Project 68K cruisers
Zheleznyakov a kan teku gwaji. Hoton jirgin da ke tafiya da sauri mai yiwuwa an ɗauka a cikin ƙarin mil. Jirgin ruwa na Soviet na ayyukan 26, 26bis, 68K da 68bis suna da kyawawan layi, tare da salon Italiyanci na hasumiya.
A tsakiyar 30s, an ɓullo da manyan tsare-tsare na gina jiragen ruwa masu tafiya teku a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Daga cikin azuzuwan ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa masu haske, waɗanda aka yi niyya don ayyuka a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƴan wasan saman gaba, suna da mahimmanci. Ba kamar jiragen ruwa na nau'in 26 "Kirov" da nau'in 26bis "Maxim Gorky" da aka riga aka gina a cikin gidajen ruwa na gida tare da taimakon Italiyanci, sababbi ya kamata su kasance da halaye marasa ban sha'awa.
A cikin Maris 1936, WMO Board na Red Army (Naval Forces na Ma'aikata-Kiristoci Red Army, daga baya - ZVMS) gabatar da shawarwari ga Majalisar Jama'a Commissars (watau gwamnatin Soviet) a kan azuzuwan (subclasses) na jiragen ruwa a karkashin. gini. , ciki har da jiragen ruwa masu haske tare da bindigogi 180 mm (ingantaccen aikin 26 nau'in Kirov). Ta hanyar yanke shawara na Majalisar Ma'aikata da Tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet na Mayu 27, 1936, an ƙaddara ton na gaba "manyan jiragen ruwa" (8 liners na daidaitattun ƙaura na 35 ton da 000 na 12 ton), gami da manyan jiragen ruwa masu nauyi tare da manyan jiragen ruwa. manyan bindigogi na 26 mm, a kusan dukkanin sigogi mafi girma fiye da yakin basasa na Sevastopol a cikin sabis. ZVMS da Babban Daraktan Naval Shipbuilding na Navy (nan gaba ake magana a kai a matsayin GUK) aka umurce su shirya wani shirin na gina wadannan jiragen ruwa, rushe da shekaru har zuwa 000, kuma nan da nan fara zayyana mikakke sassa, kazalika da nauyi da kuma nauyi. jiragen ruwa masu haske.
An jawo hankali ga buri da ke fitowa daga tsare-tsaren Soviet. Da farko, jimlar tonnage na jiragen ruwa da aka nuna don yin gini shine ton 1 (!), Wanda ya wuce ƙarfin masana'antar cikin gida (don kwatanta, kusan daidai yake da jimlar tonnages na Royal Navy da Sojojin ruwa na Amurka a lokacin tattaunawar). Kada mu manta, duk da haka, a ina kuma a wane yanayi aka yi waɗannan "tsare-tsare". Da fari dai, sojojin ruwa sun gina manyan jiragen ruwa, kuma na biyu, a wancan lokacin a cikin USSR yana da wuya kuma mai haɗari don tsayayya da "layi na gaba" na ra'ayi. Neman sabbin hanyoyin warware matsalar ba zai iya faruwa ba a ƙarƙashin yanayin danniya na siyasa wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba, wanda ya mamaye tsakiyar 727. Tun da bacewar ba tare da wata alama ba a cikin Stalinist Gulag, babu wanda ya tsira, gami da shugabannin jiragen ruwa da masana'antu. Wannan ya haifar da rushewa a cikin tsarin samar da kayayyaki, kuma ba tare da bata lokaci ba ya haifar da raguwar ingancin samfurin (duk matsalolin an danganta su ne kawai ga "dabarun maƙiyan mutane"), kuma, saboda haka, jadawalin isar da jirgin da tsare-tsaren don su. gine-gine ya rushe.
