Yadda ake duba mai farawa
Abubuwa
Mai farawa yana da alhakin fara injin konewa na cikin motar, kuma idan ya ƙi yin aiki, fara motar ya zama mai wahala. yawanci, yana kasawa ba nan take ba, amma a hankali, kuma, kula da halinsa, yana yiwuwa a lissafta raguwa ta alamun. Idan ba za a iya yin wannan ba, to, dole ne ku bincika Starter, duka tare da ingantattun hanyoyin da amfani da multimeter.
Duba sauri na solenoid gudun ba da sanda ko farar mota za a iya yi ba tare da cire daga mota ko fitar da shi daga karkashin kaho. Don irin wannan gwajin, za ku buƙaci baturi mai caji da wayoyi biyu na wuta kawai. Kuma domin duba anka, goge ko fara iska, dole ne ka tarwatsa da ringi da multitester.
Yadda ake duba baturin farawa
Bari mu fara gano farkon ingin konewa na ciki tare da tambayar farko da yawancin masu motoci suka yi - yadda za a duba mai farawa a kan baturi kuma menene irin wannan binciken zai nuna?
Irin wannan magudi yana ba ka damar ƙayyade daidai aikin mai farawa, saboda lokacin da yake kan injin konewa na ciki, ban da dannawa (idan an ji su ba shakka), kadan za a iya faɗi game da aikin na'urar. Saboda haka, ta hanyar rufe tashoshi tare da jagora a kan retractor da Starter gidaje, yana yiwuwa a iya ƙayyade kasancewar raguwa a cikin relayer retractor ko mai farawa kanta, ta hanyar ganin ko an kunna relay kuma ko motar ta fara juyawa.
Dubawa idan mai farawa ya juya
Duba mai farawa a matakai 3 masu sauƙi
Ana iya amfani da baturi don gwada ƙarfin mai farawa don tsawaita kayan aiki da karkatarwa (hakan zai yi aiki idan an saka shi a cikin mota).
Don gwajin, kuna buƙatar gyara sashin amintacce, tashar tashar "-" haɗi zuwa jikida kuma "+" - zuwa babban tasha na relay da tuntuɓar haɗa shi... Lokacin aiki da kyau yakamata a cire bendix kuma a gungura motar gear.
Yadda za a duba daban kowane daga cikin nodes na injin fara na'urar, za mu yi la'akari a fili da kuma daki-daki.
Yadda ake duba relay na solenoid
domin duba Starter solenoid gudun ba da sanda, kana bukatar haɗa tabbataccen tashar baturin zuwa gare shida kuma rage - zuwa jikin na'urar... Lokacin da gudun ba da sanda ke aiki da kyau, gear bendix zai fita tare da dannawa na musamman.
Ana duba gudun ba da sanda na solenoid tare da baturi
Ana duba mafarin ja da baya
Kayan aikin bazai tsawaita ba saboda:
- ƙona lambobin mai retractor;
- matsakaita anka;
- ƙonawar injin farawa ko iskar gudun ba da sanda.
Yadda ake duba goge goge
Ana iya duba goge ta hanyoyi da yawa, mafi sauƙi daga cikinsu shine dubawa tare da kwan fitila 12 volt... Don yin wannan, haɗa ɗaya tashoshi na kwan fitila zuwa mariƙin goga, ɗayan kuma zuwa jiki, idan ya kasance. zai haskaka, to goga na buƙatar maye gurbin, saboda akwai lalacewa a cikin kariya.
Duban goge goge na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa ƙasa
Na biyu hanyar duba goge - tare da multimeter - za'a iya yin shi akan farawar da aka tarwatsa. Aikin zai kasance duba gajere zuwa ƙasa (kada a rufe). Don bincika tare da ohmmeter, ana auna juriya tsakanin farantin tushe da buroshi - juriya dole ne ya tafi marar iyaka.
Har ila yau, lokacin da ake wargaza taron goga, dole ne mu gudanar da binciken gani na goge-goge, masu tarawa, bushings, winding da armature. Lalle ne, a lokacin ci gaban bushings, a halin yanzu drawdown a farawa da kuma m aiki na mota na iya faruwa, da kuma lalace ko kone. mai tarawa zai “ci” goge kawai... Karye bushes, ban da bayar da gudummawa ga rashin daidaituwa na armature da rashin daidaituwa na goge goge, yana ƙara haɗarin juyawa-zuwa-juyawa na rufewa.
Yadda ake duba bendix
Hakanan ana bincika aikin Starter bendix a sauƙaƙe. Wajibi ne a matse gidan da aka mamaye a cikin vise (ta hanyar gasket mai laushi, don kar a lalata shi) kuma a yi ƙoƙarin gungurawa baya da baya, bai kamata ya juya a bangarorin biyu ba. Juyawa - gazawar tana cikin rigima mai yawa, domin lokacin da kake ƙoƙarin juyawa ta wata hanya, ya kamata ya tsaya. Har ila yau, bendix bazai shiga ba, kuma mai farawa zai yi amfani da shi idan ya kwanta kawai ko kuma an ci hakora. Lalacewar kayan aikin ana ƙaddara ta hanyar dubawa na gani, amma ana iya ƙayyade abin da ya faru ta hanyar tarwatsa komai gaba ɗaya da tsaftace akwatin gear daga datti, busasshen mai a cikin injin.
