Ta yaya game da ingantacciyar tsaftace ruwan teku? Ruwa da yawa akan farashi mai rahusa

Samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha mai tsafta bukatuwa ce da rashin gamsuwa da rashin biyan bukata a sassa da dama na duniya. Tsabtace ruwan teku zai zama babban taimako a yankuna da yawa na duniya, idan, ba shakka, ana samun hanyoyin da suke da inganci kuma cikin tattalin arziki mai ma'ana.

Sabuwar bege don haɓakar farashi mai inganci hanyoyin samun ruwa mai dadi ta hanyar cire gishirin teku ya bayyana a bara lokacin da masu bincike suka ba da rahoton sakamakon binciken ta amfani da nau'in kayan aiki skeleton organometallic (MOF) don tace ruwan teku. Sabuwar hanyar, wacce wata tawaga a Jami'ar Monash ta Australia ta kirkira, tana bukatar karancin kuzari fiye da sauran hanyoyin, in ji masu binciken.

MOF organometallic kwarangwal su ne kayan porous sosai tare da babban yanki. Manyan wuraren aikin da aka yi birgima a cikin ƙananan ƙira suna da kyau don tacewa, watau. Ɗaukar ɓarna da ɓarna a cikin ruwa (1). Ana kiran sabon nau'in MOF PSP-MIL-53 ana amfani da shi don tarko gishiri da gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwan teku. An sanya shi cikin ruwa, yana zaɓin yana riƙe ions da ƙazanta a saman sa. A cikin mintuna 30, MOF ya sami damar rage jimillar narkar da daskararru (TDS) na ruwa daga 2,233 ppm (ppm) zuwa ƙasa da 500 ppm. Wannan a fili yana ƙasa da madaidaicin ppm 600 da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar don tsaftataccen ruwan sha.

1. Kallon aikin wani membrane na organometallic a lokacin desalination na ruwan teku.

Yin amfani da wannan fasaha, masu binciken sun sami damar samar da ruwa mai tsabta har zuwa lita 139,5 a kowace kilogiram na kayan MOF a kowace rana. Da zarar cibiyar sadarwar MOF ta "cika" tare da barbashi, ana iya tsaftace shi da sauri da sauƙi don sake amfani da shi. Don yin wannan, an sanya shi a cikin hasken rana, wanda ya saki gishiri da aka kama a cikin minti hudu kawai.

“Tsarin cire ruwa mai zafi na thermal yana da ƙarfin kuzari, yayin da sauran fasahohin kamar su baya osmosis (2), suna da kurakurai da yawa, gami da yawan amfani da makamashi da sinadarai don tsabtace membrane da dechlorination, "in ji Huanting Wang, shugaban ƙungiyar bincike a Monash. “Hasken rana shine tushen makamashi mafi yawa da sabuntawa a duniya. Sabon tsarin kawar da salin-aiki na tushen adsorbent da kuma amfani da hasken rana don sabuntawa suna ba da mafita mai ceton makamashi da kuma kawar da muhalli."

2. Tsarin tsaftace ruwan teku na Osmosis a Saudi Arabia.

Daga graphene zuwa sunadarai masu kaifin baki

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sababbin ra'ayoyi da yawa sun fito don desalination na ruwa mai amfani da makamashi. "Young Technician" yana sa ido sosai kan ci gaban waɗannan fasahohin.

Mun rubuta, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, game da ra'ayin Amirkawa a Jami'ar Austin da Jamusawa a Jami'ar Marburg, wanda. don amfani da ƙaramin guntu daga wani abu ta hanyar da wutar lantarki na rashin ƙarfin lantarki (0,3 volts) ke gudana. A cikin ruwan gishiri da ke gudana a cikin tashar na'urar, ions na chlorine an rabu da su kuma an kafa su filin lantarkikamar yadda a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Tasirin shine gishiri yana gudana a daya hanya kuma ruwa mai dadi a cikin ɗayan. Warewa yana faruwa ruwan dadi.