A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1936, ta hanyar dokar gwamnati, an yanke shawara a hukumance don gina "babban jirgin ruwa na teku da teku" da ke da ikon yakar sojojin ruwa na "kowane daga cikin jihohin jari-hujja ko haɗin gwiwarsu." Don haka, an amince da shirin “babban ginin jirgin ruwa”, wanda ya samar da samar da manyan azuzuwan masu zuwa (azuzuwa):
- Jirgin ruwa na Class A (ton 35, raka'a 000 - 8 a cikin Jirgin ruwan Baltic da 4 a cikin Bahar Maliya);
- nau'in yaki na B (ton 26, raka'a 000 - 16 a cikin tekun Pacific, 6 a cikin Baltic, 4 a cikin Bahar Rum da 4 a Arewa);
- Hasken jirgin ruwa na sabon nau'in (ton 7500, raka'a 5 - 3 akan jirgin ruwa na Baltic da 2 akan Arewacin Fleet);
- Light cruisers irin "Kirov" (7300 ton, 15 raka'a - 8 a Pacific Fleet, 3 a Baltic da 4 a Black Sea).
Duk da haka, a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1937, an rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Soviet a London don rage yawan jiragen ruwa na manyan azuzuwan, bisa ga abin da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi alkawarin bin yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa a fagen makaman ruwa da kuma iyakokin da suka taso daga su. Wannan ya faru ne saboda wata doka ta gwamnati, wacce aka karɓa a ranar 13-15 ga Agusta, "a kan sake fasalin shirin gina jirgin ruwa na 1936." A watan Satumba na wannan shekara, an gabatar da gwamnati tare da "Shirin Yakin Jirgin Ruwa na Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa", wanda har yanzu sassan guda sun ci gaba: 6 Nau'in A (4 don Jirgin Ruwa na Pacific da 2 na Arewa), Nau'in 12 B (2 don Jirgin Ruwa na Pacific, 6 don Baltic
da 4 don Bahar Maliya), 10 nauyi da 22 masu haske (ciki har da ajin Kirov). Ba a amince da wannan shirin a hukumance ba. Aiwatar da shi kuma yana cikin shakka, amma ƙirar jiragen ruwa, da kuma tare da su tsarin makaman da suka ɓace, ya ci gaba.
A cikin Fabrairu 1938, Main Naval Staff mika wa jama'a Commissariat na masana'antu "Shirin na Gina Yakin da Taimakon Jiragen ruwa na 1938-1945". Kafin fara yakin da Jamus (22 ga Yuni, 1941), an san shi da "babban shirin" kuma ya haɗa da: 15 jiragen ruwa, 15 masu nauyi, 28 haske cruisers (ciki har da 6 Kirov class) da kuma sauran azuzuwan. da iri. An jawo hankali ga rage yawan jiragen ruwa yayin da ake kara yawan jiragen ruwa masu haske. Ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1939, sabon kwamandan sojojin ruwa na Navy, N. G. Kuznetsov, ya gabatar wa gwamnati "Shirin Ginin Jirgin Ruwa na Shekara Goma don Navy", wanda ya ba da aikin ginawa, ciki har da: 15 nau'in "A" jiragen ruwa, 16 nauyi. cruisers da 32 haske cruisers (ciki har da 6 "Kirov"). Yin la'akari da ainihin yiwuwar masana'antu, ciki har da wurare a kan tudu, an raba shi zuwa darussan shekaru biyar - 1938-1942 da 1943-1947. Duk da cewa babban makasudin wadannan tsare-tsare shi ne kera manyan jiragen ruwa na manyan bindigogi, wanda Comrade Stalin da kansa yake so, jiragen ruwa masu haske kuma sun kasance wani muhimmin bangare na tsarin da aka tsara kuma suna bukatar kulawa ta musamman. Shirin ci gaba na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Red Army na 1936, da aka ambata a sama, ya yi la'akari da buƙatar sabon jirgin ruwa na wannan aji, wanda aka tsara don aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagar jiragen ruwa na linzamin kwamfuta.
