Yadda ake duba DBP

Idan kun yi zargin raguwar cikakkiyar firikwensin iska a cikin manifold, masu ababen hawa suna sha'awar tambayar ko yadda za a duba DBP da hannuwanku. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyoyi biyu - ta amfani da multimeter, da kuma amfani da kayan aikin software.

Duk da haka, don yin rajistan DBP tare da multimeter, kuna buƙatar samun da'irar lantarki ta mota a hannu don sanin waɗanne lambobin sadarwa don haɗa na'urorin multimeter zuwa.

Alamomin raunin DAD

Tare da cikakkiyar gazawar firikwensin matsi (kuma ana kiranta firikwensin MAP, Manifold Absolute Pressure) a zahiri, rushewar tana bayyana kanta a cikin yanayi masu zuwa:

• Yawan amfani da man fetur. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa firikwensin yana watsa bayanan da ba daidai ba game da matsa lamba na iska a cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) wanda ke aika da bayanan da ba daidai ba a kan ma'auni na iska a cikin nau'i na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i-nau'.
• Rage ƙarfin injin konewa na ciki. Wannan yana bayyana kanta a cikin raunin hanzari da rashin isassun motsi lokacin da motar ke motsawa sama da / ko cikin yanayin da aka ɗora.
• Akwai kamshin mai mai daurewa a wurin magudanar ruwa. Hakan kuwa ya faru ne saboda yadda ta ke ta malala.
• Gudun aiki mara ƙarfi. Ƙimar su ko dai ta faɗi ko ta tashi ba tare da danna fedal ɗin totur ba, kuma yayin tuƙi, ana jin bugun harbin kuma motar tana murzawa.
• "Rashin kasawa" na injunan konewa na ciki a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, wato, lokacin da ake canza kaya, fara motar daga wuri, sake sakewa.
• Matsalolin fara injin. Bugu da ƙari, duka "zafi" da "sanyi".
• Ƙirƙira a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kurakurai na naúrar lantarki tare da lambobin p0105, p0106, p0107, p0108 da p0109.

Yawancin alamun gazawar da aka bayyana gaba ɗaya ne kuma ana iya haifar da su ta wasu dalilai. Don haka, ya kamata koyaushe ku yi cikakkiyar ganewar asali, kuma kuna buƙatar farawa, da farko, ta hanyar bincika kurakurai a cikin kwamfutar.

Kyakkyawan zaɓi don bincike shine autoscanner iri-iri iri-iri Rokodil ScanX Pro. Irin wannan na'urar zai ba da damar duka biyu don karanta kurakurai da duba bayanai daga firikwensin a ainihin lokacin. Godiya ga guntu KW680 da goyan bayan CAN, J1850PWM, J1850VPW, ka'idojin ISO9141, zaku iya haɗa shi zuwa kusan kowace mota tare da OBD2.

Yadda cikakken firikwensin matsa lamba ke aiki

Kafin ka bincika cikakkiyar firikwensin iska, kana buƙatar fahimtar tsarinsa da ƙa'idar aiki a cikin sharuddan gabaɗaya. Wannan zai sauƙaƙe tsarin tabbatarwa kanta da daidaiton sakamakon.

Don haka, a cikin gidaje na firikwensin akwai ɗakin sarari tare da ma'aunin ma'auni ( resistor wanda ke canza juriyar wutar lantarki dangane da nakasar) da membrane, waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haɗin gada zuwa da'irar lantarki na motar (a wajen magana, zuwa sashin kula da lantarki, ECU). A sakamakon aikin injin konewa na ciki, canjin iska yana canzawa, wanda aka gyara ta membrane kuma idan aka kwatanta da injin (saboda haka sunan - firikwensin matsa lamba "cikakken"). Ana watsa bayanai game da canjin matsa lamba zuwa kwamfutar, bisa ga abin da sashin kulawa ya yanke shawarar adadin man da aka ba da shi don samar da cakuda mai-iska mai kyau. Cikakken zagayowar firikwensin shine kamar haka:

• A ƙarƙashin rinjayar bambancin matsa lamba, membrane ya lalace.
• Ƙayyadadden ƙayyadadden ƙayyadadden ƙwayar membrane yana gyarawa ta hanyar ma'auni.
• Tare da taimakon haɗin gada, ana jujjuya juriya mai canzawa zuwa wutar lantarki mai canzawa, wanda aka watsa zuwa sashin sarrafa lantarki.
• Dangane da bayanan da aka karɓa, ECU tana daidaita adadin man da ake bayarwa ga masu allurar.

