Cruiser tank "Alkawari" Tank Cruiser alkawari. Nuffield ne ya ƙera tankin Alƙawari a cikin 1939 sakamakon aikin dogon lokaci kan haɓaka hanyoyin fasaha da aka haɗa a cikin injin ɗin ɗan Amurka mai zane Christie. Ba kamar masu zane-zane na Soviet ba, waɗanda suka haɓaka asali na asali masu tayar da ƙafar ƙafa na Christie a cikin jerin BT, masu zanen Birtaniyya tun daga farkon sun samo asali ne kawai. Motar farko tare da irin nau'in Christie-type an sanya shi a cikin samarwa a ƙarƙashin sunan "Cruiser tank Mk IV" a cikin 1938 kuma an samar dashi har zuwa 1941. An yi la'akari da kariyar sulke na wannan tanki mai sauri da rashin isa kuma bayan samar da motoci 665 na irin wannan nau'in. , An saka jirgin ruwa Mk a cikin samarwa.V "Alkawari". Kamar wanda ya gabace shi, tankin alkawari yana da ƙafafun hanyoyi masu rufaffiyar roba guda biyar a kowane gefe, ƙafafun tuƙi masu hawa na baya da kuma ɗan ƙaramin ƙugiya. sulke zanen gado wanda aka haɗa tare da rivets. Makamai a cikin nau'i na igwa mai girman 40mm da kuma bindiga mai lamba 7,92mm coaxial yana cikin wata karamar hasumiya, farantin sulke wanda ke da manyan kusurwoyi na karkata. Mk V yana da sulke masu kyau don lokacinsa: sulke na gaba na tarkace da turret ya kasance kauri 40 mm, kauri na gefen kuma ya kai mm 30. Motar ta kasance a cikin samarwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma bayan samar da raka'a 1365, an maye gurbinsa a cikin samarwa ta jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu Mk VI "Crusider" tare da sulke mai ƙarfi. Ɗaliban sun kasance suna hidima tare da rundunonin tankokin yaƙi na ƙungiyoyin sulke. Bayan tafiyarsa zuwa Rasha a 1936, Laftanar Kanar Martel, mataimakin darektan Directorate of Motorization, shawara, ban da cruising, wani matsakaici tanki tare da makamai har zuwa 30 mm lokacin farin ciki da kuma high gudun, iya m mataki. Wannan shi ne sakamakon saninsa tare da T-28, wanda ke cikin sabis a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a cikin adadi mai yawa kuma an halicce shi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar tanki na Birtaniya 16-ton na 1929, ya ci gaba a kan wannan tushen. An zana buƙatun dabara da fasaha, an gina babban tsari, kuma a ƙarshe an yanke shawarar gina samfuran gwaji guda biyu tare da turret mutum uku amma tare da sauƙaƙe buƙatun Babban Ma'aikata. Sun karɓi sunayen A14 da A15 (daga baya A16), bi da bi. Landon-Midden da Scottish Railway sun gina samfurin farko bisa ga shirin da babban mai kula da kwata na Cibiyar Raya Tank ya yi. Motar tana da nau'in dakatarwa irin na Horteman, fuskar bangon waya, injin Thornycraft mai Silinda mai nau'in V mai siffar V 12 da kuma sabon haɓakar watsawar duniya. An sanya A16 zuwa Nafield, wanda ya burge Martel tare da saurin ci gaban tankin A13. A16 a zahiri yayi kama da gyare-gyare mai nauyi na A13. Tsarin tsari da turrets na A14 da A16 sun yi kama da na jerin A9/A10. A halin yanzu, a matsayin ma'auni na wucin gadi, an kawo makaman A9 har zuwa 30 mm (don haka ya zama samfurin A10), kuma an riga an ƙirƙiri A14 da A16 bisa ga buƙatun matsakaici (ko nauyi) tankuna. Gwajin A14 a farkon 1939 ya nuna cewa yana da surutu da kuma hadaddun inji, kamar yadda samfurin A13 ke da kauri iri ɗaya. Sa'an nan KM5 aka miƙa don dakatar da aiki a kan tsabar kudi na A14 kuma ya fara inganta aikin A13 - A13 M1s 111. Ya kasance game da haɓaka amfani