Fitattun alkaluma a tarihin mota

Lokacin da kuka ga Lamborghini mai sanyi yana birgima a kan titi (bayan an gyara maƙarƙashiyar ku), kuna iya tunanin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun waɗanda suka sanya aikinsu don ƙirƙirar wannan abin al'ajabi na injiniya. Amma ƙoƙarin ɗan adam a bayan Lamborghini, kuma a bayan kusan kowace mota, yana wuce gona da iri fiye da yadda kuke tsammani.

Manyan mutane da yawa sun sadaukar da rayuwarsu don yin alama a cikin masana'antar kera motoci a matsayin injiniyoyi, masu ƙirƙira, da masu saka hannun jari, wasu ma sun yi kasadar komai don kasuwanci. A yau za mu duba rayuwa da nasarorin da aka samu na tatsuniyoyi 40 na kera motoci, masu rai da matattu, waɗanda suka yi tasiri a masana’antar kera kuma suka tsara ta a yau.

Nikolaus Otto

Injiniyan Jamus Nikolaus August Otto an yaba shi da ƙirƙira injin konewa na farko na cikin gida a cikin 1876, wanda ke gudana akan iskar gas maimakon tururi kuma aka gina shi cikin babur.

Wanda aka sani da "Injin cycle Otto", ya yi amfani da bugun jini ko zagayawa don kowace wuta. Injin konewa na cikin gida Otto ya sanya motoci masu amfani da mai a matsayin hujja na gaske, wanda ya haifar da zamanin motoci tare da canza yanayin tarihi na ƙarni masu zuwa.

Gottlieb Daimler ne adam wata

Gottlieb Daimler ya inganta aikin injin bugun bugun jini na Nikolaus Otto tare da taimakon abokinsa Wilhelm Maybach don kera wanda ya fara aikin injin man fetur na zamani kuma yayi amfani da shi cikin nasara wajen kera mota mai kafa hudu ta farko a duniya.

V-twin, 2-cylinder, 4-stroke engine wanda Daimler da Maybach suka kirkira har yanzu yana zama tushen tushen injunan motoci na yau. A cikin 1890, Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (Daimler Motors Corporation) wasu injiniyoyin Jamus guda biyu ne suka kafa don kera injunan kasuwanci da kuma motoci daga baya.

Carl Benz

Injiniyan kera motoci na Jamus Karl Friedrich Benz, wanda aka fi sani da "mahaifin masana'antar kera motoci" da kuma "mahaifin motoci", ya shahara wajen kera mota ta farko a duniya.

Motar mai kafa uku ta Benz da injin mai mai bugu hudu kuma ana ba da ita a matsayin mota ta farko da aka kera da yawa bayan ya sami takardar shedar mallaka a cikin '4. Kamfanin kera motoci mafi girma a duniya a lokacin, Benz Automobile, ya hade. tare da Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft don samar da abin da aka sani a yau da Ƙungiyar Mercedes-Benz.

Charles Edgar da James Frank Duria

Ko da yake John Lambert ana yaba shi da ƙirƙirar motar farko mai amfani da iskar gas a Amurka, ƴan'uwan Duria sune farkon masu kera motocin kasuwanci na Amurka. Sun kafa Kamfanin Wagon Mota na Duryea bayan sun yi nasarar gwada hanyar mota mai ƙarfi guda huɗu a Springfield, Massachusetts a 1893.

Bukatar motocin Duryea ya karu sosai bayan daya daga cikin motocinsu, wanda James Frank Duryea ya jagoranta, ya lashe tseren mota na farko na Amurka a Chicago a 1895. Durya mota.

Ana daukar Henry Ford a matsayin mutum mafi tasiri a tarihin masana'antar kera motoci. Ci gaba da karantawa don gano dalilin.

Wilhelm Maybach ne adam wata

Aboki na kud da kud kuma mai haɗin gwiwa na Daimler, injiniyan Jamus Wilhelm Maybach yana bayan ƙirƙira da yawa na farkon lokacin kera motoci, gami da feshi carburetors, cikakken injin jaket na ruwa, tsarin sanyaya radiator, kuma, musamman, injin mota mai silinda huɗu na farko da aka daidaita. daga injin Otto. zane.

