Tarihin Maserati - Labari na atomatik

La Maserati yana da wahala rayuwa: a nasa 100 shekaru rayuwa ta mutu kuma ta tashi daga matattu sau da yawa, kamar phoenix, kuma ta sami kwanciyar hankali na shekaru ashirin kawai godiya ga Fiat... Bari mu bincika tare tarihin Gidan Trident, wanda aka kirkira don kera motocin tsere, kuma daga baya ya zama alama babba "an yi a Italiya".

Maserati, tarihi

La tarihin Alamar Emilian ta fara aiki a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1914, lokacin da 'yan uwan ​​uku Maserati (Alfieri II, Ernesto ed da rashin mutunci) - riga yana aiki a cikin sashin injiniya - kafa Bologna bitar da ta kware a sarrafa injin Isotta Fraschini e Diatto... A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Alfieri ya ƙulla wani sabon abu mai ƙyalli, kuma a ƙarshen rikicin, ya mai da hankali ga duniyar tsere ta hanyar sanya injin. Hispanic-Swiss na Isotta Fraschini. A wannan motar, shi, tare da ɗan'uwansa Ernesto, sun yi nasara Susa-Moncenis daga 1921.

A cikin 1922, alamar Turin Diatto ya ba wa 'yan'uwan Maserati jagorancin ayyukan wasanni na alamar, da kuma Alfieri aikin direba na hukuma, amma bayan shekaru uku, masana'antun Piedmontese sun janye daga gasar saboda bashi. Godiya ga tallafin kuɗi na Marquis Hoton Diego de Sterlich Maseratis ya sami nasarar mallakar chassis na Diatto 30 guda goma.

Nasara ta farko

Na farko Maserati Koyaushe - Rubuta 26 1926 ba komai bane illa juyin halitta Diatto GP 8C урбо sanye take injin 1.5-120-Silinda in-line XNUMX hp A cikin wannan shekarar, Mario - ɗan'uwa na biyar na Maserati kuma kaɗai ba tare da sha'awar injiniyoyi ba - ya ƙirƙiri tambarin Trident na almara, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa tambarin kan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Neptune in Piazza Maggiore a Bologna.

A cikin 1927, yayin tseren a Sicily (Kofin Messina), Alfieri ya mutu ne a wani mummunan hatsari wanda ya rasa koda. Shekara mai zuwa ta zo babban nasara ta farko - Kofin Etna - godiya ga Bacon Borzaccini... Wani direba daga Umbria ya zauna a 1929 a Cremona a bayan motar daya V4 sanye take injin tare da silinda 16, rikodin saurin duniya a farkon kilomita 10 kuma a cikin 1930 ya ci nasarar farko na kasa da kasa Trident al GP Tripoli.

Mutuwar Alfieri

a 1932 Alfieri Maserati ya mutu bayan tiyata, kuma Ernesto ya bar aikin matukinsa don ɗaukar nauyin kula da kamfanin: ya mai da hankali kan ɓangaren fasaha tare da Ettore kuma ya nada ɗan'uwansa na huɗu Bindo (ya tuna Isotta Fraschini) Shugaba. A shekara ta zo na farko nasara - a Faransa da Giuseppe Campari - a cikin daya daga cikin Babban gwaji (manyan tsere kafin Formula 1) da Tazio Nuvolari (barin Ferrari bayan rikici da Enzo akan gaskiyar cewa ƙarshen baya son shi ya zama mai mallakar 50% na hannun jarin Cavallino) ya lashe Grand Prix na Belgium bayan farawa da matsayi na ƙarshe. a kan 8CM canza.

Sun kasance beyar

1937 ita ce shekarar da wani dan kasuwa na Modena ya sayi Maserati. Adolfo Orsi, wanda ke amfani da tambarin alamar don inganta sauran ayyukansa. Bindo, Ernesto da Ettore, 'yanci daga nauyin gudanarwa, raba ayyuka a cikin kamfanin: na farko yana hulɗa da sashin kasuwanci, na biyu tare da ƙira, na uku tare da masana'anta. kyandir... A cikin wannan shekarar Giulio Severi ci nasara Targa florio daga 6 cm: tseren Sicilian ya ci nasara sau uku a jere ta Kamfanin Emilian tare Giovanni Rocco kuma a lokuta biyu tare da Luigi Villoresi ne adam wata.

Indianapolis yayi nasara

A 1939, Orsi ya koma Maserati a garinsu - Modena - a cikin yankin nasa, kuma a cikin wannan shekara 8 CTF (3.0 injin silinda takwas tare da compressors biyu da tankin mai wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na tsakiya na chassis) - motar farko da aka haɓaka a ƙarƙashin sabon gudanarwa - ta yi nasara (a karon farko ga motar Italiyanci) Indianapolis 500 tare da direba daga Amurka Wilbur Shaw... An tabbatar da haɗin haɗin gwiwa a cikin 1940: babu wani injin injin tricolor wanda ya sami nasarar lashe babbar tseren Yankee.

