Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")
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Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")

Abubuwa
Tank mai lalata "Ferdinand"
Ferdinand. Kashi na 2
Ferdinand. Kashi na 3
Amfani da yaƙi
Amfani da yaƙi. Kashi na 2

Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")

Sunaye:

8,8 cm PaK 43/2 Sfl L / 71 Panzerjäger Tiger (P);

Harin bindiga mai girman 8,8 cm PaK 43/2

(Sd.Kfz.184).

Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")Tankin yaki na Elefant, wanda kuma aka sani da Ferdinand, an kera shi ne bisa wani samfurin VK 4501 (P) na tankin T-VI H Tiger. Kamfanin Porsche ne ya haɓaka wannan juzu'in tankin Tiger, duk da haka, an ba da fifiko ga ƙirar Henschel, kuma an yanke shawarar canza kwafin 90 da aka kera na VK 4501 (P) chassis zuwa masu lalata tanki. An dora wani gida mai sulke a sama da sashin kula da kuma wurin fada, inda aka sanya wata bindiga mai sarrafa kanta mai karfin mita 88 mai tsayin ganga 71. An nufa bindigar zuwa bayan chassis, wanda a yanzu ya zama gaban na'ura mai sarrafa kansa.

An yi amfani da na'urar watsa wutar lantarki a cikin jirginta na ƙasa, wanda ke aiki bisa ga tsari kamar haka: injunan carburetor guda biyu suna amfani da na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu, wanda aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki don sarrafa injinan lantarki da ke tuka ƙafafun motar na'urar mai sarrafa kanta. Sauran rarrabe fasali na wannan shigarwa ne sosai karfi makamai (kauri daga gaban faranti na kwanto da kuma gida ya 200 mm) da nauyi nauyi - 65 ton. Tashar wutar lantarki tare da ƙarfin 640 hp kawai. zai iya ba da matsakaicin matsakaicin saurin wannan colossus kawai 30 km / h. A kan m ƙasa, ba ta yi sauri fiye da mai tafiya a ƙasa ba. Tank halakar "Ferdinand" da aka farko amfani a Yuli 1943 a yakin Kursk. Sun kasance masu haɗari sosai lokacin da suke fafatawa a nesa mai nisa (ana ba da tabbacin huda sulke a nesa na mita 1000 don huda sulke mai kauri 200 mm) akwai lokuta lokacin da aka lalata tankin T-34 daga nesa na mita 3000, amma a cikin kusa fama sun fi wayar hannu Tankuna T-34 ya hallaka su da harbe-harbe a gefe da kashin baya. An yi amfani da shi a cikin manyan runfunan yaƙi na yaƙi da tanki.

 A cikin 1942, Wehrmacht ya karɓi tankin Tiger, wanda kamfanin Henschel ya tsara. Aikin samar da tanki guda ya samu a baya daga Farfesa Ferdinand Porsche, wanda, ba tare da jiran gwaje-gwajen samfurori guda biyu ba, ya kaddamar da tankinsa zuwa samarwa. Motar ta Porsche tana dauke da na’urar watsa wutar lantarki da ta yi amfani da tagulla mai yawa, wanda hakan na daya daga cikin kwararan dalilan da suka hana daukarsa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan tankin Porsche ya kasance sananne saboda ƙarancin amincinsa kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa daga sassan kulawa na sassan tanki. Saboda haka, bayan da aka ba da fifiko ga tankin Henschel, tambayar ta taso game da yin amfani da shirye-shiryen chassis na tankuna na Porsche, waɗanda suka sami damar samarwa a cikin adadin 90. Biyar daga cikinsu an canza su zuwa motocin dawo da su, kuma a kan sauran, an yanke shawarar gina masu lalata tanki tare da bindiga mai ƙarfi 88-mm PAK43/1 tare da tsayin ganga 71 calibers, shigar da shi a cikin wani gida mai sulke a cikin gidan. bayan tanki. Aiki a kan tuba na Porsche tankuna ya fara a watan Satumba 1942 a Alkett shuka a St. Valentine da aka kammala a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1943.