Maybach ita ce ta fara sanya injin a gaban direba da kuma karkashin kaho, inda ta ci gaba da kasancewa tun daga lokacin. A ƙarshen 35, an san shi ya kera mota mai ƙarfi 1902 hp don majagaba Emil Jellinek, wanda, bisa ga roƙon Jellinek, an sa masa sunan 'yarsa: Mercedes. Daga baya ya kafa kamfaninsa na kera motoci don kera manyan motocin alfarma da duniya ta fi sani da Maybach.

Rudolph Diesel

Injiniya Rudolf Diesel dan kasar Jamus ne ya kirkiri injin konewa na cikin gida, wanda ya fi karfin injin tururi da iskar gas na lokacin saboda yawan matsewar iskar, wanda hakan ya sa iskar ke kara fadada sosai a lokacin konewar.

An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1898, kuma baya buƙatar tushen wuta, yana ba shi damar yin aiki akan mai iri-iri, gami da biofuels. Yayin da ake haɓaka samfurin, fashewar kwatsam a cikin injin mai tsayi ƙafa 10 ya kusan kashe Diesel kuma ya lalata idanunsa har abada. Yayin da injin diesel an yi niyya don taimakawa ƙananan ƴan kasuwa rage farashin aiki, ya haifar da juyin juya hali a masana'antar kera motoci.

Ransome E. Tsofaffi

Ransom Eli Olds sananne ne don ƙaddamar da ayyuka da yawa waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a cikin masana'antar kera motoci a yau. Shi ne ya fara samar da tsarin samar da kayayyaki, wanda ya fara kera motoci a kan layin hada-hadar jama’a, sannan ya fara tallata da sayar da motocinsa.

Olds ya kafa kamfanin kera motoci a 1897 kuma ya kera motarsa ​​ta farko, Oldsmobile Curved Dash, a 1901. A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, ya zama mai kera motoci mafi girma a Amurka!

Henry Ford

Henry Ford, wanda za a iya cewa shi ne mutumin da ya fi kowa tasiri a tarihin motoci, ya sanya motoci masu isa ga talakawa. Ford Model T ya kawo sauyi ga masana'antar kera motoci lokacin da aka sake shi a cikin 1908, shekaru biyar bayan kafa Kamfanin Motoci na Ford. Wani sabon zamani ya fara lokacin da motoci ba kayan alatu ba ne.

Mutane da yawa sun yi tunanin layin taro na Ford tare da bel na jigilar kaya, hade da $ 5 ranar aiki (sau biyu matsakaicin albashin yau da kullun a lokacin) da rage yawan lokutan aiki, ya lalata kamfanin, amma a maimakon haka ya haɓaka inganci kuma ya rage farashin samarwa. Don haka farashin Model T ya ragu daga $825 zuwa $260 a 1925. A shekara ta 1927, Ford ya sayar da motocin Model T miliyan 15.

Na gaba: Wannan mashahurin majagaba na kera motoci yana fuskantar sauƙin cin nasarar Henry Ford…

William Durant

An yi la'akari da mafi kyawun dillali da ya taɓa rayuwa, William C. Durand yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan majagaba na masana'antar kera motoci. Shi ko dai ya kafa ko kuma ya taka rawa wajen samar da ’yan kato da gora, da suka hada da Buick, Chevrolet, Frigidaire, Pontiac, Cadillac, da kuma musamman kamfanin General Motors Corporation (wanda ya samo asali daga kamfaninsa na kera motoci a shekarar 1908).

An san Duran ya ƙirƙiri tsarin haɗin kai tsaye wanda kamfanin ya mallaki tambura da dama masu zaman kansu tare da layukan mota daban-daban a ƙarƙashin kamfani guda ɗaya. A zamaninsa, an san shi da "Mutumin" kuma JP Morgan ya kira shi "mai hangen nesa mara tsayayye".

Charles Nash

An haife shi cikin matsananciyar talauci, Charles Williams Nash ya yi aiki kaɗan kafin William Durant ya ɗauke shi aiki a 1 a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya akan $1890 kowace rana a masana'antar jigilar kaya. Yin aiki a hanyarsa, Nash ya zama Shugaba. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa Buick da General Motors su dawo kan kafafunsu, musamman a lokacin da yake shugabantar GM bayan an kori Durant.

Lokacin da Durant ya sake samun iko da GM a cikin 1916, Nash ya yi murabus kan wasu gardama, ya ki amincewa da tayin Durant na albashin shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 1. Sannan ya kafa kamfanin Nash Motors wanda ya yi nasara sosai, wanda ya kera motoci masu araha don “bangarori na musamman na kasuwa da ’yan kato da gora suka bari ba tare da kula da su ba”, wanda a karshe ya share fage ga Kamfanin Motocin Amurka.