Ana haɗa na'urori masu auna matsa lamba na zamani zuwa kwamfutar ta amfani da wayoyi uku - wuta, ƙasa da sigina. Saboda haka, ainihin tabbatarwa sau da yawa yakan gangaro zuwa gaskiyar cewa don yin hakan ta amfani da multimeter, bincika ƙimar juriya da ƙarfin lantarki akan ƙayyadaddun wayoyi a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na injin konewa na ciki. gabaɗaya da firikwensin wato. Wasu firikwensin MAP suna da wayoyi huɗu. Baya ga wadannan wayoyi guda uku, ana kara na hudu a cikinsu, inda ake watsa bayanai game da yanayin zafin da ake ciki a ma'aunin sha.

A yawancin ababen hawa, madaidaicin firikwensin matsa lamba yana tsaye daidai akan nau'in abin da ake ɗauka. Akan tsofaffin motocin, ana iya kasancewa akan layukan iska masu sassauƙa kuma an daidaita shi zuwa jikin abin hawa. A cikin yanayin daidaita injin turbocharged, ana sanya DBP sau da yawa akan tashoshin iska.

Idan matsa lamba a cikin nau'in abin sha ya yi ƙasa, to, ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta siginar ta firikwensin shima zai yi ƙasa kaɗan, kuma akasin haka, yayin da matsin ya ƙaru, ƙarfin fitarwar da ake watsawa azaman sigina daga DBP zuwa ECU shima yana ƙaruwa. Don haka, tare da cikakken buɗaɗɗen damper, wato, a ƙananan matsa lamba (kimanin 20 kPa, daban-daban don na'urori daban-daban), ƙimar ƙarfin siginar zai kasance a cikin kewayon 1 ... 1,5 Volts. Tare da damper da aka rufe, wato, a babban matsa lamba (kimanin 110 kPa da sama), ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki daidai zai zama 4,6 ... 4,8 Volts.

Ana duba firikwensin DBP

Duba cikakken firikwensin matsa lamba a cikin manifold ya sauko zuwa gaskiyar cewa da farko kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa yana da tsabta, kuma, daidai da haka, da hankali ga canjin canjin iska, sannan gano juriya da ƙarfin fitarwa yayin aikin injin konewa na ciki.

Tsaftace madaidaicin firikwensin matsa lamba

Da fatan za a lura cewa sakamakon aikinsa, cikakkiyar firikwensin matsa lamba a hankali yana toshewa da datti, wanda ke toshe aikin yau da kullun na membrane, wanda zai iya haifar da gazawar DBP. Don haka, kafin a duba firikwensin, dole ne a wargaje shi kuma a tsaftace shi.

Don yin tsaftacewa, dole ne a tarwatsa firikwensin daga wurin zama. Dangane da kerawa da samfurin abin hawa, hanyoyin hawa da wuri zasu bambanta. Turbocharged ICEs yawanci suna da cikakkun na'urori masu auna matsi guda biyu, ɗaya a cikin nau'in abin sha, ɗayan akan injin turbine. Yawancin lokaci ana haɗe firikwensin tare da kusoshi masu hawa ɗaya ko biyu.

Dole ne a aiwatar da tsabtace firikwensin a hankali, ta amfani da masu tsabtace carb na musamman ko masu tsabta iri ɗaya. A cikin aiwatar da tsaftacewa, kana buƙatar tsaftace jikinsa, da kuma lambobin sadarwa. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci kada a lalata zoben rufewa, abubuwan gidaje, lambobin sadarwa da membrane. Kuna buƙatar kawai yayyafa ƙaramin adadin kayan tsaftacewa a ciki kuma ku zuba shi baya tare da datti.

Sau da yawa, irin wannan tsaftacewa mai sauƙi ya riga ya dawo da aikin firikwensin MAP kuma babu buƙatar yin ƙarin magudi. Don haka bayan tsaftacewa, zaku iya sanya firikwensin iska a wurin kuma duba aikin injin konewa na ciki. Idan bai taimaka ba, to yana da daraja matsawa zuwa duba DBP tare da mai gwadawa.

