Abin da maganin daskarewa ba zai tafasa ba kuma ya daskare

Wani gwajin na'urorin sanyaya motoci, wanda muka shirya a karshen wannan lokacin sanyi, ya sake nuna cewa halin da ake ciki tare da wannan nau'in samfuran a kasuwarmu ba shi da kyau. Yiwuwar samun ƙarancin ingancin maganin daskarewa yana da girma mai raɗaɗi ...

Matsalar kasancewar a kasuwa na babban adadin ƙarancin ingancin maganin daskarewa an gano shi a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, lokacin da abokan aikina daga wasu wallafe-wallafen motoci da na gudanar da cikakken gwajin maganin daskarewa. Sakamakonsa ya nuna cewa yawancin samfurori da aka gwada a lokacin ba su dace da halayen da aka bayyana ba. Mummunan matsalar ya kara dagulewa saboda yadda na'urorin sanyaya motoci kayan aiki ne masu gudana wanda ke cikin kwanciyar hankali. Kuma ba abin mamaki bane cewa a yau tarin masu sanyaya, daban-daban dangane da sigogin aikin su, waɗanda samfuran gida da na waje ke wakilta, suna kwarara cikin wannan ɓangaren kasuwa da ake buƙata. Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, amma ba duka sun dace da amfani ba.

Wannan yanayin ya kara tsananta saboda gaskiyar cewa har yanzu Rasha ba ta amince da tsarin fasaha wanda ya kamata ya rarraba masu sanyaya da kuma kafa sigogi, da kuma abun da ke ciki da kuma amfani da abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da su. Takaddun ka'ida kawai game da maganin daskarewa (wato, ƙarancin sanyi mai sanyi) ya rage tsohuwar GOST 28084-89, wacce aka karɓa baya a zamanin Tarayyar Soviet. Af, tanade-tanaden wannan daftarin aiki kawai ga ruwa da aka yi a kan tushen ethylene glycol (MEG).

Wannan yanayin a zahiri yana 'yantar da hannun masana'antun marasa gaskiya waɗanda, don neman riba, galibi suna amfani da ƙarancin inganci, kuma galibi kawai abubuwa masu haɗari. Makircin a nan shi ne kamar haka: 'yan kasuwa suna haɓaka nasu girke-girke na coolant daga sassa masu arha kuma su zana shi a cikin nau'i na wasu ƙayyadaddun fasaha (TU), bayan haka sun fara tattara samfuran su.

Ofaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan gama gari don “antifreeze” bodyagi shine amfani da wani wuri mai maye wanda ya ƙunshi glycerin mai arha da daidai arha methanol maimakon MEG mai tsada. Duk waɗannan abubuwan biyu suna da matuƙar cutarwa ga tsarin sanyaya. Don haka, alal misali, glycerin yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka aikin lalata, musamman a cikin tashoshin sanyaya na toshe Silinda, yana da babban danko (wanda shine dubun sau da yawa fiye da na ethylene glycol) da ƙari mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da haɓakawa. famfo lalacewa. Af, kawai don ko ta yaya rage danko da yawa na coolant, kamfanonin ƙara wani cutarwa bangaren zuwa gare shi - methanol.

Wannan barasa, muna tunawa, na cikin nau'in guba na fasaha masu haɗari. Doka ta haramta amfani da ita wajen samar da samfuran yawan jama'a, wanda keta haddinsa yana barazanar azabtar da gudanarwa mai tsanani. Koyaya, wannan ɗaya ne kawai, bangaren shari'a. Yin amfani da barasa na methyl a cikin tsarin sanyaya shima abu ne da ba a yarda da shi ba a fasahance, tunda methanol kawai yana kashe sassansa da tarukansa. Gaskiyar ita ce, wani bayani mai ruwa-ruwa na barasa na methyl a yanayin zafi na 50 ° C da sama ya fara yin hulɗa tare da aluminum da aluminum gami, yana lalata su. Adadin irin wannan hulɗar yana da girma sosai kuma ba za a iya kwatanta shi da yawan lalata karafa ba. Chemists suna kiran wannan tsari etching, kuma wannan kalmar tana magana da kanta.

