Yadda za a ƙirƙiri taswirar vector don GPS mai nuna layin kwane-kwane?

Yadda ake ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun taswirar vector na zamani tare da daidaitattun layikan kwance kamar taswirar IGN 1/25 don GPS ɗinku na TwoNav?

Kuna iya gaya muku kai tsaye ba ƙaramin abu bane, amma ta hanyar bin jagorar, yakamata ku sami damar amfana da taswira masu kyau, masu amfani da kyauta 😏. Muna ba da shawarar wata hanya a cikin wannan labarin.

Preamble

Manufar samun taswirar nau'in vector kyauta ko taswirar nau'in Garmin don TwoNav GPS "babu ƙasa" ya rigaya ya zama batun labaran da ake samu akan UtagawaVTT.

An ƙera GPS TwoNav don a yi amfani da shi da farko tare da taswirar IGN 1/25, duk da haka mai amfani zai iya, godiya ga babbar software ta Land, shigo da ko ƙirƙirar taswirorin nasu da haɗa su cikin GPS.

Taswirar vector OSM tare da madaidaicin matakin (daidai 10 m) sikelin 1/8 (daidaitaccen sikelin don hawan dutse shine 000/1/15/0000), launin waƙa wanda aka daidaita ta gangara.

Ko da kuwa mai ba da GPS (BiyuNav ko "wasu"), bisa manufa, taswirori suna samuwa lokaci-lokaci, koyaushe akwai tazara tsakanin gaskiyar da ke ƙasa da taswirar "kan jirgin".

Shigo da tayal ko yanki na OpenStreetMap ba tare da yin amfani da sabis na dandamali na taswira ko rukunin maɓalli ba yana ba ku damar samun sabuntawar sigar a cikin sa'ar da ta gabata ta yadda mai ba da gudummawar OpenStreetMap zai iya amfana da gudummawar su nan da nan.

A cikin wannan darasi, marubucin ya yi tunani a kan wani takamaiman hawan keke ko gasar da aka gudanar a wajen wurin jin daɗinsa, don haka ya kamata ya sami taswira.

Wannan wani yanayi ne na musamman wanda, dangane da ƙasar da kuka ziyarta, samun katin na iya zama da wahala ko ma tsada.

Ana shigo da slab ko tayal OSM

Ƙirƙirar Asusun OpenStreetMap

• Je zuwa OpenStreetMap (Bude asusu idan ya cancanta)

Zaɓin yanki na sha'awa (slab ko tayal)

Bude asusun:

• Tsayawa/tsakiyar allo akan yankin da aka yi niyya,
• Idan muna da alama (shaci)
  • Shigo da binciken Gpx cikin OpenStreet: TraceGPS Menu.

Ka kwantar da hankalinka, sake sabunta allon don ganin jadawali "an ɗora".

1. Cibiyar / yanke taswirar da aka nuna akan allon,
2. Load / shigo da waƙa zuwa OSM:
   • Gyara menu,
   • Cibiyar / Sikeli Wannan bayani na biyu yana ba ku damar shigo da tatsuniyoyi da tabbaci waɗanda ke rufe filin wasan ku.

Ana shigo da tile / slab vector

A cikin menu na fitarwa, danna Api Overpass.

• Bi tsarin lodawa a cikin ƙananan kusurwar hagu na allon,
• Ana shigo da fayil ɗin “taswira” cikin babban fayil ɗin zazzagewa cikin ƴan mintuna kaɗan.

Sake suna fayil ɗin taswirar tare da tsawo ".osm": ya zama map.osm

Ƙirƙirar taswirar ƙasa

• Buɗe software na Land

  • Bude fayil ɗin map.osm
  • Ajiye wannan fayil ɗin a tsarin mpvf (macartevectorielle.mpvf) domin wannan taswirar (tile) na iya amfani da GPS

Vector tile / slab yana samuwa yanzu don Land da GPS.

Mataki na gaba shine ƙara ƙirar kwane-kwane don wakiltar taimako.

Shigo da taimako

Koma jagora kan yadda ake saita ingantaccen DEM a cikin GPS TwoNav a zaman wani ɓangare na jagoranmu, duk abin da za ku yi shi ne shigo da fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen buraka don ƙasar daban-daban zuwa cikin kundin aiki.

1. Haɗa zuwa rukunin yanar gizon https://data.opendataportal.at/dataset/dtm-france
2. Zazzage fale-falen fale-falen da suka dace da zaɓin ƙasa ko ɓangaren yanki.

Don ƙirƙirar layin kwane-kwane, kuna buƙatar shigar da software na QGIS kyauta akan kwamfutarka.

Ƙirƙirar masu lankwasa

Qgis software ce ta sojojin Switzerland wacce ke ba ku damar sarrafa nau'ikan bayanai daban-daban don ƙirƙirar taswira.

Haɗi zuwa wurin shigarwa na QGIS

Bayan shigarwa, kuna buƙatar ƙara wasu kari (plugin), musamman OpenLayerPlugin.