Duba cikakken firikwensin matsa lamba tare da multimeter

Don bincika, gano daga littafin gyara wanne waya da tuntuɓar ke da alhakin abin da ke cikin wani firikwensin musamman, wato, ina wuta, ƙasa da wayoyi na sigina (sigina a yanayin firikwensin waya huɗu).

Domin gano yadda za a duba cikakken na'urar firikwensin matsa lamba tare da multimeter, da farko kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa wiring tsakanin kwamfutar da firikwensin kanta ba ta da ƙarfi kuma ba ta takaice a ko'ina, saboda daidaiton sakamakon zai dogara da wannan. . Hakanan ana yin wannan ta amfani da na'urar multimeter na lantarki. Tare da shi, kuna buƙatar bincika duka amincin wayoyi don hutu da amincin rufin (ƙayyade ƙimar juriya mai ƙarfi akan wayoyi ɗaya).

Yi la'akari da aiwatar da rajistan daidai akan misalin motar Chevrolet Lacetti. Yana da wayoyi uku masu dacewa da firikwensin - iko, ƙasa da sigina. Wayar siginar tana tafiya kai tsaye zuwa sashin sarrafa lantarki. "Mass" an haɗa shi da minuses na wasu na'urori masu auna firikwensin - zafin jiki na iska da ke shiga cikin silinda da kuma iskar oxygen. Ana haɗa waya mai ba da wutar lantarki zuwa firikwensin matsa lamba a cikin tsarin kwandishan. Ana yin ƙarin duba firikwensin DBP bisa ga algorithm mai zuwa:

• Kuna buƙatar cire haɗin tashar mara kyau daga baturi.
• Cire haɗin toshe daga naúrar sarrafa lantarki. Idan muka yi la'akari da Lacetti, to, wannan mota yana da shi a karkashin kaho a gefen hagu, kusa da baturi.
• Cire mai haɗawa daga madaidaicin firikwensin matsa lamba.
• Saita multimeter na lantarki don auna juriya na lantarki tare da kewayon kusan 200 ohms (dangane da takamaiman ƙirar multimeter).
• Bincika ƙimar juriya na masu binciken multimeter ta hanyar haɗa su kawai. Allon zai nuna ƙimar juriyar su, wanda daga baya za a buƙaci a yi la'akari da lokacin yin gwaji (yawanci yana kusan 1 ohm).
• Dole ne a haɗa binciken multimeter ɗaya zuwa fil lamba 13 akan toshe ECU. Hakazalika an haɗa bincike na biyu zuwa lambar farko ta toshe firikwensin. haka ake kiran wayar kasa. Idan wayar ba ta da kyau kuma ba a lalata rufinta ba, to, ƙimar juriya akan allon na'urar zata kasance kusan 1 ... 2 Ohm.
• na gaba kana buƙatar cire kayan aikin da wayoyi. Ana yin haka ne don tabbatar da cewa wayar ba ta lalace ba kuma ta canza juriyarta yayin da motar ke tafiya. A wannan yanayin, karatun da ke kan multimeter bai kamata ya canza ba kuma ya kasance daidai da matakin da yake a tsaye.
• Tare da bincike ɗaya, haɗa zuwa lambar lamba 50 akan toshe toshe, kuma tare da bincike na biyu, haɗa zuwa lamba na uku akan toshe firikwensin. wannan shine yadda wayar wutar lantarki ta "zobe", ta inda ake ba da daidaitattun 5 volts zuwa firikwensin.
• Idan wayar ba ta da kyau kuma ba ta lalace ba, to, ƙimar juriya akan allon multimeter shima zai kasance kusan 1 ... 2 Ohm. Hakazalika, kuna buƙatar cire kayan doki don hana lalacewar waya a cikin lasifikar.
• Haɗa bincike ɗaya zuwa fil lamba 75 akan toshe ECU, na biyu kuma zuwa lambar sadarwar siginar, wato lambar lamba biyu akan toshe firikwensin (tsakiya).
• Hakazalika, idan waya ba ta lalace ba, to, juriya na waya ya kamata ya zama kusan 1 ... 2 ohms. Hakanan kuna buƙatar cire kayan aiki tare da wayoyi don tabbatar da cewa haɗin gwiwa da rufin wayoyi suna da aminci.