Amma wannan wani bangare ne kawai na matsalolin da "methanol" maganin daskarewa ke haifarwa. Irin wannan samfurin yana da ƙarancin tafasa (kimanin 64 ° C), don haka methanol yana canzawa a hankali daga da'irar sanyaya. A sakamakon haka, coolant ya zauna a can, da yawan zafin jiki sigogi wanda ba su dace da da ake bukata thermal sigogi na engine. A lokacin rani, a cikin yanayin zafi, irin wannan ruwa yana tafasa da sauri, yana haifar da matosai a cikin da'irar wurare dabam dabam, wanda babu makawa ya haifar da zafi na motar. A cikin hunturu, a cikin sanyi, zai iya zama ƙanƙara kawai kuma ya kashe famfo. A cewar masana, mutum abubuwa na sanyaya tsarin raka'a, misali, ruwa famfo impellers, wanda kuma an hõre high tsauri lodi, an lalatar da methanol-glycerin antifreeze a kusan daya kakar.

Abin da ya sa a halin yanzu gwajin, wanda aka shirya tare da bayanai da kuma nazari portal "Avtoparad", da babban burin shi ne gano m kayayyakin dauke da methyl barasa. Don yin gwaji, mun zaɓi samfuran guda goma sha biyu na maganin daskarewa da na daskarewa, waɗanda aka saya a gidajen mai, babban birnin kasar da kasuwannin motoci na yankin Moscow, da kuma dillalan motoci masu sarƙoƙi. Dukkan kwalabe tare da masu sanyaya an tura su zuwa ɗaya daga cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Cibiyar Nazarin Jiha ta 25 na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Tarayyar Rasha, wanda ƙwararrunsa suka gudanar da duk binciken da ya dace.

Antifreezes bai kamata ku saya ba

Don sanya shi a fili, sakamakon ƙarshe na gwaje-gwajen samfuran da aka gudanar a cibiyoyin bincike ba sa haifar da kyakkyawan fata. Yi hukunci da kanka: daga cikin ruwa 12 da muka saya don gwaji, an gano methanol a cikin shida (kuma wannan shine rabin samfurori), kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa (har zuwa 18%). Wannan gaskiyar ta sake nuna girman matsalar da ke da alaƙa da haɗarin samun haɗari da ƙarancin ingancin antifreezes a cikin kasuwarmu. Daga cikin mahalarta gwajin, waɗannan sun haɗa da: Alaska Tosol -40 (Tektron), Antifreeze OZH-40 (Volga-Oil), Pilots Antifreeze Green Line -40 (Streksten), Antifreeze -40 Sputnik G12 da Antifreeze OZH-40 (dukansu ya samar da su Promsintez), da kuma Antifreeze A-40M Northern Standard (NPO Organic-Progress).

Komawa musamman ga sakamakon gwajin, mun lura cewa alamun zafin jiki na masu sanyaya "methanol" ba su tsaya ga zargi ba. Saboda haka, tafasar batu, wanda, bisa ga sashi na 4.5 na TU 6-57-95-96, kada ya fada a kasa +108 digiri, a gaskiya - 90-97 digiri, wanda shi ne da yawa m fiye da tafasar batu na talakawa ruwa. Ma'ana, yuwuwar cewa injin da ke da ɗayan waɗannan maganin daskarewa guda shida zai iya tafasa (musamman a lokacin rani) yana da yawa sosai. Halin ba shi da kyau tare da zafin jiki na farkon crystallization. Kusan duk samfuran da ke ɗauke da methanol ba sa jure sanyi mai digiri 40 da aka tanadar ta ma'aunin masana'antu, kuma samfurin Antifreeze -40 Sputnik G12 ya daskare a -30 ° C. A lokaci guda kuma, wasu masana'antun sanyaya, ba tare da wani lamiri ba, suna nuna a kan alamun cewa samfuran su sun dace da ƙayyadaddun samfuran Audi, BMW, Volkswagen, Opel, Toyota, Volvo ...

