Maharan-bam Panavia Tornado
Maharan-bam Panavia Tornado
Lokacin da aka fara amfani da Tornados a cikin 1979, babu wanda ya yi tsammanin cewa bayan shekaru 37 za a ci gaba da amfani da su. Da farko an tsara su don yaƙar cikakken rikicin soja tsakanin NATO da yarjejeniyar Warsaw, sun kuma sami kansu cikin sabbin yanayi. Godiya ga tsarin zamani na zamani, mayaƙan Tornado-bama-bamai har yanzu wani muhimmin sashi ne na sojojin Burtaniya, Italiya da Jamus.
A cikin tsakiyar 104s, an fara aiki akan ƙirƙirar sabbin jiragen sama na yaƙi a cikin ƙasashen NATO na Turai. An gudanar da su a cikin Burtaniya (musamman don neman magajin Canberra masu tayar da bama-bamai), Faransa (mai buƙatar irin wannan ƙirar), Jamus, Netherlands, Belgium, Italiya da Kanada (don maye gurbin F-91G Starfighter da G-XNUMX).
Birtaniya, bayan soke shirin leken asiri na dabarar bama-bamai TSR-2 na Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Biritaniya (BAC) da kuma kin sayen injunan F-111K na Amurka, ta yanke shawarar kafa hadin gwiwa da Faransa. Ta haka ne aka haife shirin AFVG (Ingilishi-Faransa m geometry) shirin ginin jirgin sama - haɗin gwiwar ƙirar Biritaniya da Faransanci (BAC-Dassault), wanda za a sanye shi da fuka-fuki masu canzawa, yana da nauyin ɗaukar nauyi 18 kg kuma yana ɗaukar 000 kilogiram na jirgin yaki, haɓaka matsakaicin gudun 4000 km/h (Ma=1480) a ƙananan tsayi da 1,2 km/h (Ma=2650) a tsayi mai tsayi kuma yana da kewayon dabara na 2,5 km. Watsawar ta BBM zata ƙunshi injunan turbine jet guda biyu da ƙungiyar SNECMA-Bristol Siddeley ta ƙera. Masu amfani da shi za su kasance jiragen ruwa na ruwa da sojojin sama na Burtaniya da Faransa.
Aikin binciken da aka fara a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1965 cikin sauri ya haifar da sakamako marasa nasara - ƙididdiga sun nuna cewa irin wannan ƙirar za ta yi girma sosai ga sabon masu jigilar jirgin Faransa Foch. A farkon 1966, sojojin ruwa na Biritaniya suma sun fice daga rukunin masu amfani da su nan gaba, sakamakon shawarar da aka yanke na dakatar da jigilar jiragen sama na yau da kullun da kuma mai da hankali kan ƙananan raka'a sanye take da mayaƙan jet da jirage masu saukar ungulu na VTOL. . Wannan, bi da bi, yana nufin cewa bayan siyan F-4 Phantom II mayakan, Birtaniya a karshe mayar da hankali ga yajin damar sabon zane. A watan Mayun 1966, ministocin tsaron kasashen biyu sun gabatar da jadawalin shirin - a cewarsu, gwajin jirgin samfurin BBVG zai gudana ne a shekarar 1968, da kuma isar da motocin kera a shekarar 1974.
Duk da haka, a cikin Nuwamba 1966, ya bayyana a fili cewa wutar lantarki da aka sanya don AFVG zai yi rauni sosai. Bugu da ƙari, dukan aikin za a iya "ci" ta hanyar yuwuwar farashin ci gaba gaba ɗaya - wannan yana da mahimmanci ga Faransa. Ƙoƙarin rage farashin haɓaka ƙirar bai yi nasara ba kuma a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 1967, Faransa ta ƙi ba da haɗin kai kan jirgin. Dalilin wannan matakin kuma shi ne matsin lamba daga ƙungiyoyin kamfanonin sarrafa makamai na Faransa da kuma kula da Dassault, wanda a wancan lokacin ke aiki da jirgin Mirage G variable wing.
A karkashin waɗannan sharuɗɗa, Birtaniya ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da shirin da kanta, inda ta ba ta lakabi UKVG (United Kingdom Variable Geometry), wanda ya haifar da cikakken la'akari da FCA (Future Combat Aircraft) da ACA (Advanced Combat Aircraft).
Sauran kasashen sun karkata ne wajen Jamus tare da tallafin masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama na Amurka. Sakamakon wannan aikin shi ne aikin NKF (Neuen Kampfflugzeug) - wani jirgin sama mai kujeru guda ɗaya tare da injin Pratt & Whitney TF30.
A wani lokaci, ƙungiyar da ke neman magajin F-104G Starfighter ta gayyaci Birtaniya don ba da haɗin kai. Cikakken bincike na zato da fasaha da kuma sakamakon aikin da aka gudanar ya haifar da zabi don ci gaba da bunkasa jirgin NKF, wanda ya kamata a kara girma, da kuma iya yaki da hare-haren ƙasa a kowane yanayi, rana. da dare. dare. Ya kamata ya zama motar da za ta iya kutsawa cikin tsarin tsaron iska na Warsaw Pact da kuma aiki a cikin zurfin yankin abokan gaba, kuma ba kawai jirgin sama mai sauƙi na goyon bayan kasa ba a fagen fama.
Bisa wannan hanya, kasashe biyu - Belgium da Canada - sun janye daga aikin. An kammala binciken a watan Yuli 1968, lokacin da aka tsara za a samar da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu. Biritaniya na buƙatar injin tagwaye, jirgin sama mai kujeru biyu wanda zai iya amfani da makaman nukiliya da na al'ada. Jamusawan na son ƙarin abin hawa mai kujeru guda ɗaya, wanda kuma ke ɗauke da makamai masu linzami na AIM-7 Sparrow matsakaicin zangon iska zuwa iska. An bukaci wani sasantawa don rage farashi. Don haka, an ƙaddamar da shirin gina MRCA (Multi-Role Combat Aircraft).