WWII

Da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na II, an dakatar da kera motocin tsere na ɗan lokaci don sauƙaƙe samar da kyandirori da samfura ga sojojin. A ƙarshen rikicin, Adolfo Orsi ya rasa sha'awar yin tsere, amma 'yan uwan ​​Maserati uku sun ci gaba da riƙe mafarkinsu na "tsere" godiya ga wasu motocin kashe-kashe da aka ɓoye a Milan yayin rikicin. A halin yanzu a fadin Tekun Atlantika Louis Nash ya lashe bugu biyu na tseren tudun almara Pikes ganiya (1946 da 1947) suna tukin motar Trident.

Fara samar da serial

La Farashin A6GCS daga 1947 - raguwa ga Alfieri, 6 cylinders (injin 2.0 130 l. Maserati 'yan uwan ​​Bindo, Ernesto da Ettore suka haɓaka kafin barin kamfanin (wanda ke son mai da hankali kan yin samfura) don ganowa OSCA. Motar Modena ta farko da ake samu ga jama'a ita ce A6 1500: wanda aka gabatar a Geneva Motor Show na wannan shekarar, an tsara shi Pininfarina da tattara guda injin 1.5 in-line shida silinda.

Koyaya, nasarorin wasanni na ci gaba da isowa: a cikin 1948, Gidan Trident ya dawo don lashe ɗayan Babban gwaji - Monte Carlo da Giuseppe Farina da 4CLT da Silverstone tare da Villoresi da 4CLT / 1948 - kuma shekara ta gaba Swiss Toulo de Graffenried ya sake yin nasara a da'irar Burtaniya.

50's

Shekaru 50 sun fara mugunta don Maserati saboda karuwar tashin hankali tsakanin Adolfo Orsi da ma’aikatansa: ma’abota haɗin gwiwar har ma sun mamaye wuraren. Duk da wannan, masana'anta daga Modena sun sami nasarar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a 1950. F1 tarihinta kuma yana samun filin farko a tseren na biyu na kakar lokacin da direba daga Monaco Louis Chiron gidan Grand Prix ya ƙare a matsayi na uku.

A cikin 1952, haɗin gwiwar da ke aiki da kafuwar Modena ya rushe kuma ƙungiyoyin da kansu sun nemi Orsi ya dawo ya gudanar da kamfanin. An hayar shi da mafi kyawun direba na waɗannan shekarun - ɗan Argentine. Juan Manuel Fangio - wanda, duk da haka, bai fara halarta ba har zuwa 1953 saboda wani hatsari a F2 (karshen mahaifa) wanda ya sa ya rasa duk kakar.

Nasara ta farko Maserati in F1 ya isa Grand Prix na Italiya na 1953 godiya ga Fangio da tawagarsa Farashin A6GCM... A cikin wannan shekarar, Orsi, saboda matsin lamba daga mazajen 'yan uwansa mata, an tilasta masa raba ayyukan kamfanoninsa tsakanin membobin dangi daban -daban, yana barin wannan ga kansa da ɗansa. Lobster sarrafa bita (inji da kayan aikin injin).

Daga 250F

La 250Fda nufin shiga F1 duniya 1954 kuma sanye take da injin 2.5 240 hp har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun motocin kujeru na kowane lokaci. Fangio yana da kwangila tare da Mercedes amma yayin da yake jiran motar ta Jamus ta kasance a shirye, ya nemi (kuma ya sami) damar shiga cikin Grand Prix na farko na shekara (Argentina da Belgium) a cikin motar Trident: ya ci duka kuma ya zama zakara na duniya a ƙarshen na kakar.

A cikin 1956, Burtaniya shine cikakken gwarzon tseren Modenese. Sterling Moss: ya taɓa nasara a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a Monte Carlo da Monza kuma tare da ɗan Argentina. Carlos Menditegi ya ci Buenos Aires 300S Nasarar farko ta alama a tsere a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya don Ka'idodin Wasanni.

Almara 1957

1957 - shekara mafi kyau a tarihi Maserati: Fangio ya zama zakara na F1 na duniya a karo na biyar kuma na karshe a rayuwarsa tare da nasara hudu (Argentina, Monte Carlo, Faransa da Jamus) da masu tsere biyu a cikin Grand Prix guda bakwai. A cikin wannan shekarar, an saki babbar motar Trident mai girman gaske: Bayani na 3500G, samfurin da ke canza fasalin Modenese a hukumance zuwa cikakken kera mota.

Rikici

Daga taurari zuwa riguna: 1958 Adolfo Orsi ta tsinci kanta a cikin rikici saboda gazawar gwamnatin Argentina ta biya babban jigilar kayan injin injin. Yana siyar da kadarori na sirri da yawa, yana siyar da injin kayan aiki ga kamfani na waje, kuma yana samun mulki sarrafawa mai sarrafawa... Yana biyan duk masu bashi, amma an tilasta masa rufe sashen tsere: har yanzu yana gudanar da tattara dukkan ma'aikatan sa a wani wuri, har ma da abokan hamayyarsa Ferrari.

