Yadda ake bincika janareta don aiki ta amfani da multimeter da sauran hanyoyin

Cibiyar sadarwa ta kan jirgin ta haɗa da tushen makamashi, masu amfani da na'urar ajiya. Ana ɗaukar ƙarfin da ake buƙata daga crankshaft ta hanyar bel ɗin zuwa janareta. Batirin ajiya (ACB) yana kula da wutar lantarki a cikin hanyar sadarwa lokacin da babu fitarwa daga janareta ko bai isa ya kunna masu amfani ba.

Don aiki na al'ada, wajibi ne don sake cika cajin da aka rasa, wanda za'a iya hana shi ta hanyar rashin aiki a cikin janareta, mai sarrafawa, sauyawa ko wayoyi.

Tsarin haɗin baturin tare da janareta da farawa

Tsarin yana da sauƙi, yana wakiltar cibiyar sadarwar DC tare da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na 12 volts, ko da yake yayin aiki yana da goyon baya kadan mafi girma, game da 14 volts, wanda wajibi ne don cajin baturi.

Tsarin ya hada da:

• alternator, yawanci dynamo mai hawa uku tare da ginanniyar gyarawa, relay-regulator, iskar tashin hankali a cikin na'ura mai juyi da kuma iskar wutar lantarki akan stator;
• nau'in baturi na gubar-acid mai farawa, wanda ya ƙunshi sel shida da aka haɗa a jere tare da ruwa, gley ko electrolyte wanda ke haifar da tsari mai laushi;
• wutar lantarki da sarrafa wayoyi, relay da fuse kwalaye, fitilar matukin jirgi da voltmeter, wani lokacin ammeter.

An haɗa janareta da baturi zuwa da'irar samar da wutar lantarki. Ana daidaita cajin ta hanyar daidaita wutar lantarki a cikin hanyar sadarwa a matakin 14-14,5 Volts, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa an sake cajin baturin kusan zuwa matsakaicin, sannan ƙarshen cajin halin yanzu saboda haɓakar EMF na ciki na baturi yayin da makamashi ke tarawa.

Stabilizer a kan janareta na zamani an gina shi a cikin ƙirar su kuma yawanci ana haɗa shi tare da taron goga. Ginin da aka haɗa a ciki yana ci gaba da auna ƙarfin lantarki a cikin hanyar sadarwa kuma, dangane da matakinsa, yana ƙaruwa ko rage haɓakar haɓakar janareta ta hanyar jujjuyawar juyi a cikin yanayin maɓalli.

Sadarwa tare da iska yana faruwa ta hanyar haɗin kai a cikin nau'i na lamellar ko mai tara zobe da goge-goge-ƙarfe.

Yadda za a cire alternator da maye gurbin goge Audi A6 C5

Rotor mai jujjuyawar yana ƙirƙirar filin maganadisu mai canzawa wanda ke haifar da halin yanzu a cikin iskar stator. Waɗannan muryoyi ne masu ƙarfi, an raba su ta kusurwar juyawa zuwa matakai uku. Kowannen su yana aiki a kafadarsa na gadar gyara diode a cikin tsari mai matakai uku.

Yawancin lokaci, gada ta ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i guda uku na silicon diodes tare da ƙarin ƙarin masu kula da ƙananan wutar lantarki guda uku don samar da wutar lantarki, suna kuma auna ƙarfin fitarwa don tsarin kan layi na halin yanzu.

Batir yana gyaggyara ƙaramar ɗigon wutar lantarki mai matakai uku da aka gyara, don haka na yanzu a cikin hanyar sadarwar kusan ya dace kuma ya dace da ƙarfin kowane mabukaci.

Yadda ake gano idan cajin yana tafiya daga mai canzawa zuwa baturi

Don nuna rashin caji, an yi nufin jajayen haske mai dacewa akan dashboard. Amma ba koyaushe tana ba da bayanai akan lokaci ba, ana iya samun wasu gazawa. Na'urar voltmeter zai gabatar da yanayin daidai.

Wani lokaci ana samun wannan na'urar azaman daidaitaccen kayan aikin mota. Amma zaka iya amfani da multimeter. Wutar lantarki a cikin cibiyar sadarwar kan-board, wanda ake son auna kai tsaye a tashoshin baturi, dole ne ya zama aƙalla 14 volts tare da injin yana gudana.

Zai iya bambanta kaɗan zuwa ƙasa idan baturin ya ƙare a wani bangare kuma ya ɗauki babban caji na halin yanzu. Ƙarfin janareta yana da iyaka kuma ƙarfin lantarki zai ragu.

Nan da nan bayan mai farawa yana gudana, baturin EMF yana raguwa, sannan a hankali ya murmure. Haɗin masu amfani masu ƙarfi yana rage jinkirin cika cajin. Ƙara juyi yana ƙara matakin a cikin hanyar sadarwa.

Idan wutan lantarki ya faɗi kuma bai ƙaru ba, janareta ba zai yi aiki ba, baturin zai fita a hankali, injin zai tsaya kuma ba zai yiwu a kunna shi da mai kunnawa ba.