Henry Leland

Wanda aka sani da "Babban Tsohon Mutum na Detroit," Henry Martin Leland ya fi saninsa don kafa manyan kayayyaki na alatu guda biyu waɗanda har yanzu suna wanzu a yau: Cadillac da Lincoln. Leland ya kawo ingantacciyar injiniya ga masana'antar kera motoci kuma ya ƙirƙira ƙa'idodin masana'anta na zamani, musamman amfani da sassa masu musanyawa.

Leland ya sayar da Cadillac zuwa GM a shekara ta 1909 amma ya kasance yana hade da shi har zuwa 1917, lokacin da gwamnatin Amurka ta nemi Cadillac ta samar da injunan jiragen sama na Liberty don yakin duniya na 10, buƙatar da GM ta sa'an nan kuma mafi girma pacifist Will Durant ya ƙi. Leland ta kafa Lincoln tare da kwangilar yakin yaƙi na dala miliyan 12 don samar da injunan jirage na Liberty VXNUMX, wanda ya ba da kwarin gwiwa ga motocin Lincoln na farko bayan ƙarshen yaƙin.

Charles Rolls

Charles Stewart Rolls majagaba ne na kera motoci da jiragen sama na Biritaniya, wanda ya shahara wajen kafa kamfanin Rolls-Royce tare da injiniyan kera motoci Henry Royce. Ya fito daga dangin ƙwararru, Rolls direban tsere ne mara tsoro kuma ƙwararren ɗan kasuwa ne wanda ya san ikon hulɗar jama'a.

An san Rolls ya sadu da Royce a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1904 a Otal ɗin Midland a Manchester don fara haɗin gwiwa wanda zai haɓaka zuwa mafi kyawun lambar mota har yau. Duk da cewa Rolls ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama yana da shekaru 32, gudummawar da ya bayar ga masana'antar kera motoci ta yi yawa da ba za a yi watsi da ita ba.

Na gaba: Za ku iya tunanin albashin Walter Chrysler a 1920? Ba za ku ma kusanci ba!

Henry Royce

Lokacin da Charles Stuart Rolls ya dawo daga taron tarihi na 1904 a Otal din Midland a Manchester tare da Henry Royce, ya gaya wa abokin kasuwancinsa Claude Johnson cewa ya sami babban injiniyan injiniya a duniya.

Baya ga kasancewarsa ƙwararren ƙwararren mota, Royce ɗan aiki ne kuma mai kamala wanda ba zai taɓa sasantawa ba. A zahiri, sha'awar Royce don kamala ce ta zama alamar kowace mota da a yau ke ɗauke da alamar Rolls-Royce tare da haɗin Rs guda biyu.

Walter Chrysler ne adam wata

An haife shi a cikin dangin injiniyan locomotive, Walter Percy Chrysler ya fara aikinsa a masana'antar layin dogo kuma ya zama ƙwararren makaniki. Ya shiga cikin masana'antar kera motoci a cikin 1911 lokacin da shugaban GM Charles Nash ya ba shi matsayin jagoranci a Buick, inda ya rage farashin samarwa da kyau kuma ya kai matsayin shugaban kasa.

Daga baya Chrysler ya yi aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni biyu kuma an san shi yana buƙata da karɓar albashi mai ban mamaki da ba a taɓa jin ba na dala miliyan 1 a shekara yayin aiki da Willys-Overland Motors. Ya sami sha'awar sarrafawa a Kamfanin Motar Maxwell a cikin 1924 kuma ya sake tsara ta a matsayin Kamfanin Chrysler a 1925 don kera keɓaɓɓun motoci na musamman, wanda ya ba ta hanya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin "Big Three" na Detroit.

KU Bentley

An gane Walter Owen Bentley a matsayin ƙwararren ƙwararren injiniya lokacin saurayi. Pistons ɗinsa na aluminum, wanda aka haɗa da jirgin saman yaƙin Burtaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na ɗaya, suna da mahimmanci har ya sami MBE kuma an ba shi fam 8,000 (€ 8,900) daga Hukumar Kyautar Inventors.

A cikin 1919, Bentley ya yi amfani da kuɗin kyauta don kafa kamfanin mota mai suna iri ɗaya tare da manufar "Yin mota mai kyau, mota mai sauri, mafi kyau a cikin aji." Bentleys sun kasance kuma har yanzu suna!