da sassan A13 da majalisai, amma tare da aikin kiyaye kauri zuwa 30 mm, rage girman girman makamai. tsayin injin gabaɗaya. A cikin Afrilu 1939, an gabatar da samfurin katako na tanki ga abokin ciniki. Don rage tsayin bayanan abin hawa, an yi amfani da injin Flat 12 Meadows (gyara da aka yi amfani da shi akan tankin haske na Tetrarch) da kuma watsawar duniya biyu na Wilson (wanda aka yi amfani da shi akan A14). Idan aka kwatanta da A13 Mk II - ko kuma Mk IV cruiser tank - direban wurin zama da aka matsa zuwa dama, da kuma injin radiyo da aka sanya a gefen hagu a gaban kwalkwali. An isar da samfuran samarwa na farko a farkon 1940, amma ba su cika buƙatun ba saboda matsalolin sanyaya wanda ya haifar da rufewar injin mai zafi akai-akai. Ana buƙatar gyare-gyare iri-iri ga injin, amma matsalolin ƙira ba a taɓa samun nasara ba. Ayyukan da ba su da mahimmanci shi ne rage ƙayyadaddun matsa lamba a ƙasa saboda nauyin nauyi. A tsakiyar 1940 tanki samu wani hukuma sunan. "Alkawari" bisa ga al'adar Burtaniya na zayyana motocin yaki da aka gabatar a wancan lokacin. Jimillar samar da tankunan Alkawari ya kai motoci 1771, amma ba a taba yin amfani da su wajen yaki ba, duk da cewa sai a shekarar 1943 an yi amfani da su a sassan da ke Birtaniya a matsayin na horo. An tura wasu motocin zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya a cikin irin wannan aiki, wasu kuma an mayar da su zuwa gadaran gada. Aiki akan A14 da A16 kusan sun ƙare a ƙarshen 1939 kafin a haɗa samfuran na biyu na kowane nau'in. Ayyukan aikin Yaƙin nauyi 18,2 T Girma:   Length 5790 mm nisa 2630 mm tsawo 2240 mm Crew 4 mutane Takaita wuta 1 х 40 mm igwa 1 х 7,92 mm bindiga mashin Harsashi 131 harsashi 3750 zagaye Ajiye:   goshin goshi 40 mm hasumiya goshin 40 mm nau'in injin carburetor "Meadows" Matsakaicin iko 300 h.p. Girma mafi girma 48 km / h Tanadin wuta 150 km Canje-canje ga tanki na tafiye-tafiye na alkawari: "Alkawari" IV. "Covenanter" III tare da ƙarin ginannen radiyo masu sanyaya iska akan bangon bango. "Alkawari" C8 (tare da fihirisa daban-daban). Wasu daga cikin tankunan dai an yi su ne da abin hawa a maimakon bindigar da ta kai ta 2. Covenanter Tank Bridge, Bambancin gadar almakashi mai ƙafa 30 tare da nauyin nauyin tan 30, wanda aka ɗora kan tankuna daga 1936. Godiya ga ma'ajiyar wutar lantarki na Alkawari, a kan adadin motocin MK 1 da M1s II, maimakon rukunin fada, an sanya gadar almakashi tare da tudun ruwa da tsarin levers da injinan ruwa ke tukawa. An yi amfani da su musamman don horarwa da gwaje-gwaje tare da masu ginin gada da kuma akan chassis na Valentine. Gadar ta kasance tsawon ƙafa 34 da faɗin ƙafa 9,5. Yawancin waɗannan injinan Australiya sun yi amfani da su a Burma a cikin 1942. "Alkawari" AMCA. A shekara ta 1942, an yi amfani da Alkawari ne kawai don gwada sabuwar na'urar da aka ƙera ta na'urar na'ura, wadda aka makala a gaban tankin tanki don mayar da ita ta zama nakiyar mai sarrafa kanta. "Mai alkawari" KO (abin hawa mai lura), umarni da motocin dawo da kaya. Sources: G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia na Duniya Tankuna 1915 - 2000"; M. Baryatinsky. Motoci masu sulke na Burtaniya 1939-1945; David Fletcher, Peter Sarson: Tankin Crusader Cruiser 1939-1945; David Fletcher, Babban Takaddar Tanki - Armor na Burtaniya a yakin duniya na biyu; Janusz Ledwoch, Janusz Solarz Tankunan Burtaniya 1939-45.