 

Antifreezes wanda ya dace da bukatun masu kera motoci

Yanzu bari mu magana game da high quality coolants, wanda sigogi ne cikakken a cikin ma'auni. An nuna kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin gwajin ta duk manyan masana'antun sarrafa daskarewa, na Rasha da na waje. Waɗannan su ne irin rare gida brands kamar CoolStream (Technoform, Klimovsk), Sintec (Obninskorgsintez, Obninsk), Felix (Tosol-Sintez-Invest, Dzerzhinsk), Niagara (Niagara, Nizhny Novgorod). Daga samfuran kasashen waje, samfuran Liqui Moly (Jamus) da Bardahl (Belgium) sun shiga cikin gwajin. Suna kuma da sakamako mai kyau. Dukkanin magungunan da aka jera an yi su ne bisa tushen MEG, wanda galibi ke ƙayyade ingancin aikin su. Musamman, kusan dukkaninsu suna da babban tazara duka ta fuskar juriya da sanyi da ma'ana.

Sintec Premium G12 + maganin daskarewa

Dangane da sakamakon gwajin na yanzu, Sintec Premium G12 + antifreeze yana da kyakkyawan juriya na juriya na sanyi - zafin jiki na crystallization shine -42 C maimakon ma'auni -40 C. Obninskorgsintez ne ya samar da samfurin bisa ga sabon fasahar hada-hadar kwayoyin halitta daga. babban matakin ethylene glycol da fakitin da aka shigo da shi na kayan aikin aiki. Godiya ga karshen, Sintec Premium G12 + antifreeze yana tsayayya da lalata kuma baya samar da adibas akan saman ciki na tsarin sanyaya. Bugu da ƙari, yana da tasiri mai tasiri mai mahimmanci wanda ke tsawaita rayuwar famfo na ruwa. Antifreeze yana da izini daga wasu sanannun masana'antun motoci (Volkswagen, MAN, FUZO KAMAZ Trucks Rus) kuma ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da su a cikin motocin fasinja na samarwa na gida da na waje, manyan motoci da sauran motocin da ke da matsakaici da matsananciyar yanayin aiki. Kiyasta farashin 1 lita - 120 rubles.

 

Liqui Moly mai daskarewar radiator na dogon lokaci GTL 12 Plus

Kamfanin Liqui Moly na Jamus ne ya ƙera shi Langzeit Kuhlerfrostschutz GTL 12 Plus mai sanyaya da aka shigo da shi, wanda ke da gogewa sosai wajen kera ruwa da mai na kera motoci iri-iri. Samfurin shine ainihin abun da ke ciki na sabon ƙarni, wanda aka samar ta amfani da monoethylene glycol da babban fakitin fasaha na ƙari na musamman dangane da ƙwayoyin carboxylic acid. Kamar yadda bincikenmu ya nuna, wannan maganin daskarewa yana da kyakkyawan aikin zafin jiki, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin sanyaya a cikin kewayon -45 ° C zuwa + 110 ° C. Kamar yadda masu haɓakawa da kansu suka lura, maganin daskarewa yadda ya kamata yana tsayayya da lalata ƙwayoyin ƙarfe na electrochemical, da kuma lalatawar gami da aluminium mai zafi. Manyan masu kera motoci na duniya sun yi ta gwada sanyi akai-akai, wanda ya haifar da amincewa daga Audi, BMW, DaimlerCrysler, Ford, Porsche, Seat, Skoda. Mun kuma lura cewa Langzeit Kuhlerfrostschutz GTL 12 Plus an haɗe shi da daidaitattun G12 antifreezes (yawanci fentin ja), da kuma tare da daidaitattun magungunan G11. Shawarar tazarar sauyawa shine shekaru 5. Kiyasta farashin 1 lita - 330 rubles.