Louis Chevrolet

Direban tseren Swiss Louis Chevrolet ya shahara wajen kafa Kamfanin Motar Mota na Chevrolet tare da korarriyar wanda ya kafa Janar Motors William Durant. An zaɓi gyare-gyaren giciye na Swiss a matsayin tambarin kamfanin don girmama ƙasar Chevrolet.

Chevrolet ya bar kamfanin a cikin 1915 saboda wasu bambance-bambancen ƙira da Durant, kuma kamfanin ya haɗu da General Motors shekaru biyu bayan haka. A shekara mai zuwa, Chevrolet ya kafa Kamfanin Frontenac Motor Corporation, wanda ya sami karbuwa a cikin shekarun baya don motocin tseren tseren na Fronty-Ford.

Ci gaba da karantawa don koyo game da almara mai ƙirƙira mota.

Charles Kettering

Wani ƙwararren mai ƙirƙira yana riƙe da haƙƙin mallaka 186 ga sunansa, Charles Franklin Kettering shine shugaban bincike a General Motors daga 1920 zuwa 1947. A lokacin da yake a GM, ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga duk fannonin inganta motoci, musamman waɗanda ke amfana da abokan ciniki kai tsaye.

Kettering ya ƙirƙiro mai hana bugewa, isar da saƙo mai saurin canzawa, fentin mota mai saurin bushewa, musamman ma na'urar kunna wutar lantarki ta maɓalli ta atomatik wanda ya ƙare aikin kunna wuta da hannu kuma ya sanya motoci mafi aminci da sauƙin aiki.

Ferdinand Porsche

Wanda ya kafa Porsche AG Ferdinand Porsche ya shahara wajen kera motoci masu kayatarwa da dama, wadanda suka hada da Mercedes-Benz SSK da kuma fitaccen Volkswagen Beetle, bayan da Hitler ya ba shi kwangilar kera motar mutane (ko Volkswagen) a 1934.

Baya ga kafa daya daga cikin mashahuran kamfanonin mota a duniya, Porsche kuma ana ba da lamuni ne wajen kera mota mai hade da man fetur ta farko a duniya, wato Lohner-Porsche, gauraye matasan, a farkon karni na 20.

Kiitiro Toyoda

Kiichiro Toyoda ɗan Sakichi Toyoda ne, wanda a ƙarshen shekarun 1920 ya fara kasuwanci mai fa'ida ta atomatik a Japan. Mai sha'awar motoci, Kiichiro ya shawo kan danginsa don yin canji mai haɗari a cikin kera motoci, yin shawarar da za ta canza duniyar motoci har abada!

An yi su gaba ɗaya daga karce a Japan, motocin Toyoda sun fi araha, masu dacewa da dogaro fiye da na ƙasashen waje, kuma kamfanin yana riƙe da wannan suna har yau. Ya zuwa yanzu dai, Toyota, babbar kamfanin kera motoci a duniya, ya sayar da motoci sama da miliyan 230, wanda miliyan 44 daga cikinsu na Corolla ne kadai, tun kafuwarta a shekarar 1937.

Soitiro Honda

An haife shi a cikin dangin makanikin kekuna, Soichiro Honda na farko, wani taron bitar zoben piston, ya lalace ta hanyar tashin bam na lokacin yaƙi da girgizar ƙasa. A cikin 1946, ya fito da kyakkyawan ra'ayi na sarrafa kekuna daga injin janareta da suka rage daga yakin duniya na biyu. Shirin ya yi matukar tada hankali wanda da kyar ya iya ci gaba da biyan bukata.

A shekara ta 1948, Honda ya hada gwiwa da Takeo Fujisawa don kafa Kamfanin Motoci na Honda, inda ya rike bangaren aikin injiniya, yayin da Fujisawa ya rike kudi, babura, da kuma motoci a 1963.

Idan kai mai sha'awar yin caji ne, yakamata ka gode wa wannan mashahurin mai ƙirƙira mota!

Alfred Buchi

Kamar yadda yawancin masu ababen hawa suka sani, injiniyan kera motoci na Switzerland Alfred Büchi an lasafta shi da ƙirƙirar turbo a 1905. Büchi ya yi amfani da dabarar dabara don tunkuɗa iskar da ke shiga injin ta amfani da makamashin “sharar gida” na iskar gas mai ɗaukar nauyi. daga tsarin konewa.

