Menene adadin cetane na man diesel?
Lambar cetane, a matsayin muhimmin sigogi a cikin kaddarorin man diesel, yana nuna ingancinta dangane da halayen man dizal, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga injin dizal. A takaice dai, lambar cetane tayi daidai da lokacin jinkirin ƙonewa na man dizal bayan allura a cikin silinda.
Kamar lambar octane, lambar cetane tana nuna cewa mafi girman lambar, injin zai yi kyau. Gaskiyar ita ce, ko da a wannan yanayin, komai ya dogara da ƙirar injin, kuma galibi babban adadin cetane shine dabarar talla, kuma ba ingantaccen ci gaba ba ne a aikin injin.
Babban abin da ake buƙata don man fetur a yanayin injin dizal shine kyakkyawan kunnawa bayan allura a cikin silinda. Koyaya, don daidaitaccen aiki na injin dizal, abin da ake kira jinkirin ƙonewa. Jinkirin ƙonewa shine lokacin da ya wuce tsakanin allurar mai a cikin ɗakin konewa da lokacin kunnawa kanta. Wannan lokacin yana wakiltar lambar cetane. Dacewar acc. tsawon lokacin jinkirin ƙonewa yana ƙaddara ta hanyar ƙirar injin (ɗakin konewa) da kayan aikin allura. Injin da ke ƙona mai tare da lambar cetane daidai yana farawa da kyau, yana da isasshen ƙarfi, aiki mai shuru da santsi, rage yawan amfani da iskar gas tare da ingantaccen tsarin fitarwa. Matsakaicin adadin cetane na man dizal yana haifar da jinkiri mai tsawo da yawa, kuma a daidai lokacin da aka kunna wuta, an riga an ƙyale ɗanyen man da ke cikin ɗakin konewar. Wannan zai haifar da turɓayar mai (mai yawan man da ake buƙata) nan da nan ya ƙone, wanda zai haifar da matsin lamba a ɗakin konewar injin ɗin ya tashi da sauri. Wannan yana haifar da aikin injin hayaniya, rashin aikin tsaftacewa da rage fitar da hayaki. Akasin haka, babban adadin cetane yana haifar da ɗan gajeren jinkirin kunna wuta, wanda ke nufin cewa man fetur ba shi da lokacin da zai iya jurewa da kyau kuma ya fara ƙonewa kusa da bututun ƙarfe. Wannan ya kai ga gaskiyar cewa ramukanta suna rufe da toka. Rashin isashen atomization kuma yana nufin rashin cakuduwar iska da iska, wanda ke haifar da rashin cika konewa da samuwar soot.
Yawancin man diesel da ake amfani da shi a duniya don fitar da injunan piston na ƙonewa yana da adadin cetane kusan 51-55. Ka'idodin mu da na Turai suna buƙatar adadin cetane na akalla 51, dizal mai inganci daga wasu masana'antun ya kai lambar cetane a cikin kewayon raka'a 58 zuwa 65. Lambar cetane da ta dace an saita ta mai ƙera injin dizal kuma a halin yanzu ƙimar da ake buƙata tana tsakanin 50 zuwa 60. Dangane da raguwar gurɓataccen iska, yakamata a ƙara waɗannan ƙimar a hankali a nan gaba, tare da samun wutar lantarki shine fifiko na biyu.
An ƙayyade ƙimar lambar cetane daidai da adadin octane na fetur, wato, juzu'in juzu'i na abubuwa biyu. Na farko shine cetane (n-hexadecane C16H34) - lambar cetane 100, yana nuna ɗan gajeren jinkirin ƙonewa, kuma na biyu - alpha-methylnaphthalene (C11H10) - lambar cetane 0, yana nuna jinkirin jinkirin ƙonewa. Da kanta, man dizal mai tsabta ba ya ƙunsar cetane da yawa, ana amfani da shi ne kawai a cikin haɗakarwa. Lambar cetane, kamar adadin octane na fetur, ana iya ƙarawa ta hanyar ƙara abubuwa na musamman kamar alkyl nitrate ko di-tert-butyl peroxide. Hakanan mai ban sha'awa shine alaƙar tsakanin octane da lambobin cetane. Mafi girman adadin cetane na man fetur na hydrocarbon da aka ba shi, ƙananan adadin octane. Sabanin haka, ƙananan lambar cetane, mafi girman lambar octane.
Tambayoyi & Amsa:
Menene kimar octane na man dizal? Man dizal yakamata ya sami adadin cetane na 45-55. A wannan yanayin, injin zai yi aiki mafi kyau. Tare da lambar cetane da ke ƙasa da 40, ana jinkirin konewa ba zato ba tsammani, kuma motar tana ƙara lalacewa.
Menene adadin octane na man fetur mai tsafta? Ana samun fetur ta hanyar distillation da zaɓin wasu ɓangarorin mai a wurin tafasa tsakanin digiri 100-130. Duk waɗannan man fetur ɗin suna da ƙaramin adadin octane. Ana samun mafi girman RON (65) don iskar gas ɗin kai tsaye daga mai daga Azerbaijan, Sakhalin, yankin Krasnodar da Asiya ta Tsakiya.
Yadda za a ƙara adadin octane na man fetur? Don wannan, ana ƙara paraffinic da hydrocarbons mai kamshi na tsarin reshe a cikin mai. Waɗannan abubuwan an haɗa su cikin wasu abubuwan ƙari.
Wanne hydrocarbon ne ake nufi don tantance adadin cetane na man dizal? Kowane hydrocarbons hexamethyldecane (cetane) da alpha-methylnaphthalene ana amfani dashi azaman ma'auni. Lambobin cetane su 100 da 0, bi da bi.