Masana kimiyar Burtaniya daga Jami'ar Manchester, karkashin jagorancin Rahul Nairi, sun kirkiro wani tukwane mai graphene a cikin 2017 don cire gishiri daga ruwan teku yadda ya kamata.

A cikin wani binciken da aka buga a mujallar Nature Nanotechnology, masana kimiyya sun yi iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar membranes na zubar da ruwa. graphene oxide, maimakon graphene mai wuyar samu da tsada. Graphene mai Layer Layer yana buƙatar a haƙa shi cikin ƙananan ramuka don ya zama mai lalacewa. Idan girman ramin ya fi girma fiye da 1 nm, gishiri zai ratsa cikin ramin da yardar kaina, don haka ramukan da za a haƙa dole ne su zama ƙananan. A lokaci guda kuma, bincike ya nuna cewa graphene oxide membranes yana ƙara kauri da porosity lokacin nutsewa cikin ruwa. Kungiyar likitoci. Nairi ya nuna cewa rufe membrane da graphene oxide tare da ƙarin Layer na resin epoxy yana ƙara tasirin shingen. Kwayoyin ruwa na iya wucewa ta cikin membrane, amma sodium chloride ba zai iya ba.

Wasu gungun masu bincike a kasar Saudiyya sun kirkiro wata na'ura da suka yi imanin cewa za ta sauya tashar wutar lantarki daga "mai amfani da" ruwa zuwa "mai samar da ruwa mai dadi". Masana kimiyya sun buga wata takarda da ke kwatanta hakan a cikin Nature a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. sabuwar fasahar hasken ranawanda zai iya desalinate ruwa da kuma samar a lokaci guda wutar lantarki.

A cikin samfurin da aka gina, masana kimiyya sun sanya mai yin ruwa a baya. batirin hasken rana. A cikin hasken rana, tantanin halitta yana samar da wutar lantarki kuma yana fitar da zafi. Maimakon rasa wannan zafi zuwa sararin samaniya, na'urar tana jagorantar wannan makamashi zuwa wata shuka da ke amfani da zafi a matsayin tushen makamashi don aikin daskarewa.

Masu binciken sun gabatar da ruwan gishiri da ruwa mai dauke da dattin karfe irin su gubar da tagulla da magnesium a cikin injin distiller. Na'urar ta mayar da ruwa ya zama tururi, wanda daga nan ya ratsa ta cikin wani roba da ke tace gishiri da tarkace. Sakamakon wannan tsari shine tsaftataccen ruwan sha wanda ya dace da ka'idojin hukumar lafiya ta duniya. Masanan sun ce samfurin, mai fadin kimanin mita daya, zai iya samar da lita 1,7 na ruwa mai tsafta a cikin awa daya. Matsayin da ya dace don irin wannan na'urar shine a cikin bushe ko bushewar yanayi, kusa da tushen ruwa.

Guihua Yu, masanin kimiyyar kayan aiki a Jami'ar Jihar Austin, Texas, da abokan aikinsa sun ba da shawara a cikin 2019 yadda ya kamata tace ruwan teku hydrogels, polymer blendswanda ke haifar da porous, tsarin sha ruwa. Yu da abokan aikinsa sun kirkiro soso na gel daga cikin polymers guda biyu: daya shine polymer mai ɗaure ruwa da ake kira polyvinyl barasa (PVA) ɗayan kuma shine mai ɗaukar haske mai suna polypyrrole (PPy). Sun haɗu da polymer na uku mai suna chitosan, wanda kuma yana da sha'awar ruwa mai ƙarfi. Masana kimiyya sun ruwaito a cikin Ci gaban Kimiyya cewa sun sami nasarar samar da ruwa mai tsafta na lita 3,6 a cikin sa'a guda a kowace murabba'in mita na saman tantanin halitta, wanda shine mafi girma da aka taɓa yin rikodin kuma kusan sau goma sha biyu fiye da wanda ake samarwa a yau a nau'ikan kasuwanci. .

Duk da sha'awar masana kimiyya, ba a ji cewa sababbin hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su ba a cikin inganci da tattalin arziki za su sami ƙarin aikace-aikacen kasuwanci. Har sai hakan ta faru, a kiyaye.