Bayan duba amincin wayoyi da rufin su, kuna buƙatar bincika ko ikon ya zo ga firikwensin daga sashin sarrafa lantarki (ba da 5 Volts). Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sake haɗa toshewar kwamfutar zuwa sashin sarrafawa (saka shi a wurin zama). Bayan haka, muna mayar da tashar tashar a kan baturi kuma mu kunna wuta ba tare da kunna injin konewa na ciki ba. Tare da bincike na multimeter, canza zuwa yanayin ma'aunin wutar lantarki na DC, muna taɓa lambobin firikwensin - wadata da "ƙasa". Idan aka ba da wutar lantarki, to multimeter zai nuna darajar kusan 4,8 ... 4,9 volts.

Hakazalika, ana duba wutar lantarki tsakanin wayar siginar da "ƙasa". Kafin haka, kuna buƙatar fara injin konewa na ciki. sannan kuna buƙatar canza binciken zuwa lambobi masu dacewa akan firikwensin. Idan firikwensin yana cikin tsari, to, multimeter zai nuna bayani game da ƙarfin lantarki akan wayar siginar a cikin kewayon daga 0,5 zuwa 4,8 Volts. Karancin wutar lantarki yayi daidai da saurin aiki na injin konewa na ciki, kuma babban ƙarfin lantarki yayi daidai da babban gudun injin konewa na ciki.

Lura cewa iyakar ƙarfin lantarki (0 da 5 Volts) akan multimeter a yanayin aiki ba za su taɓa kasancewa ba. Ana yin wannan musamman don tantance yanayin DBP. Idan wutar lantarki ta kasance sifili, to, sashin kula da lantarki zai haifar da kuskure p0107 - ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, wato, fashewar waya. Idan ƙarfin lantarki yana da girma, to ECU zai ɗauki wannan a matsayin ɗan gajeren lokaci - kuskure p0108.

Gwajin sirinji

Kuna iya duba aikin na'urar firikwensin matsa lamba ta amfani da sirinji da za'a iya zubar da shi tare da ƙarar "cubes" 20. Hakanan, don tabbatarwa, kuna buƙatar bututun da aka hatimi, wanda dole ne a haɗa shi da firikwensin da aka tarwatsa kuma musamman zuwa wuyan sirinji.

Zai fi dacewa don amfani da bututun gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren wuta don motocin VAZ tare da ICE carburetor.

Don haka, don bincika DBP, kuna buƙatar tarwatsa cikakkiyar firikwensin matsa lamba daga wurin zama, amma barin guntu da aka haɗa da shi. Zai fi kyau a saka faifan ƙarfe a cikin lambobin sadarwa, kuma an riga an haɗa su da bincike (ko "crocodiles") na multimeter. Ya kamata a yi gwajin wutar lantarki kamar yadda aka bayyana a sashin da ya gabata. Ya kamata darajar wutar lantarki ta kasance tsakanin 4,8 ... 5,2 Volts.

Don duba siginar daga firikwensin, kuna buƙatar kunna wutar motar, amma kada ku fara injin konewa na ciki. A matsa lamba na yanayi na yau da kullun, ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki akan wayar siginar zata kasance kusan 4,5 volts. A wannan yanayin, sirinji dole ne ya kasance a cikin yanayin "matsi", wato, piston ɗinsa dole ne a nutsar da shi gaba ɗaya a cikin jikin sirinji. kara, don dubawa, kuna buƙatar cire piston daga sirinji. Idan firikwensin yana aiki, to ƙarfin lantarki zai ragu. Da kyau, tare da matsa lamba mai ƙarfi, ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki zai ragu zuwa ƙimar 0,5 volts. Idan ƙarfin lantarki ya faɗi kawai zuwa 1,5 ... 2 Volts kuma bai faɗi ƙasa ba, firikwensin ya yi kuskure.

Lura cewa cikakken firikwensin matsa lamba, kodayake na'urori masu dogara, suna da rauni sosai. Ba a gyara su ba. Saboda haka, idan firikwensin ya gaza, dole ne a maye gurbinsa da sabo.