Yadda mai ƙira yake adanawa a farashin mai siye: zaɓuɓɓuka 10

 

"Motar na iya zama ta kowane launi, amma da sharadin baƙar fata ce", -

in ji Henry Ford game da sanannen Model T. Wannan shi ne misali na farko na gwagwarmaya ta har abada tsakanin masana'antun da masu sayayya. Mai sarrafa motoci, ba shakka, yana ƙoƙari ya adana kuɗi gwargwadon iko akan abokin harka, amma a lokaci guda yana ƙoƙari ya yi duk abin da zai sa abokin ciniki ya so shi.

Kasuwancin mota na zamani cike yake da misalai na tanadi waɗanda basu da illa, kuma daga baya ma suna tafiya gefe da ƙafa ga maigidan da ba shi da hankali. Abinda aka fi sani shine sanya motoci wahalar gyarawa. Anan akwai jerin shahararrun shaidu guda 10.

1 Allon toshe

Tubalan aluminum wadanda basu da nauyi suna rage nauyin injin. Wannan ƙirar tana da fa'ida: aluminum yana da haɓakar zafin jiki mafi girma fiye da baƙin ƙarfe. An rufe bangon silinda a cikin irin wannan injin tare da nikasil (alloy na nickel, aluminum da carbides) ko alusil (tare da babban abun ciki na siliki).

Ayyukan irin wannan injin yana da kyau - yana da haske, yana da kyakkyawan geometry na Silinda saboda ƙarancin ƙarancin zafi. Koyaya, idan ana buƙatar babban gyara, mafita ɗaya kawai shine a yi amfani da hannun rigar gyarawa. Wannan yana sa gyare-gyare ya fi tsada idan aka kwatanta da nau'in simintin ƙarfe irin wannan.

2 Gyara bawul

Yawancin injuna na zamani suna buƙatar hanyar da ba ta da daɗi, mai sarkakiya da tsada tare da iyakar nisan kilomita 100-120 kilomita dubu: daidaita bawul. Tabbas, koda raka'a masu tsada masu tsada tare da nauyin aiki sama da lita 2 ana yinsu ba tare da masu ɗauke da wutar lantarki ba.

A saboda wannan dalili, ya zama dole a ɗaga matakan camshaft lokaci -lokaci kuma maye gurbin madaidaitan madaidaitan. Wannan ya shafi ba kawai ga motocin kasafin kuɗi kamar Lada da Dacia ba, har ma da Nissan X-Trail tare da injin QR25DE mai ƙarfi. A masana'anta, saitin yana da sauƙi, amma hanya ce mai wahala da ƙima idan cibiyar sabis ke yi.

Matsalar a wasu lokuta ma tana shafar injinan da ke da sarka, waɗanda ake tsammanin an tsara su don tsawon rayuwa kafin manyan gyare-gyare. Misali mai kyau shine injin mai mai lita 1,6 a cikin iyalan Hyundai da Kia.

3 Shaye tsarin

Tsarin tsarin shaye shaye shima misali ne mai kyau na adana kayan. Ana yinta sau da yawa a cikin doguwar tube, wacce ba ta rabuwa wanda ya ƙunshi dukkan abubuwa: daga abubuwa da yawa da mai saurin canzawa zuwa babban abin ruɓa.

Wannan ya shafi samfuran samfuran kamar Dacia Dokker. A dabi'ance, irin wannan maganin yana da matukar wahala yayin da ya zama dole a gyara daya daga cikin abubuwanda aka hada din, misali, don maye gurbin almara, wanda galibi yake kasawa.

Don aiwatar da aikin gyara, da farko dole ne a yanke bututun. Sabon allon sai a sanyashi akan tsohon tsarin. Wani zaɓi shine canza duk kayan kamar yadda aka siyar. Amma yana da rahusa ga masana'anta.

4 watsawa ta atomatik

Rayuwar sabis na kowane irin watsa shirye-shirye ta atomatik ya dogara da ƙimar zafin aikinsu. Koyaya, masana'antun galibi suna tsabtace tsarin sanyayawar watsa - don adana kuɗi, ba shakka.