An ambaci sunayen sabbin makaman hari Panzerjager 8,8 cm Рак43 / 2 (Sd Kfz. 184)

Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")

Farfesa Ferdinand Porsche yana duba daya daga cikin samfurori na tanki na VK4501 (P) "Tiger", Yuni 1942

Daga tarihi

A lokacin fadace-fadace na bazara-kaka na 1943, wasu canje-canje sun faru a bayyanar Ferdinand. Don haka, ramuka don magudanar ruwan sama sun bayyana a kan takardar gaban gidan, a kan wasu injinan akwatin kayan gyara da jack ɗin da ke da katako na katako an tura shi zuwa ƙarshen na'urar, kuma an fara sanya waƙa a saman na sama. gaban takardar kwanto.

A cikin lokaci daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu 1944, sauran Ferdinands aka sabunta. Da farko dai an sa musu makami mai lamba MG-34 da aka saka a farantin karfen gaba. Duk da cewa Ferdinand ya kamata a yi amfani da shi wajen yakar tankokin abokan gaba a nesa mai nisa, kwarewar fada ya nuna bukatar da ake da ita wajen kare bindigu masu sarrafa kansu a fafatawar da suka yi da juna, musamman ma idan wata nakiya ta fashe ko kuma ta tashi da motar. . Misali, a lokacin fadace-fadacen da ake yi a Kursk Bulge, wasu ma’aikatan jirgin sun yi ta harbin bindiga daga bindigar wuta mai suna MG-34 ko da ta ganga na bindiga.

Bugu da kari, don inganta hangen nesa, an sanya turret tare da periscopes guda bakwai a cikin wurin ƙyanƙyasar kwamandan mai sarrafa kansa (an aro turret gaba ɗaya daga bindigar StuG42). Bugu da kari, a kan kai-propelled bindigu da suka karfafa fastening na fuka-fuki, welded a kan-jirgin lura na'urorin direban da gunner-radio ma'aikaci (ainihin tasiri na wadannan na'urorin juya a kusa da sifili), soke fitilolin mota. ya motsa shigar da akwatin kayan gyara, jack da spare tracks zuwa baya na kwandon, ya kara yawan nauyin harsasai na harbi biyar, an shigar da sababbin grille masu cirewa a kan sashin watsawa na inji (sabbin grilles da aka ba da kariya daga kwalabe na KS, wanda aka yi amfani da su). Sojoji na Red Army suna amfani da shi sosai don yaƙar tankunan abokan gaba da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu). Bugu da ƙari, bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu sun sami suturar zimmerite wanda ke kare sulke na motocin daga ma'adinan maganadisu da gurneti na abokan gaba.

A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1943, A. Hitler ya ba da shawarar cewa OKN ta canza sunayen motoci masu sulke. An karɓi shawarwarin sunansa kuma an halatta su ta hanyar odar Fabrairu 1, 1944, kuma an kwafi su ta hanyar odar Fabrairu 27, 1944. Dangane da waɗannan takaddun, Ferdinand ya sami sabon nadi - Elefant 8,8 cm Porsche harin bindiga (Elefant Jawo 8,8 cm Sturmgeschutz Porsche).

Daga kwanakin da aka yi na zamani, ana iya ganin cewa canjin sunan bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu ya faru ne kwatsam, amma a lokacin, tun lokacin da Ferdinands da aka gyara ya koma aiki. Wannan ya sa a sami sauƙin bambance tsakanin injina:

Asalin sigar motar ana kiranta “Ferdinand”, sigar zamani da ake kira “Giwaye”.

A cikin Red Army, "Ferdinands" sau da yawa ana kiransa duk wani kayan aikin soja na Jamus.

