Fighter Kyushu J7W1 Shinden
Kyushū J7W1 Shinden interceptor samfurin da aka gina. Saboda tsarin da ba a saba da shi ba, babu shakka ya kasance jirgin da ba a saba gani ba a Japan lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.
Ya kamata ya zama mai sauri, mai shiga tsakani mai kyau wanda aka ƙera don tuntuɓar maharan Boeing B-29 Superfortress na Amurka. Tana da tsarin da ba na al'ada ba na canard aerodynamic wanda, duk da samfuri guda ɗaya da aka gina kuma aka gwada, ya kasance har yau ɗaya daga cikin fitattun jiragen saman Japan da aka samar a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Mika wuya ya katse ci gaban wannan jirgin da ba a saba gani ba.
Kyaftin din shi ne mahaliccin tunanin mayakan Shinden. Mar. (tai) Masaoki Tsuruno, tsohon matukin jirgin ruwa na jirgin ruwa da ke aiki a Sashen Jiragen Sama (Hikoki-bu) na Jirgin Jirgin Ruwa na Arsenal (Kaigun Koku Gijutsusho; Kugisho a takaice) a Yokosuka. a lokacin 1942/43, a kan kansa, ya fara zayyana mayaƙa a cikin wani yanayi na "duck" aerodynamic tsarin da ba na al'ada ba, watau. tare da tsumma a kwance a gaba (kafin tsakiyar nauyi) da fuka-fuki a baya (bayan tsakiyar nauyi). Tsarin "duck" ba sabon abu bane, akasin haka - yawancin jiragen sama na lokacin majagaba a cikin ci gaban jirgin sama an gina su a cikin wannan tsari. Bayan abin da ake kira A cikin shimfidar wuri na gargajiya, jirage masu ɗorewa na gaba ba su da yawa kuma a zahiri ba su wuce iyakar gwajin ba.
Samfurin J7W1 bayan kama shi da Amurkawa. Yanzu haka dai an gyara jirgin ne bayan barnar da Japanawa suka yi, amma har yanzu ba a yi musu fenti ba. Babban karkacewa daga tsaye na kayan saukarwa yana bayyane a fili.
Tsarin "duck" yana da fa'idodi da yawa akan na gargajiya. Empennage yana haifar da ƙarin ɗagawa (a cikin shimfidar wuri na gargajiya, wutsiya tana haifar da kishiyar ƙarfin ɗagawa don daidaita lokacin farawar ɗagawa), don haka don wani nauyin ɗaukar nauyi yana yiwuwa a gina glider tare da fikafikai tare da ƙaramin yanki mai ɗagawa. Sanya wutsiya a kwance a cikin iskar da ba ta da damuwa a gaban fuka-fuki yana inganta motsin motsi a kusa da axis. Wutsiya da fuka-fuki ba su kewaye da magudanar iska, kuma fuselage na gaba yana da ƙaramin ɓangaren giciye, wanda ke rage ja da iska gabaɗayan iska.
A zahiri babu wani abu mai tsayawa, saboda lokacin da kusurwar harin ya karu zuwa ƙima mai mahimmanci, magudanar ruwa sun fara rushewa kuma ƙarfin da ke kan gaba ya ɓace, wanda ya sa hancin jirgin ya ragu, kuma ta haka ne kusurwar harin ya ragu, wanda ke hana rabuwa na jirgin. jiragen sama da kuma asarar mai ɗaukar wuta a kan fuka-fuki. Ƙananan fuselage na gaba da matsayi na kokfit a gaban fuka-fuki yana inganta hangen nesa gaba da ƙasa zuwa ɓangarorin. A gefe guda, a cikin irin wannan tsarin yana da wuyar gaske don tabbatar da isasshen kwanciyar hankali na shugabanci (na gefe) da kuma kulawa a kusa da axis na yaw, da kuma kwanciyar hankali na tsayin daka bayan karkatar da kullun (watau bayan karuwa mai girma a kan fuka-fuki). ).
A cikin wani jirgin sama mai siffar agwagwa, mafi bayyanannen bayani na ƙira shi ne sanya injin a bayan fuselage da kuma fitar da farfagandar tare da turawa. Ko da yake wannan na iya haifar da wasu matsaloli wajen tabbatar da sanyaya injin da ya dace da samun damar yin bincike ko gyara, yana ba da sarari a cikin hanci don shigar da makaman da aka tattara kusa da axis na fuselage. Bugu da kari, injin din yana bayan matukin jirgin.
yana ba da ƙarin kariya ta wuta. Duk da haka, a yanayin saukan gaggawa bayan an zare shi daga kan gado, zai iya murkushe kokfit. Wannan tsarin aerodynamic yana buƙatar amfani da chassis na gaba, wanda har yanzu babban sabon abu ne a Japan a lokacin.
An ƙaddamar da daftarin ƙirar jirgin da aka ƙera ta wannan hanyar zuwa Sashen Fasaha na Babban Daraktan Kula da Jiragen Sama na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa (Kaigun Koku Honbu Gijutsubu) a matsayin ɗan takarar mai shiga tsakani na nau'in otsu (wanda aka gajarta a matsayin kyokuchi) (duba akwatin). Bisa kididdigar farko, jirgin ya kamata ya kasance yana da kyakkyawan aikin jirgin sama fiye da injin tagwayen Nakajima J5N1 Tenrai, wanda aka ƙera don mayar da martani ga ƙayyadaddun 18-shi kyokusen na Janairu 1943. Saboda tsarin da ba a saba da shi ba, tsarin Tsuruno ya gamu da rashin so. ko kuma, da kyar, rashin yarda daga bangaren jami’an ‘yan mazan jiya na Kaigun Koku Honbu. Sai dai ya samu goyon baya mai karfi daga Comdr. Laftanar (chusa) Minoru Gendy na Babban Hafsan Sojan Ruwa (Gunreibu).
Don gwada halayen jirgin na mayaƙan nan gaba, an yanke shawarar fara ginawa da gwadawa a cikin jirgin gwajin gwajin jirgin sama na MXY6 (duba akwatin), wanda ke da shimfidar yanayi iri ɗaya da girma kamar mayaƙin da aka zayyana. A watan Agustan 1943, an gwada samfurin sikelin 1:6 a cikin ramin iska a Kugisho. Sakamakon su ya tabbatar da alƙawarin, yana tabbatar da daidaiton ra'ayin Tsuruno da kuma ba da bege ga nasarar jirgin da ya kera. Saboda haka, a cikin Fabrairun 1944, Kaigun Koku Honbu ya yarda da ra'ayin samar da wani mayakin da ba na al'ada ba, ciki har da shi a cikin shirin bunkasa sababbin jiragen sama a matsayin nau'in otsu-interceptor. Duk da yake ba a aiwatar da shi bisa ƙa'ida ba a cikin ƙayyadaddun 18-shi kyokusen, ana magana da shi ta hanyar kwangila azaman madadin J5N1 da ya gaza.
