Red Army a cikin Balkans 1944

Rundunar Sobiyat ta ga yiwuwar kewaye da lalata sojojin Jamus da suka tattara a yankin Chisinau da dakarun na 2 na Ukraine da na 3rd na Ukraine.

'Yantar da Karogrod (Constantinople, Istanbul) daga karkiyar mugayen Mohammedans, iko a kan matsalolin Bosporus da Dardanelles da hadewar duniyar Orthodox a karkashin jagorancin "Babban Daular Rasha" wani ma'auni ne na manufofin manufofin kasashen waje. duk sarakunan Rasha.

Magance tsattsauran ra'ayi kan wadannan matsalolin yana da nasaba da rugujewar daular Usmaniyya, wadda tun tsakiyar karni na 1853 ta zama babbar abokiyar adawar Rasha. Catherine II ta ba da goyon baya sosai ga aikin korar Turkawa daga Turai gaba daya tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Ostiryia, raba yankin Balkan, ƙirƙirar daular Danube na jihar Dacia da farfado da ikon Byzantine karkashin jagorancin sarki. jikan Konstantin. Wani jikanta, Nicholas I, don cika wannan mafarki (tare da kawai bambancin cewa Tsar Rasha ba ta yi niyyar mayar da Byzantium ba, amma kawai ya so ya mayar da Sultan na Turkiyya vassal) ya shiga cikin yakin Gabas (Crimean) maras kyau. tsakanin 1856-XNUMX.

Mikhail Skobelev, "Farin Janar", ya tafi Bosphorus ta Bulgaria a 1878. A lokacin ne Rasha ta yi wa Daular Usmaniyya wani mummunan rauni, bayan da tasirin Turkiyya a yankin Balkan ba zai iya sake dawowa ba, kuma rabuwar dukkan kasashen Kudancin Slavic da Turkiyya ya kasance na dan lokaci. Duk da haka, ba a samu nasara ba a yankin Balkan - an yi fafatawa tsakanin dukkan manyan kasashe don yin tasiri kan sabbin kasashe masu cin gashin kai. Bugu da kari, nan take tsoffin lardunan daular Usmaniyya suka yanke shawarar zama manya, suka shiga takaddamar da ba za a iya warwarewa a tsakaninsu ba; A sa'i daya kuma, Rasha ba za ta iya daukar bangare ba, ko kuma kaucewa warware matsalar Balkan.

Muhimmancin dabarun Bosporus da Dardanelles, masu mahimmanci ga daular Rasha, ba a taɓa mantawa da masu mulki ba. A cikin watan Satumba na shekara ta 1879, manyan baki sun taru a Livadia karkashin jagorancin Tsar Alexander II, domin tattauna yiwuwar rugujewar daular Usmaniyya. A matsayinsa na mai halartan taron, Pyotr Saburov dan majalisar wakilai, ya rubuta cewa, Rasha ba za ta iya barin Ingila ta mamaye matsugunan na dindindin ba. An kafa aikin shawo kan matsi idan yanayi ya kai ga ruguza mulkin Turkiyya a Turai. An dauki Daular Jamus a matsayin abokiyar Rasha. An dauki matakai da dama na diflomasiyya, an gudanar da binciken gidan wasan kwaikwayo na nan gaba, kuma an samar da "majiya ta musamman" na ma'adinan teku da manyan bindigogi. A watan Satumba na 1885, Alexander III ya aika da wasika zuwa ga Babban Hafsan Hafsoshin, Nikolai Obruchev, a cikin abin da ya bayyana babban burin Rasha - kama Konstantinoful da matsuguni. Sarkin ya rubuta: “Game da matsi, ba shakka, lokaci bai yi ba tukuna, amma dole ne mutum ya kasance a faɗake kuma ya kasance cikin shiri. Sai kawai a karkashin wannan yanayin na shirya don yin yaki a kan yankin Balkan, saboda yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da amfani sosai ga Rasha. A watan Yuli 1895, an gudanar da wani "taro na musamman" a St. Kudurin taron ya yi magana game da shirye-shiryen soji na mamaye birnin Constantinople. An ci gaba da cewa: ta hanyar daukar Bosphorus, Rasha za ta cika daya daga cikin ayyukanta na tarihi: zama uwargijiyar yankin Balkan, don ci gaba da kai hari ga Ingila, kuma ba za ta ji tsoronta ba daga gefen Tekun Black Sea. . An yi la'akari da shirin saukar da sojoji a cikin Bosphorus a wani taron ministoci a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1896, riga a karkashin jagorancin Nicholas II. An ƙayyade adadin jiragen ruwa da ke cikin aikin, kuma an nada kwamandan masu saukar da jirgin. A halin da ake ciki na rikicin soji da Burtaniya, Rundunar Sojojin Rasha sun shirya kai hari Indiya daga tsakiyar Asiya. Shirin yana da abokan adawa da yawa, don haka matashin sarki ya yanke shawarar kada ya yanke shawara ta ƙarshe. Ba da da ewa, abubuwan da suka faru a Gabas mai Nisa sun dauki hankalin shugabannin Rasha, kuma hanyar Gabas ta Tsakiya ta kasance "daskararre". A cikin Yuli 1908, lokacin da matasa juyin juya hali ya barke, Bosphorus Expedition da aka sake tunani a St. cimma wata manufa ta siyasa.