Sanya plugins / kari

• Yadda ake yin shi, kawai bi wannan jagorar,
• Waɗanne plugins don girka: alama a cikin hoto mai zuwa

Idan ba a jera ƙarin ba:

Zaɓi taimako wanda yayi daidai da taswirar

1. Bude Qgis, kar a manta da adana aikin,
2. Bude taswirar tushe na OSM, menu na Intanet (wannan plugin ne ...).

1. A cikin taga hagu na "Explorer" bude babban fayil tare da tayal taimako,
2. ja slab zuwa cikin taga Layer.

Girman girman waɗannan fale-falen yana ba ka damar da sauri "nemo" madaidaicin slab (s).

Idan kana da waƙa, hanya, ko waƙa da aka haɗa a cikin taswirar taswira, a cikin taga mai bincike, zaɓi babban fayil ɗin da aka yi rikodin waƙar, sannan ja waƙar zuwa cikin tagar yadudduka don duba waƙa a cikin ƙasa.

Bar fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen) kawai masu amfani a cikin tagar Layer

Haɗa fale-falen fale-falen buraka idan (kuma idan) ROI ɗinku ya wuce tayal fiye da ɗaya

Menu na ƙananan dige guda uku "...", yi alama kawai tayal ɗin da kuke son haɗawa, dawo tare da kibiya kuma zaɓi tsarin rikodi * .tif

Daidaita yankin taimako zuwa taswirar vector

1. A cikin ƙasa
2. Bude taswira"macartevectorielle.mpvf«
3. Yi amfani da zuƙowa don duba tulle duka
4. Gina sabuwar hanya / waƙa (gpx) mai ɗaure jigon taswira (firam),
5. Ajiye wannan waƙar "Emprise_relief_utile.gpx"

Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna taswirar vector da samfurin ƙasa na dijital (map.cdem) da aka gina ta amfani da wannan koyawa.

tare da Qgis:

1. A cikin taga mai launi: bar layin taimako kawai da aka haɗe (* .tif)
2. Jawo firam ɗin fayil.gpx daga taga Explorer zuwa taga Layer. "Emprise_relief_utile.gpx" bayyana a mataki na baya.

Idan ana jan alamarku zuwa cikin taga mai launi, zaku iya tabbatar da daidaito gaba ɗaya ta hanyar duba akwatin.

Menu na raster yana ba ku damar tantance hakan hade Layer taimako yakamata ya kasance yanke bisa ga tsarin kayan abu taswirar ɗaukar hoto.

Ƙirƙirar masu lanƙwasa

Simitoci guda biyu don ayyana:

1. Daidaiton tsaye:
   • 5m, a kan fili ko tudu,
   • 10 m, a tsakiyar dutse ko a cikin kwaruruka masu tudu.
   • 20 m, a cikin tsaunuka.
2. Babban fayil ɗin ajiyar fayil da tsarin fayil .shp

Qgis yana fitar da masu lankwasa, suna da launi mai ban sha'awa, danna kan "Properties" Layer na lanƙwasa yana ba ku damar zaɓar launi, kauri da bayyanar masu lanƙwasa. kawai a Qgis.

Da zarar kana da fayil na Gpx, duk abin da za ku yi shi ne nemo shi a cikin mai bincike sannan ku ja shi cikin taga Layer don tabbatar da cewa masu lanƙwasa sun rufe shinge mai amfani.

Hannun hanyoyi da taswira

Daga Land, menu buɗe taswira:

• Bude taswirar (tile vector),

• Bude fayil"lankwasa deiveau.shp»Daga mataki na ƙirƙirar lankwasa

  An sanya lanƙwasa (a gaba) akan taswirar vector. Katin mafi kusa da tushen katin an sanya shi a saman sauran.

Dama danna kan Layer: Properties (Kuna da isasshen haƙuri don zuwa!)

Ajiye matakin masu lanƙwasa kamar"layin kwane-kwane.mpvf"

Ga kowane taswirar mpvf guda biyu: danna dama Layer => ajiye filastik.

Fayil ɗin yumbu yana adana keɓancewa, bayyanar da halayen gani na abubuwa akan taswira. Dole ne ya kasance a cikin kundin adireshi ɗaya da katin * .mpvf.

Waɗannan taswirori biyu suna nan yanzu kuma Land da GPS za su iya amfani da su.

Land yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin da ya “rufe” taswirorin biyu. Don sauƙaƙe canja wuri zuwa GPS, ya fi dacewa (ba lallai ba ne kuma ba tilastawa ba, amma a sauƙaƙe) a haɗa fayilolin a babban fayil guda. Za a sami fayil ɗaya kawai don kwafi, kuma gabaɗayan zai kasance daidai "kwamfuta".

Ƙirƙiri babban fayil misali: CarteRaidVickingVect

A cikin ƙasa

Sake suna hypermap ɗin ku kuma adana shi a hanya ɗaya da babban fayil ɗin. CarteRaidVickingVect (!! ba a cikin wannan babban fayil ba !!).