Tabbacinsa na “na’urar konewa ta cikin gida da ta ƙunshi kwampreso (kwampressor na turbine), injin mai jujjuyawa da injin turbine a cikin jerin” kusan iri ɗaya ne da yake a yau, fiye da ƙarni guda bayan haka!

Alfred Sloan

An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin Shugaba mafi tasiri a tarihin General Motors, Alfred Pritchard Sloan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban GM daga 1920s zuwa 1950s, na farko a wurare daban-daban na gudanarwa sannan kuma a matsayin shugaban kamfanin. Karkashin jagorancin Sloan, GM ya zama ba wai kawai kamfanin kera motoci mafi girma a duniya ba, har ma da babbar masana'antar masana'antu a duniya.

Sloan ya ƙare gasa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin GM daban-daban tare da tsarin farashi mai dabara wanda ya sanya alamun Cadillac, Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, da Chevrolet daga mafi tsada zuwa mafi ƙarancin tsada, yana barin masu siye daban-daban ikon siye da abubuwan zaɓi su ci gaba da siyan motocin GM. Ya kuma gabatar da sabbin abubuwa da yawa ga masana'antar kera motoci, musamman sauye-sauyen salon mota na shekara da tsarin lamunin mota da muka sani kuma muke amfani da su a yau!

Enzo Ferrari

Enzo Ferrari ya fara aikinsa a matsayin direban tsere a 1919 kafin ya yi aiki da Alfa Romeo a mukamai da yawa. A ƙarshe ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar tseren Alfa, inda ya kafa ƙungiyar tseren tseren Scuderia Ferrari, tare da dokin motsa jiki a matsayin alamarsa.

Alfa Romeo ne ya rufe Scuderia Ferrari amma daga baya Enzo ya farfado ya zama mafi tsufa kuma mafi nasara a cikin 1939 Formula One tawagar zuwa yau. Enzo ya bar Alfa Romeo a cikin 1946 don nemo kamfanin da ya gabace ta Ferrari don kawai dalilin ba da gudummawar ƙungiyar tseren Scuderia. Ta hanyar 12, ya yi farkon motocinsa na mafarki tare da injin VXNUMX, kuma sauran, kamar yadda muka sani, tarihi ne!

Henry Ford II

Henry Ford II, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Hank Deuce ko HF2, an tuna da shi daga sojojin ruwa na Amurka a ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu don jagorantar Ford bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, Edsel Ford, babban ɗan Henry Ford. Sanin rashin saninsa, da dabara ya ɗauki wasu ƙwararrun masana'antar kera motoci na lokacin, ciki har da Ernest Breech na General Motors.

HF2 ta ɗauki jama'a na Ford a cikin 1956, ya jagoranci haɓaka wasu manyan motocinsa, kuma ya mai da kasuwancin dangi mara lafiya ya zama babbar motar mota ta duniya. Kasuwancin Ford ya tashi daga dala miliyan 894.5 a 1945 zuwa dala biliyan 43.5 a 1979 a lokacin aikinsa. Ya kuma yi kokarin siyan Ferrari a cikin wani gagarumin yunkuri wanda ya kai ga shaharar gasar Ford da Ferrari a Le Mans.

Lamborghini ya fara aiki ne a matsayin kamfanin tarakta. Ci gaba da karatu don sanin dalilin da ya sa ya fara kera motoci.

Carroll Shelby

Mutum daya tilo da ya lashe sa'o'i 24 na Le Mans a matsayin direba (Aston Martin, 1959), masana'anta (Cobra Daytona Coupe, 1964) da manajan kungiyar (Ford GT, 1966 da 1967), Carroll Shelby na daya daga cikinsu. daga cikin mutane mafi ƙarfi a cikin masana'antar kera motoci.

An fi saninsa da haɓaka AC Cobra da gyara Ford Mustang a ƙarshen 1960s. Duk motar da wannan mutumin ya yi, ya kera, ko ma ya taɓa ta, ta zama abin tattarawa na miliyoyin. A cikin 1966, Shelby ya taimaka wa Ford ga nasara mai ban mamaki a kan Ferrari a Le Mans lokacin da GT40 MK IIs guda uku suka ketare layin ƙarshe tare a cikin wani lokaci mai tarihi na gaske!

