wasannin ATV: QuadRacer LT-R450, QuadSport Z400 da QuadSport Z250.

Kawasaki

ATV mai amfani: Brute Force 750, Brute Force 650, Prairie 360 ​​da Bayou 250.

Wasannin ATV: KFX450R da KFX700.

UTV: Teryx 750, Alfadari 600, Alfadari 610, Alfadari 4010, Alfadari 4010 Diesel и Alfadari 4010 Trans4x4.

Kwarin Arctic

ATV mai yawa: ThunderCat H2, 700 S, 700 H1, 700 TRV, 700 Super Duty Diesel, 650 H1, MudPro, 550 H1, 550 S da 366.

Wasannin ATV: 300DVX da XC450i.

UTV: Prowler 1000, Prowler 700 da Prowler 550.

Can-Am

ATV mai yawa: Outlander 400, Outlander MAX 400, Outlander 500, Outlander MAX 500, Outlander 650, Outlander 800R da Outlander MAX 800R.

ATV na wasanni: DS 450, DS 250, Renegade 500 da Renegade 800R.

UTV: Kwamanda 800R и Kwamanda 1000.

John Deere

UTV: Gator XUV 4 × 4 625i, Gator XUV 4 × 4 825i, Gator XUV 4 × 4 855D, Babban Ayyuka HPX 4 High 4 da Babban Ayyuka HPX Diesel 4 × 4.

kimco

ATV mai amfani: MXU 150, MXU 300, MXU 375 da MXU 500 IRS.

Wasannin ATV: Mongoose 300 da Maxxer 375 IRS.

UTV: UXV 500, UXV 500 SE da UXV 500 LE.

lynx

UTV: 3400 4 × 4, 3400XL 4 × 4, 3450 4 × 4, 3200 2 × 4, Kayan aiki na Kayan aiki 5600 Kayan aiki и Kayan aikin Kayan aiki na Kayan aiki 5610

Wasu

ATV mai amfani: Argo Avender 8 × 8, Tomberlin SDX 600 4 × 4, Bennche Gray Wolf 700.

Wasannin ATV: KTM SX ATV 450, KTM SX ATV 505, KTM XC ATV 450 da Hyosung TE 450.

UTV: Cub Cadet Volunteer 4 × 4 da Kubota RTV 900.