Wannan "zamba" yana ba ku damar samun itacen babban fayil wanda za'a iya canjawa wuri zuwa GPS da Duniya, kawai kwafi ko matsar da waɗannan layi biyu a lokaci guda zuwa directory ... / taswirar (misali a ƙasa) GPS da / ko Land don samun taswira iri ɗaya akan waɗannan ginshiƙai guda biyu.

Bude tiles ɗin mu guda biyu daga babban fayil ɗin da muka ƙirƙira a baya.

Jawo taswirori mpvf biyu zuwa kan taswirar imp, matakin lanƙwasa tuzhur a saman jerin.

Fayilolin Tsarin Clay suna ba ku damar nemo yanayin hoto. Yana yiwuwa a keɓance zane-zane na hanyoyi ko hanyoyin slab na "OSM", kawai kuna buƙatar fadada Layer na wannan slab, danna alamar Layer, sannan daidaita kaddarorin sublayer mai dacewa, kar ku manta da adanawa. yumbu (dama danna Layer kuma ajiye ...).

Sannan Land ta ƙirƙiri babban taswira a tsarin imp, ajiye wannan taswira (Ajiye). Yanzu ya isa buɗe wannan hypermap kawai.

*CompeGPS MAP File*  
 Version=2 VerCompeGPS=8.9.2 Projection= Coordinates=1 Datum=WGS 84 
   

Za ka iya :

• daidaita, misali, matakin zuƙowa zuwa buƙatun ku,

• sanya fayilolin shawarwari daban-daban don daidaita ma'auni
• Mix taswirar vector da taswirar IGN raster don nuni lokaci guda na nau'ikan taswirori biyu akan allon

Misali don Ƙaddamar da OSM Sublayer

Canja wurin fayil zuwa GPS

Kwafi kundin bayanan da ke ɗauke da taswirori (an bayyana a sama) zuwa / taswirar GPS, kwafi fayil ɗin hyper map format.imp zuwa / taswirar GPS.

Tukwici: Don yin gyare-gyare ko tsara fasalin taswirar da aka nuna akan allon GPS: GPS da aka haɗa da PC ta hanyar kebul na USB, buɗe taswirar RaidVickingVect.imp da aka kwafi zuwa GPS a Land, adana saitunanku, ba tare da mantawa da adanawa ba. saitunan Layer a cikin yumbu fayil.

Yi amfani da GPS

GPS yana nuna tayal ta hanyoyi biyu:

• Ikon R: directory inda aka adana fayilolinku,
• Ikon V: ga kowane taswirar vector.

Lokacin da aka duba R “Bitmap” (kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa): Ana nuna taswirori biyu. Idan an duba gunkin V "Vector", duka biyun dole ne a duba su. Sanya Layer mai lanƙwasa a saman jerin.

Ƙarshe a cikin GPS (a cikin hoton hoton, ƙudurin hoton shine 72 dpi, akan allon GPS wannan ƙudurin hoto ne na kusan 300 dpi, wato, ƙudurin yana ƙaruwa sau 4 akan allon GPS). Yi la'akari da cewa saitin hanyoyin sararin sama don demo na ƙasa yana nan a cikin GPS. Matsayin zuƙowa a cikin wannan hoton hoton shine 1/8, wanda ya ninka na keken dutse na yau da kullun. Keɓancewa yana ba ka damar daidaita kamanni da yanke shawarar ko za a nuna abubuwan taswira (kamar gunkin hoto).

A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan "demo" a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, keɓancewa ya sa "kyamarorin" su ɓace; A karkashin Layer na yawon shakatawa an ketare.

A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, matakin zuƙowa shine 1/15.

A ƙarshe, hoton allo na GPS (hoton da ke ƙasa), wanda ke buɗe filin dama daban-daban. An gabatar a lokaci guda:

• OSM vector tile,
• Tiles na kwandon shara,
• Katin IGN 1/50 (ƙasar da ta dace),

Note:

• Cewa masu lanƙwan "daidai" madaidaicin IGN, don haka DEM da aka yi amfani da shi abin dogaro ne,
• Keɓancewa yana ba ku damar sanya abubuwan vector a gaba ko bayan taswirar IGN,

Mai amfani na iya:

• Kawar da jinkiri ko gibi wajen sabunta taswirori daban-daban,
• Haɓaka maɗaukaki ɗaya (misali ...),
• ƙara ma'aunin taimako "DEM" domin taswirar ta kasance a cikin 2D ko 3D.

Ko kawai sami taswirar hawan vector.

Misali na saita taswira, hotuna biyu na allon GPS (72 dpi / 300 dpi allon, wanda shine mafi kyawun sau 4) wannan ƙauyen ɗaya ne, hoton da ke hannun dama yana ɗan ƙara girma. Abin da aka keɓance: kauri daga cikin masu lankwasa shine 2 pixels maimakon 1 pixels, launi na amfanin gona, gandun daji, tsarin gine-gine. Komai yana iya daidaitawa, kuma don canja wurin ko canja wurin wannan keɓancewa daga katin ɗaya zuwa wani, ya isa ya kwafin fayil ɗin yumbu.