Bayan ƙirƙirar ƙira da ƙira na ingantawa da ba koyaushe nasara ba na masu lalata tankin haske a cikin 1943, masu zanen Jamus sun sami nasarar ƙirƙirar na'ura mai sarrafa kansa wanda ya sami nasarar haɗa nauyi mai nauyi, sulke mai ƙarfi da ingantaccen makamai. Henschel ne ya ƙera wannan na'ura mai lalata tankin a kan ingantacciyar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazamin tankin haske na Czechoslovak TNHP, wanda ke da sunan Jamusanci Pz.Kpfw.38 (t).
Sabuwar bindigar mai sarrafa kanta tana da ƙarƙarar runguma mai ma'ana mai ma'ana ta faranti na gaba da na sama. Shigar da bindigar mm 75 mai tsayin ganga mai caliber 48, an lulluɓe shi da abin rufe fuska na sulke. An sanya bindigar injin 7,92-mm tare da murfin garkuwa akan rufin kwandon. An yi chassis ne da ƙafafu huɗu, injin ɗin yana a bayan jiki, watsawa da ƙafafun tuƙi suna gaba. Naúrar mai sarrafa kanta tana sanye da gidan rediyo da kuma na'urar tanka. An samar da wasu daga cikin na'urorin a cikin nau'in na'ura mai sarrafa kanta, yayin da aka sanya wuta a maimakon bindiga 75mm. An fara kera bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu a shekara ta 1944 kuma aka ci gaba har zuwa karshen yakin. Gabaɗaya, an samar da na'urori kusan 2600, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin bataliyoyin yaƙi da tankunan yaƙi na sojojin ƙasa da na motoci.
Daga tarihin halittar tanki mai lalata 38 "Hetzer"
Babu wani abin mamaki a cikin halittar "Jagdpanzer 38". Allies sun yi nasarar jefa bama-bamai a masana'antar Almerkische Kettenfabrik a cikin Nuwamba 1943. A sakamakon haka, lalacewar kayan aiki da kuma bita na shuka, wanda shine mafi girma masana'anta bindigogin hari Nazi Jamus, wanda ya kafa tushe na rarrabuwa na anti-tanki da brigades. Shirye-shiryen samar da runfunan hana tankokin yaƙi na Wehrmacht tare da abubuwan da suka dace sun kasance cikin haɗari.
Kamfanin Frederick Krupp ya fara kera bindigogi tare da hasumiya mai shinge daga StuG 40 da kuma tankin PzKpfw IV, amma suna da tsada sosai, kuma babu isassun tankunan T-IV. Komai ya daure saboda a farkon shekarar 1945, bisa kididdigar da aka yi, sojojin na bukatar akalla raka'a 1100 a kowane wata na bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu na tsawon millimeters saba'in da biyar. Amma saboda dalilai da yawa, da kuma saboda matsaloli da amfani da ƙarfe, babu ɗayan injunan da aka kera da yawa da za a iya samar da su da yawa. Nazarin ayyukan da ake da su sun fayyace cewa chassis da rukunin wutar lantarki na bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu "Marder III" sun ƙware kuma mafi arha, amma ajiyar ta a fili bai isa ba. Ko da yake, yawan abin hawa na yaƙi ba tare da wata matsala mai mahimmanci na dakatarwa ba ya sa ya yiwu a ƙara chassis.
A watan Agusta-Satumba na shekarar 1943, injiniyoyin VMM suka kirkiro wani zane na wani sabon nau'in bindigu masu arha masu arha masu sulke, wadanda suke dauke da bindigar da ba ta da karfin gaske, amma duk da yiwuwar yawan kera irin wadannan motoci tun kafin tashin bom. a watan Nuwamba 1943, wannan aikin bai tada sha'awa ba. A cikin 1944, Allies kusan ba su kai hari a yankin Czechoslovakia ba, masana'antar ba ta sha wahala ba tukuna, kuma samar da bindigogi a cikin ƙasa ya zama kyakkyawa sosai.