Duba sashin injina na janareta

Tare da wasu ilimi da ƙwarewa, ana iya dawo da janareta da kansa. Wani lokaci ba tare da cire shi daga cikin mota ba, amma yana da kyau a wargaje shi kuma a wargaje shi.

Matsaloli na iya tasowa kawai tare da kwance goro. Kuna buƙatar maƙarƙashiya mai tasiri ko babban vise mai santsi. Lokacin yin aiki tare da kwaya, yana yiwuwa a dakatar da rotor kawai ta hanyar jan hankali, sauran sassan za su lalace.

Duba gani

A sassan janareta kada a sami alamun konewa, nakasar sassan filastik da sauran alamun zafi mai tsanani.

Tsawon gogewa yana tabbatar da kusancinsu tare da mai tarawa, kuma dole ne su motsa ƙarƙashin aikin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ba tare da ƙugiya da wedging ba.

Babu alamun iskar shaka a kan wayoyi da tashoshi, duk masu ɗaure suna da ƙarfi amintacce. Rotor yana jujjuyawa ba tare da hayaniya ba, koma baya da cunkoso.

Bearings (bushings)

Ana ɗora nauyin rotor bearings da bel ɗin tuƙi mai ɗaurewa. Wannan yana ƙara tsanantawa da babban saurin juyawa, kusan ninki biyu fiye da na crankshaft.

Shekarun man shafawa, ƙwallaye da keji suna ƙarƙashin rami - gajiyawar ƙarfe. Ƙunƙarar ta fara yin hayaniya da rawar jiki, wanda ake gani a fili lokacin da ake juya juzu'in da hannu. Irin waɗannan sassan dole ne a maye gurbinsu nan da nan.

Duba sashin lantarki na janareta tare da multimeter

Ana iya gano da yawa ta hanyar tafiyar da janareta tare da voltmeter, ammeter da lodi akan tsayawa, amma a cikin yanayin mai son wannan ba gaskiya bane. A mafi yawan lokuta, gwaji a tsaye tare da ohmmeter, wanda shine ɓangare na multimeter mara tsada, ya wadatar.

Gada Diode (mai gyara)

Diodes gada kofofin siliki ne waɗanda ke gudanar da halin yanzu a gaba kuma ana kulle su lokacin da aka juya polarity.

Wato, ohmmeter a cikin hanya ɗaya zai nuna darajar tsari na 0,6-0,8 kOhm da hutu, wato, rashin iyaka, a cikin kishiyar shugabanci. Ya kamata a tabbatar da cewa ba a rufe wani sashi da wani da ke wuri guda.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, ba a ba da diodes daban ba kuma ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba. Dukan taron gada yana da siye, kuma wannan ya cancanta, tunda ɓangarorin da ke da zafi suna ƙasƙantar da sigogi kuma suna da ƙarancin zafi zuwa farantin sanyaya. Anan lambar sadarwar lantarki ta karye.

Rotor

Ana duba rotor don juriya (ta ringi). Gudun iska yana da ƙima na ohms da yawa, yawanci 3-4. Bai kamata ya kasance yana da gajerun kewayawa zuwa yanayin ba, wato, ohmmeter zai nuna rashin iyaka.

Akwai yuwuwar jujjuyawar gajere, amma ba za a iya bincika wannan tare da multimeter ba.

 Stator

The stator windings ringing a cikin wannan hanya, a nan juriya ne ko da ƙananan. Sabili da haka, kawai kuna iya tabbatar da cewa babu hutu da gajeriyar kewayawa zuwa yanayin, sau da yawa wannan ya isa, amma ba koyaushe ba.

Matsalolin da suka fi rikitarwa suna buƙatar gwaji a wurin tsayawa ko ta maye gurbinsa da sanannen sashi mai kyau.

Mai sarrafa cajin baturi mai sarrafa wutar lantarki

A zahiri ohmmeter ba shi da amfani a nan, amma kuna iya haɗa da'ira daga wutar lantarki mai daidaitacce, multimeter voltmeter da kwan fitila.

Fitilar da aka haɗa da goga ya kamata ta haskaka lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan guntu mai sarrafa ya faɗi ƙasa da 14 volts kuma ya fita fiye da haka, wato, canza iskar tashin hankali lokacin da ƙimar kofa ta ketare.

Goge da zoben zamewa

Ana sarrafa goge goge ta ragowar tsayin da 'yancin motsi. Tare da ɗan gajeren tsayi, a kowane hali, dole ne a maye gurbin su tare da sababbi tare da haɗin gwiwar relay-regulator, wannan ba shi da tsada, kuma ana samun kayan gyara.

Dole ne ma'aunin rotor ya kasance ba ya da kuna ko alamun lalacewa mai zurfi. Ana cire ƙananan gurɓatawa tare da takarda yashi, kuma tare da ci gaba mai zurfi, mai tarawa zai iya maye gurbinsa a mafi yawan lokuta.

Ana duba kasancewar haɗin zoben tare da iska ta hanyar ohmeters, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin gwajin rotor. Idan ba a kawo zoben zamewa ba, to ana canza taron rotor.