CoolStream Standard

CoolStream Standard carboxylate maganin daskarewa an samar da shi ta Technoform, ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun Rasha na sanyaya motoci. Yana da wani ethylene glycol tushen Multi-manufa kore coolant tare da Organic Acid Technology (OAT) carboxylate fasahar. Anyi shi daga Arteco (Belgium) Mai hana lalatawar BSB kuma ainihin kwafi (sake suna) na Antifreeze BS-Coolant. An ƙera samfurin ne don tsarin sanyaya na'urorin man fetur na zamani da injunan dizal na samar da waje da na cikin gida. Ya ƙunshi additives daga Arteco (Belgium), haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Chevron da Total, wanda shine tabbacin ingancin duk CoolStream carboxylate antifreezes. Ya isa a faɗi cewa CoolStream Standard ya cika ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi na duniya guda biyu: American ASTM D3306 da British BS 6580, kuma rayuwar sabis ɗin sa ta kai kilomita 150 ba tare da maye gurbinsa ba. Dangane da sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje, benci da gwajin teku na CoolStream Standard antifreeze, izini na hukuma da yarda don amfani daga AVTOVAZ, UAZ, KamAZ, GAZ, LiAZ, MAZ da sauran masana'antar motoci na Rasha yanzu an karɓi su.

Felix Carbox G12

Felix Carbox coolant shine sabon ƙarni na maganin daskarewar carboxylate na gida. Dangane da rabe-raben VW, ya yi daidai da aji G12 + maganin daskarewa. A lokacin gwajin, samfurin ya nuna ɗayan mafi kyawun sakamako dangane da juriya na sanyi (yana jure yanayin zafi ƙasa zuwa -44 digiri). Lura cewa Felix Carbox ya wuce cikakken gwajin gwaje-gwaje a cibiyar binciken Amurka ABIC Testing Laboratories, wanda ya tabbatar da cikakken yarda da ka'idojin kasa da kasa ASTM D 3306, ASTM D 4985, ASTM D 6210, wanda ke tsara abubuwan da ake buƙata don halayen fasaha da ingancin ingancin su. masu sanyaya. A halin yanzu, samfurin yana da izini daga wasu ƙasashen waje da masu kera motoci na cikin gida, ciki har da AvtoVAZ da KAMAZ, GAZ, YaMZ da TRM.

Felix Carbox an yi shi ne daga premium sa monoethylene glycol, musamman ƙirƙira ultra tsantsa tsantsa ruwa da wani fakitin ƙari na musamman na carboxylic acid. Amfani da maganin daskarewa yana ba da ƙarin nisan mil har zuwa maye gurbinsa na gaba (har zuwa kilomita 250), muddin ba a haɗe samfurin da sauran nau'ikan sanyaya ba.

Niagara RED G12+

Niagara RED G12+ maganin daskarewa sabon ƙarni ne na sanyaya da ƙwararrun Niagara PKF suka haɓaka. An ƙirƙiri samfurin ta amfani da fasaha na musamman Extended Life Coolant Technology carboxylate, ɗayan mahimman kaddarorin wanda shine ikon samar da ɗigon kariya mai ɗigo a wuraren da lalata ta fara samuwa. Wannan ingancin maganin daskarewa yana ba shi tazara mai tsawo (har zuwa shekaru 5 na aiki bayan cika tsarin sanyaya ko 250 km na gudu). Mun kuma lura cewa Niagara RED G000 + coolant ya wuce cikakken zagaye na gwaje-gwaje don bin ka'idojin ASTM D12, ASTM D3306 a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ABIC, Amurka. Bugu da ƙari, maganin daskarewa yana da izinin hukuma na AvtoVAZ, da kuma sauran masana'antar kera motoci na Rasha, don fara mai a kan na'ura.

Yayin gwajin, Niagara RED G12+ maganin daskare ya nuna mafi girma (a tsakanin sauran mahalarta gwajin) juriyar sanyi (har zuwa -46 ° C). Tare da irin waɗannan alamun zafin jiki, ana iya amfani da wannan coolant a kusan duk yankuna na Rasha. Wani fasali na musamman na gwangwani na Niagara G12 Plus Red shine ingantacciyar magudanar ruwa wanda ke sauƙaƙa cika ruwa cikin tsarin sanyaya. Kiyasta farashin 1 lita - 100 rubles.