Hitler ya ci gaba da yin gaggawar samar da kayayyaki, yana son sabbin motoci su kasance a shirye don fara aikin Citadel, lokacin da aka dage shi akai-akai saboda karancin adadin sabbin tankunan Tiger da Panther da aka samar. Bindigunan harin na Ferdinand na dauke da injunan carburetor guda biyu na Maybach HL120TRM masu karfin 221 kW (300 hp) kowanne. Motocin dai suna tsakiyar tsakiyar tarkacen jirgin ne, a gaban dakin fada, bayan kujerar direban. Kaurin sulke na gaba ya kai mm 200, sulke na gefe ya kai mm 80, kasan kuwa mm 60 ne, rufin dakin fada ya kai mm 40 da mm 42. Direba da ma’aikacin rediyo suna gaban kwalkwatar. kwamanda, bindiga da masu lodi guda biyu a bayansa.

A tsarinsa da tsarinsa, bindigar Ferdinand ta banbanta da dukkan tankunan Jamus da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu na yakin duniya na biyu. A gaban tarkacen akwai wurin sarrafawa, wanda ke dauke da levers da fedals masu sarrafawa, raka'a na tsarin birki na pneumohydraulic, masu tayar da hankali, akwatin junction mai sauyawa da rheostats, panel na kayan aiki, matatun mai, batir masu farawa, gidan rediyo, kujerun direba da rediyo. Bangaren wutar lantarki ya mamaye tsakiyar ɓangaren bindiga mai sarrafa kansa. An raba shi daga sashin sarrafawa ta hanyar ɓangaren ƙarfe. Akwai injunan Maybach da aka sanya a layi daya, an haɗa su da janareta, na'ura mai ba da iska da radiator, tankunan mai, damfara, fanfo guda biyu da aka tsara don hura wutar lantarki, da kuma injinan lantarki.

Danna kan hoton don ƙarawa (zai buɗe a cikin sabuwar taga)

Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")

Mai lalata tanki "Giwaye" Sd.Kfz.184

A bangare na gaba akwai rukunin fada mai dauke da bindiga 88-mm StuK43 L/71 da aka sanya a ciki (sabanin bindigar anti-tanki mai lamba 88-mm Pak43, wanda aka daidaita don shigar da bindigar hari) da harsashi, ma'aikatan jirgin hudu. An kuma kasance a nan - kwamanda, mai bindiga da masu lodi biyu. Bugu da kari, ana samun injunan jan hankali a cikin kasan baya na bangaren fada. An raba rukunin yaƙin daga sashin wutar lantarki ta ɓangaren juriya mai zafi, da kuma bene mai hatimi. An yi hakan ne domin a hana gurɓataccen iska daga shiga cikin rukunin yaƙi daga rukunin wutar lantarki da kuma gano wata wuta da za ta iya tasowa a cikin ɗaki ko wata. Bangarorin da ke tsakanin sassan da, gabaɗaya, wurin da kayan aikin ke cikin jikin bindigar mai sarrafa kansa ya sa direban da ma'aikacin rediyo ba zai iya sadarwa da kai da ma'aikatan sashen faɗa ba. An gudanar da sadarwa a tsakanin su ta wayar tanka - mai sassauƙan bututun ƙarfe - da kuma intercom na tanki.

Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")

