Matsakaicin tanki na Italiyanci M-11/39
Matsakaicin tanki na Italiyanci M-11/39Fiat M11/39.
Direban yana hannun hagu, an saka wani turret mai tagwayen bindigu na bindigu na 8mm a bayansa, sannan an dora bindiga mai tsayin mita 37 a gefen dama na turret din. A cikin motar dakon kaya, an yi amfani da ƙafafun hanyoyi guda 8 masu rufaffiyar roba masu ƙananan diamita a cikin jirgin. An kulle waƙan bibbiyu a cikin karusai 4. Bugu da kari, akwai 3 goyon bayan rollers a kowane gefe. Tankunan dai sun yi amfani da kananan katafila na karfe. Tun da makamai da sulke kariya na tanki M-11/39 a fili bai isa ba, an samar da wadannan tankuna na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma an maye gurbinsu a cikin samar da M-13/40 da M-14/41. By 1933, ya zama a fili cewa tankettes bai isa ya maye gurbin wanda aka daina amfani da shi Fiat 3000, dangane da abin da aka yanke shawarar samar da wani sabon tanki. Bayan gwaji tare da nau'in nauyi (12t) na na'ura mai tushe na CV33, an zaɓi zaɓi don goyon bayan sigar haske (8t). By 1935, samfurin ya shirya. Bindigar 37 mm Vickers-Terni L40 tana cikin babban tsarin jirgin kuma yana da iyakacin iyaka (30 ° a kwance da 24 ° a tsaye). Loder-gunner yana gefen dama na rukunin fadan, direban yana hagu kuma kadan a baya, kuma kwamandan yana sarrafa bindigogin Breda guda 8-mm guda biyu da aka saka a cikin turret. Injin (har yanzu misali) ta hanyar watsawa ya kori ƙafafun tuƙi na gaba.
Gwaje-gwajen filin sun nuna cewa injin tanki da watsawa suna buƙatar haɓakawa. An kuma samar da wata sabuwar hasumiya mai zagaye don rage tsadar kayayyaki da saurin samar da kayayyaki. A ƙarshe, a shekara ta 1937, wani sabon tanki da aka tsara a matsayin Carro di rottura (tankin nasara) ya shiga samarwa. Oda na farko (kuma kawai) shine raka'a 100. Rashin albarkatun kasa ya jinkirta samarwa har zuwa 1939. Tankin ya fara aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan M.11/39, a matsayin matsakaiciyar tanki mai nauyin ton 11, kuma ya shiga sabis a cikin 1939. Sigar ƙarshe (samfurin) ya ɗan ɗan tsayi kuma ya fi nauyi (fiye da tan 10), kuma ba shi da rediyo, wanda ke da wahalar bayyanawa, tunda samfurin tankin yana da tashar rediyo a kan jirgi.
A cikin Mayu 1940, an aika da tankunan M.11/39 (raka'a 24) zuwa AOI ("Africa Orientale Italiana" / Italiyanci Gabashin Afirka). An haɗa su cikin kamfanonin tanki na M. na musamman ("Compagnia speciale carri M."), don ƙarfafa matsayi na Italiya a cikin mulkin mallaka. Bayan fafatawar farko da turawan Ingila, kwamandan filin Italiya yana matukar bukatar sabbin motocin yaki, tunda tankokin yaki na CV33 ba su da amfani kwata-kwata wajen yaki da tankunan Burtaniya. A cikin watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, runduna ta 4 ta Panzer, mai kunshe da 70 M.11/39, ta sauka a Benghazi.
Yin amfani da tankuna na farko na M.11 / 39 a kan Birtaniya ya yi nasara sosai: sun goyi bayan sojojin Italiya a farkon farmaki kan Sidi Barrani (Sidi Barrani). Amma, kamar CV33 tankettes, da sabon tankuna nuna inji matsaloli: a watan Satumba, a lokacin da sulke kungiyar sake tsara 1st bataliyar na 4th tank rejista, shi ne cewa kawai 31 daga cikin 9 motoci zauna a kan tafi a cikin Rejistament. .11 / 39 tare da tankuna na Burtaniya sun nuna cewa sun kasance ƙasa da ƙasa da Birtaniyya a kusan dukkanin bangarorin: dangane da wutar lantarki, makamai, ba tare da la'akari da raunin dakatarwa da watsawa ba.
Sakamakon babban shan kashi na gaba, wanda ya faru a farkon 1941, kusan dukkanin tankunan M.11 / 39 sun lalace ko kuma sun kama su. Tun da gazawar waɗannan motocin na ba da aƙalla abin fakewa ga sojojin ƙasa ya bayyana a fili, ma'aikatan sun yi watsi da motocin da ba su da ƙarfi ba tare da wata shakka ba. 'Yan Australiya sun yi amfani da rundunar sojojin Italiya da aka kama M.11/39, amma ba da jimawa ba aka janye su daga aikin saboda gazawar wadannan tankokin na yaki. Sauran (motocin 6 kawai) an yi amfani da su a Italiya a matsayin motocin horarwa, kuma a ƙarshe an janye su daga sabis bayan an sanya hannu kan armistice a cikin Satumba 1943. An ƙera M.11/39 a matsayin tankin tallafi na soja. A cikin duka, daga 1937 (lokacin da aka samar da samfur na farko) zuwa 1940 (lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa da mafi zamani M.11/40), an samar da irin waɗannan inji guda 92. An yi amfani da su azaman matsakaitan tankuna don ayyuka da suka fi ƙarfinsu (rashin isassun sulke, ƙarancin ƙarfi, ƙananan ƙafafun titi diamita da kunkuntar waƙoƙi). A lokacin yakin farko a Libya, ba su da wata dama a kan Matilda na Birtaniya da Valentine. Ayyukan aikin
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Ansaldo ne ya samar da tankin M-11/39 kuma an saka shi cikin yawan jama'a a cikin 1939. Shi ne na farko wakilin ajin "M" - matsakaicin motoci bisa ga Italiyanci rarrabuwa, ko da yake a cikin sharuddan fama nauyi da makamai wannan tanki da kuma tankuna M-13/40 da M-14/41 da ya bi shi ya kamata a yi la'akari. haske. Wannan mota, kamar yawancin ajin "M", ta yi amfani da injin dizal, wanda yake a baya. Bangaren tsakiya ya mamaye sashin kulawa da sashin fada.
A watan Disambar 1940, lokacin da turawan ingila suka fara kai farmaki, bataliyar ta 2 (kamfanoni 2 M.11/39), an kai musu hari ba zato ba tsammani a kusa da Nibeiwa (Nibeiwa), kuma cikin kankanin lokaci sun yi asarar tankokinsu 22. Bataliya ta 1, wacce a wancan lokacin tana cikin sabon Brigade na musamman na musamman, kuma ta hada da kamfani 1 M.11 / 39 da kamfanoni 2 CV33, ta sami damar yin wani karamin bangare ne kawai a cikin fadace-fadacen, tunda yawancin tankunan da ke karkashinta. gyara a Tobruk (Tobruk).