Ferruccio Lamborghini

An haife shi ga mai noman itacen inabi na Italiya, ƙwarewar injin Ferruccio Lamborghini ya fara kasuwancin tarakta mai fa'ida a cikin 1948 da masana'antar mai a cikin 1959. Bayan shekaru hudu, ya kafa Automobili Lamborghini.

Labarin ya nuna cewa Lamborghini ya yanke shawarar shiga kasuwancin mota ne bayan ya kai kara ga wanda ya kafa Enzo Ferrari game da Ferrari dinsa, wanda a kai a kai yana kona makaminsa. Enzo ya gaya wa Lamborghini cewa baya buƙatar shawarar "makanikancin tarakta" kuma saura tarihi ne!

zuw yung

An haife shi a cikin dangin wani manomin Koriya cikin matsanancin talauci, Chung Ju Jung ya zama mutum mafi arziki a Koriya ta Kudu. Bayan ya gaza a abubuwa da yawa, Chang ya fara sana'ar gyaran mota a farkon shekarun 1940 ta hanyar karbar rancen 3,000 da aka samu daga abokinsa. A ƙarshe wannan kasuwancin ya bunƙasa, amma gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Japan ta rufe ta.

Bayan 'yantar da Koriya ta Kudu, Chang ya sake yin yunƙurin kasuwanci kuma ya kafa Hyundai a matsayin kamfanin gine-gine. Ta tsira daga bunƙasar tattalin arziƙin Koriya ta Kudu, ba da daɗewa ba ta zama ƙungiyar da ke samar da komai daga allura zuwa jiragen ruwa. Hyundai ya kara kera motoci a cikin fayil ɗin sa a cikin 1967 kuma a yau shine na uku mafi girma na kera motoci a duniya.

John DeLorean

Injiniyan kera motoci na Amurka John DeLorean ya kasance mai tasiri sosai a masana'antar kera motoci shekaru da yawa. An yaba masa sosai don aikinsa a General Motors, ya kasance ƙaramin shugaban ƙungiyar GM kafin ya tafi ya sami Kamfanin Motar DeLorean.

An san DeLorean don haɓaka manyan motoci masu kyan gani da suka haɗa da Pontiac GTO, Pontiac Firebird, Pontiac Grand Prix, da Chevrolet Cosworth Vega. Koyaya, sanannen motarsa ​​ita ce motar wasanni ta DMC DeLorean da ta mutu a cikin 1985 blockbuster Back to Future.

Wannan sanannen Shugaban Kamfanin kera motoci ya “kori manaja guda a rana” don yin abubuwa!

Sergio Marionne

Sergio Marchionne ya jagoranci Fiat ta canji mai ban mamaki da sauri, ya ja Chrysler zuwa gaɓar rugujewa kuma ya tsara haɗin gwiwar kamfanonin biyu zuwa ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu kera motoci mafi girma a duniya.

Lokacin da aka zaɓi Marchionne Shugaba na Fiat a 2004, kamfanin ya kasance cikin tashin hankali sosai. An dauke shi a matsayin "daya daga cikin jagororin kasuwanci masu ban tsoro" a cikin tarihin kwanan nan, baƙar fata, m amma babban nasarar tsarin gudanarwa ya ba shi damar "kori manajan guda ɗaya a rana" yayin da yake Fiat. Wani shugaba mai fafutuka wanda bai yi jinkirin sukar kayayyakin sa ba, Marchionne ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun shugabannin masana'antar kera motoci har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 2018.

Alan Mulli

Tsohon shugaban Kamfanin Motocin Ford kuma Shugaba Alan Mully ya canza Ford daga mai kera mota mai asarar kuɗi wanda ya yi gwagwarmaya a ƙarshen 2000 zuwa ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu kera motoci na duniya tare da ɗimbin wurare masu riba a jere.

Wani tsohon babban jami'in gudanarwa a Boeing, Mully an yaba shi don shirinsa na "Ford Daya", wanda Ford ya samar da samfuran da za a iya siyar da su a duk duniya tare da wasu gyare-gyare. Dabarar ta tabbatar da nasara sosai, kuma Ford ya dawo da matsayinsa da ya ɓace. Ita ce kawai manyan masu kera motoci na Amurka don gujewa ceton gwamnati tun koma bayan tattalin arzikin 2008.

Giorgetto Giugiaro

An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wanda ya fi tasiri a kera motoci na ƙarni na 20, Giorgetto Giugiaro ya ƙirƙiri motoci, duka biyu masu kyau da na ban mamaki, don kusan kowace babbar alamar kera motoci a duniya.