A ƙarshen Nuwamba, kamfanin VMM ya karɓi oda a hukumance tare da manufar kera samfurin jinkiri na "sabon bindigar hari" a cikin wata guda. A ranar 17 ga Disamba, an kammala aikin ƙira kuma an gabatar da samfuran katako na sabbin bambance-bambancen abin hawa ta hanyar "Heereswaffenamt" (Directorate of Armaments of the Ground Forces). Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan sun kasance a cikin chassis da tashar wutar lantarki. Na farko ya dogara ne akan tankin PzKpfw 38 (t), a cikin ƙaramin hasumiya mai girman girman wanda, tare da tsari na faranti na sulke, an saka bindigar 105-mm mara ƙarfi, mai iya bugun sulke na kowane tanki na abokan gaba. nisa har zuwa 3500 m. Na biyu yana kan chassis na wani sabon tankin leken asiri na gwaji TNH nA, dauke da bututun 105mm - na'urar harba makami mai linzami, mai saurin gudu zuwa 900 m / s da kuma bindigar atomatik 30-mm. Zaɓin, wanda, bisa ga masana, ya haɗu da nodes masu nasara na ɗaya da ɗayan, shine, kamar yadda yake, tsakiyar tsakanin sigogin da aka tsara kuma an ba da shawarar don ginawa. An amince da igwa 75-mm PaK39 L / 48 a matsayin makamai na sabon tanki mai lalata, wanda aka sanya a cikin serial samar ga matsakaici tanki halakar "Jagdpanzer IV", amma recoilless bindiga da roka bindiga ba a yi aiki ba.
Samfura SAU "Sturmgeschutz nA", wanda aka amince da shi don gini
Ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1944, an amince da sigar karshe na bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu. An sanya motar a cikin sabis a matsayin "sabon nau'in 75 mm bindigar hari akan PzKpfw 38 (t) chassis" (Sturmgeschutz nA mit 7,5 cm Cancer 39 L/48 Auf Fahzgestell PzKpfw 38 (t)). Afrilu 1, 1944. An fara samar da yawan jama'a. Ba da da ewa ba aka mayar da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu a matsayin masu lalata tanki masu haske kuma an sanya su sabon alamar "Jagdpanzer 38 (SdKfz 138/2)“. A ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1944, an kuma sanya sunan nasu "Hetzer" (Hetzer mafarauci ne wanda ke ciyar da dabba).
Motar tana da sabbin ƙira da ƙira da fasaha da yawa, kodayake masu zanen kaya sun yi ƙoƙari su haɗa ta gwargwadon yuwuwar tare da ingantaccen tanki na PzKpfw 38 (t) da mai lalata tanki na Marder III. Hulls da aka yi da faranti na sulke masu girman kauri an yi su ne ta hanyar walda, ba ta hanyar walda ba - a karon farko don Czechoslovakia. Wurin da aka yi masa walda, banda rufin yaƙi da injina, ya kasance monolithic ne kuma ba shi da iska, kuma bayan bunƙasa aikin walda, ƙarfin aikin da ake yinsa ya ragu da kusan sau biyu. Bakan ƙwanƙwasa ya ƙunshi faranti 2 na makamai tare da kauri na 60 mm (bisa ga bayanan gida - 64 mm), an shigar da shi a manyan kusurwoyi na karkata (60 ° - babba da 40 ° - ƙasa). Gefen "Hetzer" - 20 mm - Har ila yau yana da manyan kusurwoyi na karkata, don haka da kyau kare ma'aikatan daga harsasai daga anti-tanki bindigogi da harsashi na kananan-caliber (har zuwa 45 mm) bindigogi, kazalika daga manyan harsashi. da gutsutsuren bam.
Tsarin tanki mai lalata "Jagdpanzer 38 Hetzer"
Danna kan zane don ƙara girma (zai buɗe a cikin sabuwar taga)
Tsarin Hetzer kuma sabon abu ne, tunda a karon farko direban motar yana gefen hagu na axis (a cikin Czechoslovakia, kafin yakin, an karɓi saukar da direban tanki na hannun dama). An ajiye bindigar da loda a bayan kan direban, a gefen hagu na bindigar, kuma wurin kwamandan bindigar mai sarrafa kansa yana bayan mai gadin bindigar a gefen tauraro.
Don shiga da fitowar ma'aikatan a rufin motar akwai ƙyanƙyashe biyu. Na hagu an yi nufin direba, bindiga da loda, sannan na dama ga kwamanda. Domin rage tsadar bindigu masu sarrafa kansu, da farko an sanye shi da wasu ƙananan kayan aikin sa ido. Direban yana da periscopes guda biyu (sau da yawa ana shigar da ɗaya kawai) don kallon hanya; Maharbin zai iya ganin filin ne kawai ta wurin ganin periscope “Sfl. Zfla”, wanda ke da ɗan ƙaramin filin kallo. Loader yana da na'ura mai kariya ta periscope gani wanda za'a iya jujjuya shi a kusa da axis.
