Junkers Ju 88. Gabashin Gabas 1941 part 9
Junkers Ju 88 A-5, 9K+FA tare da Stab KG 51 kafin iri. Alamomin cin nasara a raga suna da ban mamaki.
Da sanyin safiyar ranar 22 ga watan Yunin 1941 aka fara yakin Jamus da Tarayyar Soviet. Don Operation Barbarossa, Jamusawa sun haɗa jiragen sama 2995 a kan iyaka da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda 2255 suka shirya don yaƙi. Kimanin kashi uku na su, jimlar motocin 927 (ciki har da 702 masu aiki), sune Dornier Do 17 Z (133/65) 1, Heinkel He 111 H (280/215) da Junkers Ju 88 A (514/422). ) masu tayar da bama-bamai.
An sanya jirgin Luftwaffe da aka yi niyya don tallafawa Operation Barbarossa zuwa jiragen ruwa guda uku (Luftflotten). A matsayin wani ɓangare na Luftflotte 1, wanda ke aiki a gaban arewa, duk sojojin da suka kai harin sun ƙunshi squadrons 9 (Gruppen) sanye take da jirgin Ju 88: II./KG 1 (29/27), III./KG 1 (30/29), da ./KG 76 (30/22), II./KG 76 (30/25), III./KG 76 (29/22), I./KG 77 (30/23), II. /KG 76 (29/20), III./KG 76 (31/23) da kuma KGr. 806 (30/18) don jimlar motocin 271/211.
Samar da Ju 88 A-5 na III./KG 51 a lokacin wani nau'i.
Luftflotte 2, wanda ke aiki a tsakiyar gaba, ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyi biyu kawai sanye da jirgin sama na Ju 88: jimillar I./KG 3 (41/32) da II./KG 3 (38/32) tare da jirgin Stab KG 3 guda biyu. , sun kasance motoci 81/66. Aiki a kudu, Luftflotte 4 yana da runduna biyar sanye take da Ju 88 A bama-bamai: I./KG 51 (22/22), II./KG 51 (36/29), III./KG 51 (32/28), I./KG 54 (34/31) da II./KG 54 (36/33). Tare da injuna 3 na yau da kullun, jirgin 163/146 ne.
Aikin farko na rukunin masu tayar da bama-bamai na Luftwaffe a yakin da ake yi a Gabas shi ne lalata jiragen makiya da suka mayar da hankali kan filayen jiragen sama na kan iyaka, wanda zai ba su damar tabbatar da sararin sama, kuma a sakamakon haka, su sami damar ba da goyon baya kai tsaye da kuma a kaikaice ga sojojin kasa. Jamusawa ba su fahimci ainihin ƙarfin jirgin saman Soviet ba. Duk da cewa a cikin bazara na 1941 iska attache a Moscow obst. Heinrich Aschenbrenner ya gabatar da wani rahoto mai kunshe da kusan cikakkun bayanai game da ainihin girman rundunar sojin sama, sashin 8000 na rundunar Luftwaffe Janar din ba su amince da wadannan bayanai ba, inda aka yi la’akari da su da wuce gona da iri da kuma ci gaba da kiyasin nasu, wanda ya bayyana cewa makiya sun samu kimanin shekara 9917. jirgin sama. A gaskiya ma, Soviets suna da motocin 17 a cikin Gundumomin Sojoji na Yamma kadai, kuma a cikin duka ba su da jirgin sama sama da 704 XNUMX!
Tun kafin a fara tashin hankali, 6./KG 51 ya fara horar da jirgin da ya dace na Ju 88 don gudanar da ayyukan jiragen sama, kamar yadda Ofw ya tuna. Friedrich Aufdemkamp:
A cibiyar Wiener Neustadt, an fara canza Ju 88 zuwa daidaitattun jirgin sama. Ƙashin rabin ɗakin yana da sulke na ƙarfe, kuma an gina igwa mai tsayi 2 cm a cikin ƙananansa, ɓangaren gaba don sarrafa mai kallo. Bugu da kari, makanikan sun gina kwantena guda biyu masu siffa a cikin mashigin bam, kowanne daga cikinsu yana dauke da bama-bamai 360 SD 2. Bam din SD 2 mai nauyin kilogiram 2, wani silinda ne mai diamita na mm 76. Bayan sake saiti, an buɗe harsashi na waje zuwa rabin-silinda biyu, kuma an ƙara ƙarin fikafikan a kan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Wannan tsarin duka, wanda aka makala jikin bam din akan kibiya mai tsayin mm 120, yayi kama da fuka-fukin malam buɗe ido, wanda a ƙarshensa ya karkata a wani kusurwa zuwa iskar, wanda ya sa igiyar igiyar da ke da alaƙa da fuse tana jujjuya hannun agogo baya a lokacin fashewar. . saukar bom. Bayan juyin juya halin 10, an saki fil ɗin bazara a cikin fis ɗin, wanda ya mamaye bam ɗin gaba ɗaya. Bayan fashewar, an kafa kusan gutsuttsura 2 masu nauyin fiye da gram 250 a cikin shari'ar SD 1, wanda yawanci yakan haifar da raunuka a cikin mita 10 daga wurin fashewar, da masu haske - har zuwa mita 100.
Saboda ƙirar bindiga, sulke, da tarkacen bama-bamai, ju 88's nauyi mai nauyi ya ƙaru sosai. Bugu da kari, motar ta dan yi nauyi a kan hanci. Masanan sun kuma ba mu shawarwari kan yadda za a yi amfani da bama-baman SD-2 wajen kai hare-hare ta sama. Ya kamata a jefa bama-baman a tsayin mita 40 a sama da kasa. Yawancin su sannan sun fashe a tsayin kusan 20 m, sauran kuma akan tasiri tare da ƙasa. Manufarsu ita ce su zama filayen jiragen sama da ƙungiyoyin sojoji. Ya bayyana a fili cewa a yanzu muna cikin "Himmelfahrtskommando" (rashin hasara). Lallai, yayin hare-haren ta sama daga tsayin mita 40, an yi mana wani katafaren kariyar kasa, wanda ya kunshi kananan bindigogin kakkabo jiragen sama da kananan makamai masu linzami. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da yiwuwar harin mayakan. Mun fara motsa jiki mai karfi wajen gudanar da irin wadannan hare-haren tururi da wutar lantarki. Dole matukan jirgin su yi taka tsantsan don tabbatar da cewa lokacin da tururi ko babban kwamanda suka jefa bama-bamai, ya kamata su kasance akalla tsayi daya ko sama da shugaban domin kada su fada cikin yankin da ake aiwatar da bama-bamai.