Babban fayil ɗin Giugiaro mai ban sha'awa ya haɗa da ɗaruruwan motocin da suka haɗa da Bugatti EB112, Subaru SVX, DeLorean DMC 12, Alfa Romeo Alfasud, Lotus Esprit, Volkswagen Golf da Scirocco. Saboda gagarumin tasirinsa kan ƙirar kera motoci na zamani, stylist ɗin Italiyan an sanya masa suna "Mai tsara Ƙarni" ta hanyar juri na 'yan jarida sama da 120 a 1999.

Mariya Barra

Mary Teresa Barra ta shiga General Motors a 1980 tana da shekaru 18 don biyan kuɗin karatunta na kwaleji. Daga duba hoods da fender panels zuwa aiki a yawancin aikin injiniya da gudanarwa, ta ci gaba da girma cikin matsayi kuma ta zama Shugaba a cikin 2014. kamfanin ya fito daga wani rikicin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba.

Haɗa mafi kyawun ƙungiyar gudanarwar GM da ta taɓa samu, Barra ya yanke shawarar yanke shawara sosai, gami da barin Rasha da canzawa zuwa motocin tuƙi da lantarki. Shugabar mace ta farko na babban mai kera motoci, mutane da yawa suna ganin ta a matsayin shugabar shugaba ta biyu mafi ƙarfi a tarihin GM bayan fitaccen shugaban kamfanin na tsakiyar ƙarni na Alfred Sloan.

Na gaba: Wannan fitaccen Shugaban Kamfanin kera motoci yana bayan sake dawowar samfuran marasa lafiya da yawa.

Carlos Tavares ne adam wata

Carlos Tavares ya taimaka wa tsohon shugaban kamfanin Nissan Carlos Ghosn wanda ya kasance tsohon shugaban kamfanin na Nissan Carlos Ghosn ya dauki tambarin daga kusan fatara zuwa daya daga cikin manyan masu kera motoci, kuma ya taka rawa ta musamman wajen tabbatar da kasancewarta a Amurka. Daga nan ya mayar da kamfanin Peugeot SA zuwa ga riba bayan shekaru da dama na asara, gami da farfado da alamar Opel ta ban mamaki.

Yayin da yake kan hanyar PSA, Tavares an san yana cikin tattaunawa don haɗa ƙungiyar tare da Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Stellantis a cikin 2021. A matsayin Shugaba na rukuni na hudu mafi girma na motoci a duniya, wanda ya mallaki Alfa Romeo, Citroën, Chrysler, Dodge, Fiat, Jeep. , Ram, Peugeot, Maserati da Vauxhall a tsakanin sauran nau'o'in, Tavares yana daya daga cikin mutane masu tasiri a cikin masana'antar kera motoci a yau.

Akio Toyoda

Jikan wanda ya kafa Toyota Kiichiro Toyoda, Akio Toyoda, shi ne shugaban Kamfanin Motocin Toyota na yanzu. Akio ya yi fice ya jagoranci Toyota bayan koma bayan tattalin arziki na 2008, mummunar girgizar kasa da tsunami na 2011, da kuma kwanan nan barazanar COVID-19, wanda ya sa ta sami riba fiye da kowane lokaci.

Yayin da Toyota ya riga ya kaddamar da motocin lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki shekaru da yawa kafin Akio ya karbi ragamar mulki, shi ne ke da alhakin tabbatar da sauye-sauyen kamfanin zuwa ingantaccen mai da kuma motocin lantarki sun kai matsayi mai ban sha'awa. A yau, Toyota na sayar da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan motoci sama da 40 a duk duniya, kuma Akio yana shirin saka biliyoyin daloli a motocin da ke amfani da wutar lantarki don yin gogayya da Tesla da sauran masu fafatawa a duniya.

Luke Donkerwolke

Kwanan nan mai suna 2022 Mutumin Mota na Shekara, Luke Donckerwolke shine Babban Jami'in Kirkirar Motoci na Kamfanin Hyundai. A cikin ƙwararriyar sana'ar da ta shafe fiye da shekaru XNUMX da suka wuce, mai ƙirar kera motoci na Belgium ya riga ya jagoranci rarrabuwar ƙira na manyan manyan kamfanoni da suka haɗa da Lamborghini, Bentley, Audi, Skoda da Seat.