Bardahl Universal Concentrate

Wani asali na asali na maganin daskarewa na Belgium wanda aka samar akan tushen monoethylene glycol tare da amfani da babban fakitin fasaha na abubuwan ƙarar carboxylate. Wani fasali na musamman na wannan samfurin shine haɓakar sa - maganin daskarewa bisa shi yana haɗe shi da kowane nau'in kayan sanyi da ma'adinai, ba tare da la'akari da launi ba, gami da maganin daskarewa. Yayin gwajin, samfurin ba wai kawai ya tabbatar da alamun zafin jiki da aka ayyana ba, har ma ya inganta su da ɗan. A cewar wakilan da developer kamfanin, maganin daskare yadda ya kamata tsayayya electrochemical lalata karafa, kazalika da high-zazzabi da lalata aluminum gami. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar mai sanyaya don injunan da ke buƙatar ingantattun ɓarkewar zafi - injunan haɓakawa sosai, injin turbocharged. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Bardahl Universal Concentrate ba shi da tsaka tsaki ga karafa daban-daban da gami, kasancewa tagulla, jan ƙarfe, gami da ƙarfe, simintin ƙarfe ko aluminum. Maganin daskarewa baya yin illa ga samfuran roba da filastik na tsarin sanyaya. Daga aiki a cikin tsarin sanyaya na motocin fasinja na iya isa kilomita 250, kuma rayuwar sabis ɗin da aka ba da garanti shine aƙalla shekaru 000. A cikin kalma, samfurin da ya dace. Kiyasta farashin 5 lita na hankali - 1 rubles.

Don haka, menene za a iya yankewa daga sakamakon gwaje-gwajen? Da farko, ya kamata a tuna cewa a cikin kasuwa, ban da samfurori masu kyau na sanannun sanannun, akwai abubuwa da yawa na coolant na sauran nau'o'in, kuma daga mafi kyawun inganci. Don haka idan ba ku da masaniyar fasaha, bi ƴan ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi. Da farko, yi amfani da maganin daskarewa wanda masana'antun motarka suka amince. Idan ba za ku iya samun irin wannan na'urar sanyaya ba - zaɓi nau'in maganin daskarewa iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar don motar ku, amma dole ne wasu kamfanonin mota su amince da su. Kuma kada ku ɗauki kalmar masu siyar da motoci suna tou da "superantifreezes." Af, ba shi da wahala sosai don bincika daidaiton bayanan da aka ayyana. Don bayyana bayanai game da samuwa na haƙuri, wani lokacin ya isa ya dubi littafin sabis, takardun mota, shafukan yanar gizo na masana'antun mota da masana'antun antifreeze. Lokacin sayen, kula da marufi - a kan wasu kwalabe, masana'antun suna manne lakabin "Ba ya ƙunshi glycerin" - don kawar da shakku game da ingancin samfurin su.

Af, ga duk matsalolin da aka ambata a sama a cikin injin sanyaya tsarin lalacewa ta hanyar yin amfani da glycerin-methanol antifreezes, a yau yana yiwuwa kuma ya zama dole don yin da'awar a kan masana'antun su. Akwai dalilai na doka don haka, gami da waɗanda aka karɓa a matakin gwamnatoci. Ku tuna cewa a karshen shekarar da ta gabata, Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arziki ta Eurasian (EEC), ta hanyar yanke shawara mai lamba 162, ta yi kwaskwarima ga hadaddiyar ka'idojin tsaftar muhalli da cututtuka da kuma ka'idojin fasaha na kungiyar kwastam "Akan bukatu na lubricants, mai da kuma Ruwa na Musamman” (TR TS 030/2012). Bisa ga wannan yanke shawara, za a gabatar da tsauraran ƙuntatawa akan abun ciki na barasa methyl a cikin masu sanyaya - kada ya wuce 0,05%. Hukuncin ya riga ya fara aiki, kuma yanzu duk mai motar zai iya yin amfani da shi, a cikin hanyar da doka ta tsara, ga ƙungiyoyin kulawa (sa ido) na jihohi da kuma neman diyya ga lalacewar dukiya sakamakon amfani da samfuran da ba su dace da fasaha ba. ka'idoji. Takardar Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Eurasian tana aiki akan ƙasa na ƙasashe biyar waɗanda ke cikin membobin EEC: Rasha, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia da Kyrgyzstan.