Yadda za'a bincika murfin ƙonewa tare da multimeter
Abubuwa
Idan murfin wutan ya kasa, injin motar zamani zai daina farawa. Binciken komputa na mota ba koyaushe yake ƙayyade matsalar komowar komputa ba; a irin wannan yanayin, tsohuwar hanyar da aka tabbatar ta duba ta ta amfani da na'urar duniya (multimeter) a cikin yanayin auna ƙarfin juriya na ohmic ba ya kasawa.
Dalilin murfin ƙonewa da nau'ikan sa
Wutar ƙonewa (wanda ake kira bobbin) yana canza tasirin lantarki daga batirin jirgin zuwa babban ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, ana amfani da shi zuwa matosai na walƙiya da aka sanya a cikin silinda, kuma yana haifar da walƙiya ta lantarki a cikin ratar iska. An samar da bugun jini mai ƙarancin ƙarfi a cikin chopper (mai rarrabawa), mai sauyawa (ƙara ƙwanƙwasawa) ko kuma na'urar sarrafa injiniya (ECU)
Don raunin wutar lantarki na ruɓar iska mai walƙiya na tsari na 0,5-1,0 mm, ana buƙatar bugun jini da ƙarfin lantarki na aƙalla kilogram 5 (kV) a kowace mm na tazarar 1 mm, watau dole ne a yi amfani da tasirin lantarki tare da ƙarfin lantarki akalla 10 kV a kyandir. Don ƙarin aminci, la'akari da asarar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin wayoyin haɗin haɗi da ƙarin ƙayyadadden maɓallin tsayayya, ƙarfin wutar da murfin kerawa ya isa har zuwa 12-20 kV.
Hankali! Babban bugun wutar lantarki daga murfin ƙonewa yana da haɗari ga mutane kuma ma yana iya haifar da girgizar lantarki! Saukewa yana da haɗari musamman ga mutanen da ke da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin zuciya.
Gnitionirƙirar murfin igiya
Karkashin murfin wutar lantarki mai daukar wuta ne mai dauke da windings 2 - low-voltage da kuma high-voltage, ko kuma autotransformer wanda duka windings din suke da mu'amala daya, wanda aka sanyawa suna "K" (jiki). Tashin farko yana da rauni tare da igiyar jan ƙarfe wacce aka zana ta babban diamita 0,53-0,86 mm kuma ya ƙunshi juyawa 100-200. Ana yin rauni na sakandare tare da waya tare da diamita na 0,07-0,085 mm kuma yana dauke da juyawa 20.000-30.000.
Lokacin da injina ke aiki kuma camshaft yana juyawa, aikin cam na mai rarrabawa a hankali yana rufewa kuma yana buɗe lambobin, kuma a lokacin buɗewa, canjin da yake gudana yanzu a cikin yanayin farko na murfin ƙonewar wuta bisa ga dokar haɓakar lantarki ya haifar da babban ƙarfin lantarki.
A cikin irin wannan makircin, wanda aka yi amfani dashi har zuwa 90s, lambobin lantarki a cikin hanyar buɗewa sau da yawa suna ƙonewa, kuma a cikin shekaru 20-30 na ƙarshe, masana'antun kayan aikin lantarki sun maye gurbin masu amfani da injina tare da maɓuɓɓuka masu aminci, kuma a cikin motocin zamani, aikin naúrar ƙwanƙwasa ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar sashin sarrafa injin, wanda a ciki akwai maɓallin kewayawa.
Wani lokaci maɓallin yana da tsari a haɗe tare da murfin ƙonewa, kuma idan ya gaza, dole ne ku canza maɓallin tare da murfin.
Nau'in murfin ƙonewa
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙonewa guda 4 da aka yi amfani da su a cikin motoci:
- gama gari ga dukkan tsarin ƙonewa;
- tagwaye na kowa (na injunan silinda 4);
- janar sau uku (don injunan silinda 6);
- mutum ga kowane silinda, ninki biyu.