Fitilar sarrafawa don duba iska mai farawa
Yadda za a duba mai farawa mai kunnawa
The Starter stator winding na iya zama duba tare da na'urar gano aibi ko kwan fitila mai karfin 220 V... Ka'idar wannan rajistan za ta kasance kama da duba goge. Muna haɗa kwan fitila har zuwa 100 W a cikin jeri tsakanin iska da harka na stator. Mun haɗa waya ɗaya zuwa akwati, na biyu zuwa tashar iska (daga farkon zuwa ɗaya, sannan zuwa ɗayan) - yana haskakawa, yana nufin akwai lalacewa... Babu irin wannan iko - muna ɗaukar ohmmeter kuma auna juriya - yakamata ya kasance kusan 10 kΩ.
Ana bincika iska na rotor mai farawa daidai daidai - muna kunna sarrafawa a cikin hanyar sadarwar 220V kuma muna amfani da fitarwa ɗaya zuwa farantin mai tattara, ɗayan kuma zuwa ainihin - yana haskakawa, yana nufin ana buƙatar juyawa windings ko gaba daya maye gurbin rotor.
Yadda za a duba fara armature
domin duba farkon anga, kana bukatar samar da wutar lantarki 12V daga baturi kai tsaye zuwa mafari, ƙetaren gudun ba da sanda. Idan ya karkatarwa, to, komai yana tare da shiidan ba haka ba, to ko dai akwai matsala tare da shi ko kuma tare da goge. Shiru, ba jujjuya ba - kuna buƙatar komawa zuwa rarrabuwa don ƙarin bincike na gani da dubawa tare da multimeter (a cikin yanayin ohmmeter).
Duba armature mai farawa tare da baturi
Duba anka a kan PPJ
Babban matsaloli tare da anga:
- rushewar iska a kan akwati (duba tare da multimeter);
- wayoyi na jagorar masu tarawa (ana iya gani yayin cikakken dubawa);
- juyawa-zuwa-juya ƙulli na iskar (duba kawai tare da na'urar PPYa ta musamman).
An kona lamellas saboda rashin mu'amala tsakanin zakara da shank
Sau da yawa, ana iya ƙayyade rufewar iska ta cikakken dubawa na gani:
- shavings da sauran conductive barbashi tsakanin tara lamellas;
- konewar lamellas saboda haɗuwa tsakanin iska mai iska da zakara.
haka ma sau da yawa rashin daidaituwar lalacewa na mai tarawa yana haifar da lalacewa da goge goge da gazawar mai farawa. Alal misali: ƙaddamar da rufi a cikin rata tsakanin lamellas, saboda daidaitawar mai tarawa game da axis na shaft.
Yadda ake dubawa da multimeter
Sau da yawa, mai mallakar mota na yau da kullun ba shi da damar dubawa tare da fitilar sarrafawa ko mai gano kuskure, don haka Hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don duba mai farawa shine duba baturin kuma tare da multimeter... Za mu duba goge da windings na mai farawa don ɗan gajeren kewayawa, a cikin megger ko ci gaba halaye, da kuma relay windings don ƙaramin juriya.
Duba mai farawa tare da multimeter
Ragewa da duba duk sassan mai farawa
Don haka, yadda za a duba mai farawa tare da multimeter - kawai kuna buƙatar kwakkwance shi kuma auna juriya tsakanin:
- goge da farantin karfe;
- iska da gidaje;
- faranti mai tattarawa da kuma ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa;
- Starter gidaje da kuma stator winding;
- ƙonewa kashe lamba da akai-akai da, shi ne kuma shunt bolt don haɗa tashin hankali windings na Starter lantarki motor (an duba yanayin gudun ba da sanda winding). Lokacin da yake da kyau, ya kamata ya zama 1-1,5 ohms;
- tashar tashar tashar wutar lantarki da kuma mahalli na relay traction (ana duba riƙon iskar solenoid). Ya kamata ya zama 2-2,5 ohms.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa juriya na armature windings yana da kankanta kuma ba za a iya ƙayyade shi tare da multimeter na al'ada ba, don haka za ku iya kawai kunna windings don rashin hutu (kowane mai tara lamella ya kamata ya yi sauti tare da duk sauran) ko duba ƙarfin lantarki. sauke (yakamata ya zama iri ɗaya ga kowa) akan lamellas da ke kusa lokacin da aka yi amfani da DC akan su (kimanin 1A).
A ƙarshe, mun gabatar muku da tebur pivot, wanda ya ƙunshi bayanai kan hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don bincika wannan ko wancan ɓangaren na farawa.
| Abubuwan da aka bincika da hanyoyin | Solenoid gudun ba da sanda | Anchor | Buga masu farawa | Tukunna mai farawa | Bendix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multimita | |||||
| Na gani | |||||
| Baturi | |||||
| Hasken fitila | |||||
| Na inji |
Ina fatan wannan bayanin ya taimaka muku koyon yadda ake duba mai farawa da hannuwanku a cikin gareji, kuna da baturi ko multimeter kawai a wurin ku. Kamar yadda kake gani, duba mai farawa don aiki maiyuwa baya buƙatar kayan aiki na ƙwararru ko ilimin zane-zanen wayoyi. Ana bukata kawai basira na asali ta amfani da ohmmeter da mai gwadawa tare da fitilar sarrafawa. Amma don ƙwararrun gyare-gyare, ana kuma buƙatar PPI - na'urar duba anka.