Ana yin wannan ba kawai akan motocin birni na kasafin kuɗi ba, har ma a wasu lokuta akan manyan tsallake -tsallake, waɗanda galibi ke fuskantar matsanancin damuwa a kan motar. Farkon ƙarni na Mitsubishi Outlander XL, Citroen C-Crosser da Peugeot 4007 kyawawan misalai ne.

An gina su a kan dandamali ɗaya. Tun daga 2010, masana'antun sun daina ƙara masu sanyaya ruwa a cikin motar Jatco JF011, wanda ke haifar da faɗuwar ƙarar abokin ciniki. Har ila yau, VG's 7-speed DSG yana da matsaloli tare da bushewar kama, kuma musamman wanda Ford Powershift yayi amfani da shi.

5 Chassis

Wasu masana'antun basa rarraba sandar tuki kuma ana siyar dasu kawai a cikin saiti tare da mahaɗai biyu. Maimakon maye gurbin abu mara kyau kawai, mai motar dole ne ya sayi sabon kayan aiki, wanda zai iya kai wa $ 1000.

Mafi muni, wannan shawarar yawanci ana amfani da ita ne ga motocin kasafin kuɗi, waɗanda ba zato ba tsammani ana tilasta masu su yin gyare-gyare a farashi mai tsada fiye da ƙima iri ɗaya don samfuran da ke da rabe-raben hawa, kamar Volkswagen Touareg.

6 Hub bearings

Ara, ana amfani da bizarin cibiya, wanda kawai za'a iya maye gurbinsa da cibiya ko ma tare tare da cibiya da diski.

Waɗannan hanyoyin ana samun su ba kawai a cikin Lada Niva ba, har ma a cikin ƙirar motoci ƙirar zamani, kamar su Citroen C4 na yanzu. Plusarin shine cewa ya fi sauƙi a sauya duka "kumburin". Abunda ya rage shine yafi shi tsada.

7 Hasken wuta

Tsarin lantarki a cikin motoci na zamani suna da matukar rikitarwa ta yadda masana'antar na da damar da ba za ta iya fita da ita ba da kuma tara kuɗi.

Kyakkyawan misali shine kwararan fitila a cikin fitilun fitila, wanda a cikin samfura da yawa ana kunna su ta hanyar canzawa ba tare da relay ba - kodayake ikon duka ya wuce 100 watts. Wannan lamari ne, alal misali, tare da motocin da aka gina akan dandalin Renault-Nissan B0 (ƙarni na farko Captur, Nissan Kicks, Dacia Sandero, Logan da Duster I). Tare da su, sauyin hasken fitila galibi yana ƙonewa bayan dubban kilomita da yawa.

8 Haske fitila

Irin wannan tsarin ya shafi fitilolin mota. Ko da akwai ƙaramin fashewa akan gilashin, dole ne ku maye gurbin duk abubuwan gani -gani, kuma ba abin da ya karye ba. A baya, samfura da yawa, kamar Volvo 850, sun ba da izinin maye gurbin gilashi a farashi mai rahusa.

9 Wutar Lantarki

Sabon bugawa shine amfani da ledodi a maimakon fitila. Kuma wannan ya shafi ba kawai ga fitilu masu gudana na rana ba, har ma da fitilun wuta, wani lokacin ma har hasken baya. Suna haske sosai kuma suna adana kuzari, amma idan diode ɗaya ta gaza, dole ne a maye gurbin wutar fitilar gaba ɗaya. Kuma farashinsa ya ninka yadda ya saba.

10 Chassis

Kusan dukkan motocin zamani suna amfani da tsari mai tallafi da kai, wanda ya kunshi sashin waldi guda, wanda manyan sassan jiki (kofofi, kaho da wutsiya, idan ya kasance hatchback ko motar amalanke) a haɗe da ƙusoshi.

Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin damina akwai sandar kariya, wacce take ɓarna akan tasiri kuma yana ɗaukar kuzari. A kan yawancin samfuran, an toshe shi zuwa ga membobin gefe. Koyaya, a cikin wasu, kamar Logan na farko da Nissan Almera, an sakashi kai tsaye zuwa shagon. Ya fi arha da sauƙi ga masana'anta. Amma gwada maye gurbin shi bayan bugawar wuta.