Don samar da Ferdinands, an yi amfani da ƙullun Tigers, wanda F. Porsche ya tsara, wanda aka yi da 80-mm-100-mm makamai. A lokaci guda kuma, an haɗa zanen gadon gefe tare da na gaba da na baya a cikin wani karu, kuma a cikin gefuna na zanen gadon akwai tsagi na 20-mm wanda zanen gadon gaba da na baya ya lalata. A waje da ciki, duk haɗin gwiwa an haɗa su da na'urorin lantarki na austenitic. Lokacin da aka canza tarkacen tanki zuwa Ferdinands, an yanke faranti na gefen baya daga ciki - ta wannan hanyar an haskaka su ta hanyar juya su zuwa ƙarin stiffeners. A wurinsu, an haɗa ƙananan faranti na 80-mm sulke, wanda shine ci gaba na babban gefen, wanda aka haɗa takarda na sama zuwa karu. Dukkan wadannan matakan an dauki su ne domin a kawo bangaren sama na kwandon zuwa matakin daya, wanda daga baya ya zama dole don shigar da gidan, haka nan akwai tsagi na 20 mm a cikin ƙananan gefen zanen gefen, wanda ya haɗa da zanen ƙasa tare da na gaba. waldi mai gefe biyu. An ƙarfafa sashin gaba na kasa (a tsawon 1350 mm) tare da ƙarin 30 mm takardar da aka zana zuwa babba tare da rivets 25 da aka shirya a cikin layuka 5. Bugu da ƙari, an gudanar da walda tare da gefuna ba tare da yanke gefuna ba.

3/4 saman gani daga gaban hull da deckhouse
Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")
"Ferdinand""Giwa"
Danna kan hoton don ƙarawa (zai buɗe a cikin sabuwar taga)
Bambance-bambance tsakanin "Ferdinand" da "Giwa". "Giwaye" yana da tudun inji-bindigo, wanda aka lulluɓe da ƙarin sulke. Jak ɗin da tsayawar itacen da aka yi masa an koma bayansa. Ana ƙarfafa shinge na gaba tare da bayanan karfe. An cire haɗe-haɗe na waƙoƙin da aka haɗe daga layin shinge na gaba. Fitilolin mota da aka cire. Ana shigar da hasken rana sama da na'urorin kallon direba. An dora turret kwamanda akan rufin gidan, kwatankwacin turret kwamandan na StuG III. A kan bangon gaban gidan, ana walda magudanan ruwa don zubar da ruwan sama.

An kuma ƙarfafa zanen gado na gaba da na gaba mai kauri na mm 100 tare da fuska mai girman mm 100, waɗanda aka haɗa su da babban takardar tare da kusoshi 12 (gaba) da 11 (na gaba) mai diamita na mm 38 tare da kawunan harsashi. Bugu da ƙari, an yi waldi daga sama da kuma daga tarnaƙi. Don hana goro daga sassauta lokacin harsashi, an kuma haɗa su zuwa cikin faranti na tushe. Ramukan na'urar kallo da na'urar da ke hawa a cikin takardar gaban gaban, wanda aka gada daga "Tiger" wanda F. Porsche ya ƙera, an yi musu walda daga ciki tare da saka sulke na musamman. An sanya rufin rufin ɗakin sarrafawa da injin wutar lantarki a cikin ramuka na 20-mm a saman gefen gefe da zanen gaba, sannan kuma walda mai gefe biyu. direba da mai aikin rediyo. Ƙanƙarar direban yana da ramuka uku don duba na'urorin, wanda aka kiyaye shi daga sama ta hanyar visor mai sulke. A gefen dama na ƙyanƙyasar ma'aikacin rediyo, an yi wa silinda sulke mai sulke don kare shigar da eriya, kuma an makala madaidaici tsakanin ƙyanƙyashe don tabbatar da ganga gun a wurin da aka ajiye. A gaban faranti na gefen tarkace akwai wuraren kallo don lura da direba da ma'aikacin rediyo.

3/4 saman gani daga baya na hull da deckhouse
Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")Mai lalata tanki "Ferdinand" ("Giwa")
"Ferdinand""Giwa"
Danna kan hoton don ƙarawa (zai buɗe a cikin sabuwar taga)
Bambance-bambance tsakanin "Ferdinand" da "Giwa". Elefant yana da akwatin kayan aiki a baya. Ana ƙarfafa shingen baya tare da bayanan ƙarfe. An matsar da sledgehammer zuwa takardar yankan kafa. Maimakon ginshiƙan hannu a gefen hagu na takardar yankan kashin baya, an yi ɗorawa don ajiyar waƙoƙi.

Baya - Gaba >>

 

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