Yayin da yake HMG, Donkerwolke shine ke da alhakin inganta yanayin sama na samfuran Hyundai da Kia, gabatar da alamar alatu na Farawa tare da ƙaddamar da nau'ikan ƙira irin su Kia EV6, Genesis GV60 da Hyundai Ioniq 5.

Herbert ya mutu

Shugaban kamfanin Volkswagen Herbert Diess ya taka rawar gani wajen jagorantar kungiyar daga cikin mummunar badakalar Dieselgate a shekarar 2015, inda kamfanin Volkswagen ya yi asarar tarar dala biliyan 30 na tarar da tarar da diyya bayan da ta yi damfarar motocin dizal, domin yin magudin gwajin hayakin da gwamnati ta yi.

Diess an san shi sosai don ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙoƙarin VW don kunna fayil ɗin sa. A matsayinsa na shugaban daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin kera motoci biyu a duniya, tare da manyan kamfanoni irin su Porsche, Bentley, Lamborghini, Audi da Skoda a karkashin laimansa, Diess yanzu yana da tasiri mai yawa a masana'antar kera motoci.

Na gaba: Wannan ƙwararren mai kera motoci na iya ba Tesla wahala.

R. J. Scaringe

Robert Joseph Scaringe shine wanda ya kafa Rivian Automotive, wanda ke shirin kawo sauyi ga masana'antar kera motoci tare da matuƙar ƙarfin gaske na SUVs, SUVs da manyan motocin daukar kaya, da motocin isar da saƙo na gaba.

An fara daga karce, Scaringe ya sami nasarar neman goyon bayan ’yan kato da gora, da suka hada da Cox da Amazon, yayin da Jeff Bezos ya ba da odar motocin isar da wutar lantarki 100,000. Rivian ya fito bainar jama'a a watan Nuwamba 2021 kuma an kimanta shi a kan dala biliyan 105 a cikin kwanaki biyu kawai. Wannan shine sau 50 fiye da abokin hamayyarsa Tesla a cikin kwanaki biyu na farkon IPO a 2010.

Ratan Naval Tata

Shugaban Kamfanin Tata na Indiya daga 1990 zuwa 2012, Ratan Nawal Tata shine mutumin da ke da alhakin mayar da hankalin Indiya Tata Motors, wani reshe na kungiyar, ya zama katafaren motoci na duniya ta hanyar sayan motocin Jaguar da Land Rover daga Ford 2008.

Ratan Tata ya kuma yi kanun labarai lokacin da ya fitar da motar fasinja ta Indiya ta farko a shekarar 1998 sannan kuma a shekarar 2008 ya kera mota mafi arha a duniya, Tata Nano, kan farashin masana'anta kan dala $1,300 kacal.

Kirista von Koenigsegg

Christian Von Koenigsgggg, Shugaba na Yaren mutanen Sweden aiki, wani abu ne mai hangen nesa wanda ya riƙe sikeli da girman injuna yayin karuwa da ingancin su.

Koenigsegg Automotive AB ya yi kanun labarai sau da yawa, gami da lokacin da Agera RS hypercar ya kafa rikodin gudun duniya na 285 mph. Lokacin da Bugatti ya karya wannan rikodin, Kirista ya amsa ƙalubalen tare da ƙirƙirar Jesko Absolut mai ban sha'awa wanda ke cutar da iska a cikin mph 330 maras ibada.

Elon Musk

Shugaban Kamfanin Tesla, Elon Musk, ba wai kawai ya fi kowa arziki a duniya ba, har ma ya fi kowa karfi a masana’antar kera motoci a yau. Tare da babban kasuwa wanda ya kai dala tiriliyan 1.23 a cikin Nuwamba 2021, Tesla ya kasance mai kera mota mafi daraja a duniya - nesa, KYAU a gaban kowane mai fafatawa.

Musk bai ƙirƙira motocin lantarki ba ko kuma ya ƙirƙira Tesla, amma koyaushe za a tuna da shi a matsayin mutumin da ya ingiza kuma ya jagoranci canjin masana'antar kera motoci zuwa motocin lantarki. Ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa motocin lantarki na iya zama abin dogaro, masu daɗi da sanyi, a zahiri ya sake ƙirƙira dabaran, saita masana'antar a cikin 'yan shekaru gaba kuma ya tilasta kowane mai kera motoci ko dai ya canza da sauri ko kuma ya fita daga wasan har abada!