Ma'aurata biyu da sau uku a lokaci guda suna haifar da tartsatsin wuta a cikin silinda masu aiki a lokaci guda.
Duba lafiyar murfin ƙonewa tare da multimeter
Fara duba murfin ƙonewa tare da "ci gaba", watau. auna juriya na windings na waya.
Duba murfin wuta na kowa
Duba murfin yakamata ya fara da farko. Juriya ta iska, saboda ƙananan juyawar waya mai kauri, shima ya yi ƙasa, a cikin kewayon daga 0,2 zuwa 3 Ohm, ya danganta da samfurin kewaya, kuma ana auna shi a cikin wurin sauya multimeter "200 Ohm".
Ana auna ƙimar juriya tsakanin tashoshin "+" da "K" na murfin. Bayan kiran lambobin "+" da "K", ya kamata ku auna juriya na murfin mai karfin lantarki (wanda yakamata a canza mitar ta multimeter zuwa "matsayin 20 kOhm") tsakanin tashoshin "K" da fitarwa na waya mai ƙarfin lantarki.
Don yin hulɗa tare da tashar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, taɓa binciken multimeter zuwa lambar jan ƙarfe a cikin mahimmin haɗin haɗin waya mai ƙarfi. Juriyar ƙarfin iska mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ya kasance tsakanin 2-3 kOhm.
Wani gagarumin karkacewa na juriya na kowane ɗayan murfin daga abin da ya dace (a cikin mawuyacin hali, ɗan gajeren zagaye ko wata hanyar zagaye) a fili yana nuna rashin ingancinsa da buƙatar maye gurbinsa.
Duba coils na wuta biyu
Gwajin murfin wuta guda biyu ya bambanta kuma da ɗan wahala. A cikin waɗannan murhunan, yawanci ana fitar da jagororin farko don zuwa mahaɗin fil, kuma don ci gaba, kana buƙatar sanin waɗanne makullin mahaɗin da aka haɗa da su.
Akwai tashoshi masu ƙarfin lantarki guda biyu don irin waɗannan murhunan, kuma yakamata a kunna sakandare ta biyu ta hanyar tuntuɓar masu bincike na multimeter tare da tashoshin lantarki masu ƙarfi, yayin da juriyar da aka auna ta multimeter na iya zama ta ɗan fi ta wadda ke ɗin ɗin ta gama gari ga duka tsarin, kuma ya wuce 4 kΩ.
Duba murfin wutar mutum
Dalilin rashin tartsatsin wuta tare da kunshin wutar mutum, ban da gazawar murfin kanta (wanda aka bincika tare da multimeter kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama), na iya zama matsalar aiki da ƙarin resistor ɗin da aka gina a cikinsu. Ana iya cire wannan ƙarfin a sauƙaƙe daga murfin, bayan haka ya kamata a auna ƙarfinsa tare da multimeter. Resistanceimar juriya ta yau da kullun ta fara ne daga 0,5 kΩ zuwa kΩ da yawa, kuma idan multimeter ya nuna kewayewa, maɓallin ba shi da kyau kuma dole ne a sauya shi, bayan haka kuma yawanci walƙiya yakan bayyana.
Umarni na bidiyo don bincika murfin ƙonewa
Tambayoyi & Amsa:
Yadda za a duba gunkin wuta na VAZ tare da multimeter? Wannan yana sauƙaƙa wargaza coil ɗin. Ana auna juriya akan duka iska. Dangane da nau'in nada, lambobin sadarwa na iska za su kasance a wurare daban-daban.
Yadda za a gwada nada tare da multimeter? Na farko, an haɗa bincike zuwa iskar farko (juriya a cikinta yakamata ya kasance cikin kewayon 0.5-3.5 ohms). Ana yin irin wannan aikin tare da iska na biyu.
Zan iya duba gunkin wuta? A cikin gareji, zaku iya bincika murɗar wuta kawai tare da nau'in baturi (tsohuwar samarwa) da kanku. Ana duba coils na zamani a sabis na mota kawai.