Mai Rushe Tanki
Kwamandan abin hawa da buɗaɗɗen ƙyanƙyashe zai iya amfani da stereotube, ko kuma na waje. Lokacin da aka rufe murfin ƙyanƙyashe a lokacin gobarar abokan gaba, an hana ma'aikatan da damar yin nazarin abubuwan da ke kewaye a gefen tauraro da gefen tanki (sai dai na'urar periscope).
An shigar da bindigar PaK75/39 mai sarrafa kanta mai nauyin 2mm tare da tsayin ganga mai caliber 48 a cikin wata kunkuntar rungumar farantin gaba kadan zuwa dama na axis na abin hawa. Kusurwoyin da ke nuni da bindiga zuwa dama da hagu ba su daidaita ba (5 ° - zuwa hagu kuma har zuwa 10 ° - zuwa dama) saboda ƙananan girman sashin fada tare da babban breech na bindigar, haka nan. asymmetrical shigarwa. Wannan dai shi ne karo na farko a ginin tankunan Jamus da Czechoslovak da za a iya shigar da irin wannan babbar bindiga a cikin irin wannan karamin dakin fada. Hakan ya yiwu ne saboda amfani da firam ɗin gimbal na musamman maimakon injin bindiga na gargajiya.
1942-1943. Injiniya K. Shtolberg ya tsara wannan firam ɗin don bindigar RaK39/RaK40, amma na ɗan lokaci bai ƙarfafa sojoji ba. Amma bayan nazarin Soviet kai bindigogi S-1 (SU-76I), SU-85 da kuma SU-152 a lokacin rani na 1943, wanda yana da irin wannan frame shigarwa, da Jamus jagoranci yi imani da aikin. Da farko an yi amfani da firam a kan matsakaici tanki masu lalata "Jagdpanzer IV", "Panzer IV / 70", kuma daga baya a kan nauyi "Jagdpanther".
Masu zanen kaya sun yi ƙoƙari su haskaka "Jagdpanzer 38", saboda gaskiyar cewa bakansa ya yi yawa sosai (datsa a kan baka, wanda ya haifar da baka har zuwa 8 - 10 cm dangane da ƙarshen).
A kan rufin Hetzer, sama da ƙyanƙyashe na hagu, an shigar da bindiga mai kariya (tare da mujallar da ke da nauyin 50), kuma an rufe shi daga shrapnel ta hanyar garkuwar kusurwa. Mai ɗaukar kaya ne ke sarrafa sabis ɗin.
"Praga AE" - ci gaban na Sweden engine "Scania-Vabis 1664", wanda aka taro-samar a Czechoslovakia karkashin lasisi, da aka shigar a cikin ikon sashen na kai-propelled bindigogi. Injin yana da silinda 6, ba shi da fa'ida kuma yana da halaye masu kyau. Gyara "Praga AE" yana da carburetor na biyu, wanda ya tada gudun daga 2100 zuwa 2500. Sun ba da izinin haɓaka, tare da ƙarar gudu, ƙarfinsa daga 130 hp. har zuwa 160 hp (daga baya - har zuwa 176 hp) - ƙara matsawa rabo na engine.
A ƙasa mai kyau, "Hetzer" zai iya hanzarta zuwa 40 km / h. A kan hanyar ƙasa tare da ƙasa mai wuya, kamar yadda gwajin Hetzer da aka kama a cikin USSR ya nuna, Jagdpanzer 38 ya iya isa gudun 46,8 km / h. Tankunan mai guda 2 masu karfin lita 220 da lita 100 sun ba wa motar jigilar kaya a kan babbar hanyar da ta kai kilomita 185-195.
Chassis na samfurin ACS ya ƙunshi abubuwa na tanki PzKpfw 38 (t) tare da ingantattun maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, amma tare da fara samar da taro, an ƙara diamita na ƙafafun titin daga 775 mm zuwa 810 mm (masu yin tanki na TNH nA). an sanya su cikin samar da yawa). Don inganta motsin motsi, an faɗaɗa waƙar SPG daga 2140 mm zuwa 2630 mm.
Jikin da aka haɗa duka ya ƙunshi firam ɗin da aka yi da sifofin T mai siffa da kusurwa, wanda aka maƙala faranti na sulke. An yi amfani da faranti iri-iri a cikin ƙirar ƙwanƙwasa. Motar na sarrafa levers da fedal.
A kasa na sulke na tanki mai lalata "Hetzer"
An yi amfani da Hetzer ta hanyar bawul mai sanyaya ruwa mai sanyaya mai silinda shida na nau'in Praga EPA AC 2800 tare da girman aiki na 7754 cm XNUMX.3 da ikon 117,7 kW (160 hp) a 2800 rpm. Wani radiator mai girman lita 50 ya kasance a bayan motar a bayan injin. Wani iskar da ke kan farantin injin ya kai ga radiator. Bugu da kari, Hetzer an sanye shi da na'urar sanyaya mai (inda aka sanyaya injina da mai watsawa), da kuma tsarin farawa mai sanyi wanda ke ba da damar sanya na'urar ta cika da ruwan zafi. Matsakaicin tankunan mai shine lita 320, an sake cika tankunan ta hanyar wuyan kowa. Yawan man fetur a kan babbar hanya ya kai lita 180 a kowace kilomita 100, kuma a waje - 250 lita a kowace kilomita 100. Tankunan mai guda biyu sun kasance a gefen sashin wutar lantarki, tankin hagu yana riƙe da lita 220, na dama kuma lita 100. Yayin da tankin hagu ya zube, an zubo mai daga tankin dama zuwa hagu. The man fetur famfo "Solex" yana da lantarki drive, gaggawa inji famfo sanye take da manual drive. Babban juzu'in kama ya bushe, multi-faifai. Gearbox "Praga-Wilson" nau'in duniya, gear biyar da baya. An watsa wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da kayan bevel. Shaft ɗin da ke haɗa injin da akwatin gear ɗin ya ratsa tsakiyar ɗakin faɗa. Babban birki da ƙari, nau'in inji (tef).
Cikakken bayani na ciki na tanki mai lalata "Hetzer"
Jagorar "Praga-Wilson" nau'in duniya. Tukwici na ƙarshe sune jeri ɗaya tare da haƙoran ciki. Dabarar gear na waje na tuƙi na ƙarshe an haɗa kai tsaye zuwa motar tuƙi. Wannan ƙirar tuƙi na ƙarshe ya ba da damar watsa gagarumin juzu'i tare da ƙaramin girman akwatin gear. Juya radius 4,54m.
Ƙarƙashin motar mai lalata tankin haske na Hetzer ya ƙunshi manyan ƙafafun hanyoyi guda huɗu (825 mm). An yi wa rollers ɗin hatimi daga takardan ƙarfe kuma an ɗaure su da farko tare da kusoshi 16, sannan da rivets. An rataye kowace dabaran bi-biyu ta hanyar marmaro mai siffar ganye. Da farko, an ɗauki maɓuɓɓugar ruwa daga faranti na ƙarfe mai kauri na 7 mm sannan kuma faranti mai kauri na 9 mm.
Bayan ƙirƙirar ƙira da ƙira na ingantawa da ba koyaushe nasara ba na masu lalata tankin haske a cikin 1943, masu zanen Jamus sun sami nasarar ƙirƙirar na'ura mai sarrafa kansa wanda ya sami nasarar haɗa nauyi mai nauyi, sulke mai ƙarfi da ingantaccen makamai. Henschel ne ya ƙera wannan na'ura mai lalata tankin a kan ingantacciyar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazamin tankin haske na Czechoslovak TNHP, wanda ke da sunan Jamusanci Pz.Kpfw.38 (t).
"Praga AE" - ci gaban na Sweden engine "Scania-Vabis 1664", wanda aka taro-samar a Czechoslovakia karkashin lasisi, da aka shigar a cikin ikon sashen na kai-propelled bindigogi. Injin yana da silinda 6, ba shi da fa'ida kuma yana da halaye masu kyau. Gyara "Praga AE" yana da carburetor na biyu, wanda ya tada gudun daga 2100 zuwa 2500. Sun ba da izinin haɓaka, tare da ƙarar gudu, ƙarfinsa daga 130 hp. har zuwa 160 hp (daga baya - har zuwa 176 hp) - ƙara matsawa rabo na engine.