60's

An buɗe shekarun 60 tare da sabuwar nasara a Ka'idodin Wasannin Duniya na wani. Maserati: amma Rubuta 61 karkashin umurnin Amurka Abokai wanda ke hawa saman matakin dandalin 1000 kilomita daga Nurburgring tun 1961 godiya ga Yankees duet a cikin Masten Grigory e Lloyd Kasner ne adam wata... A cikin wannan shekarar 3500 GTI, harshen Italiyanci na farko tun injin ad allura.

1963 shine lokacin da Mistral (Motocin Trident na ƙarshe wanda ke amfani da injin almara na silinda shida wanda aka aro daga 250F) kuma sama da duka, Kofofi huɗu.taken Emilian ya kai babban gudun 230 km / h.

Nasara ta ƙarshe Injin Maserati in F1 ya koma 1967 lokacin da Mexico Pedro Rodriguez ya lashe gasar Grand Prix ta Afirka ta Kudu ta tuki daya coper... A cikin wannan shekarar Ghibli, motar Modena ta farko da aka ƙera ta Giorgetto Giugiaro: za a yi nasara.

Zamanin Citroën

A cikin 1968 kashi 60% na hannun jarin Maserati sun wuce Citroen: Orsi ya ci gaba da zama Shugaba Emeritus kuma Omar yana aiki a Kwamitin Daraktoci da ke da alhakin harkar kasuwanci. Kamfanin Faransa yana amfani da injunan Modenese don ƙirƙirar samfura kamar SM, yayin da alamar Trident ta sami wasu fasaha daga masana'anta na transalpine kamar dakatarwar hydropneumatic.

Bayan shekaru uku - lokaci guda tare da ƙaddamarwa Bora (Daya katse a tsakiyar injin haifaffen sata abokan ciniki daga Lamborghini Miura) - iyali Bears tabbas yana fitowa Maserati amma a 1973 - saboda matsalar man fetur - iyali Michelin, mai Citroën, yana siyar da alamar Faransa Peugeot kuma sabbin masu mallakar sun yanke shawarar soke alamar almara na wasanni daga Emilia..

Daga Tomaso

Godiya ga kudin jama'a daga Magana (Kamfanin Gudanar da Masana'antu da Kamfanin Zuba Jari) Dan kasuwa dan kasar Argentina Alejandro de Tomaso yana samun babban ɓangaren hannun jarin Maserati: yana biyan bashin kamfani kuma yana saka hannun jari a sabbin samfura kamar ƙarni na uku Kofofi huɗu (1979, ƙirar Giugiaro) da tagwaye turbo (1981), sedan mai kofa biyu da aka lura saboda iyawar sa amma abin dogaro saboda rage lokacin ƙira. Mota - hade a ciki Milan a masana'antu Mara laifi - ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki, amma yana da mummunar tasiri ga siffar alama.

Matsayin juyawa na Fiat

a 1993 Maserati yana zuwa rukunin Fiat, wanda bayan shekaru huɗu ya sayar da kashi 50% na hannun jarin kamfanin Ferrari. Motar Trident na farko da aka gina a ƙarƙashin sabuwar gudanarwa ita ce Trident. Bayani na 3200G Giugiaro ya tsara shi, an gabatar da shi a 1998 Paris Motor Show, shekara guda kafin cikakken canji na alamar Modenese zuwa Cavallino.

A cikin 2001, Emilian ya koma kasuwar Amurka tare da Spyderwanda aka nuna a Nunin Motocin Frankfurt: Maserati na farko da aka taɓa sakawa Speed tare da paddles akan sitiyari, yana da layi mai kama da 3200 GT, amma yana da ƙarin fitilun bayan fage na gargajiya, chassis da aka sake tsarawa (gajeriyar gindin ƙafa), injin 4.2 Ferrari V8 da tashar jirgin ƙasa Gearbox (a baya a cikin toshe tare da bambanci).

Komawa ga tsere da labaran samfur

2003 shekara ce mai mahimmanci don Maserati: ƙarni na biyar Kofofi huɗu (wanda aka gabatar a Frankfurt) shine Trident na farko da aka tsara ta Pininfarina rabin karni daga baya kuma ya cinye abokan ciniki da yawa. A gefe guda, a cikin 2004 muna shaida dawowar hukuma a tsere (bayan shekaru 47) tare MC12: abin hawa sanye da injin 6.0 V12 da monocoque fiber chassis. carbon, shiga gasar zakara FIA GT kuma ya ci nasara ta farko a da'irar Jamus Oscherleben tare da Finnish Mika Salo da mu Andrea Bertolini.

Tsakanin 2005 da 2009 za a sami taken matukin jirgi huɗu (uku ga duo wanda ya ƙunshi Bertolini da Bajamushe. Michael Bartels kuma ɗaya don namu Thomas Biaggi), lakabi biyu na masu ginin (2005 da 2007, lokacin Gran Turismo en amfani Pininfarina) da gasar zakarun Turai guda biyar a jere don ƙungiyar Vitafon... A cikin 2010, jerin FIA GT sun canza suna zuwa GT1 Duniya amma sakamakon ya kasance iri ɗaya: Nasarar Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ga Bartels da Bertolini da mamaye ƙungiyar tsakanin Vitaphone.

da kewayon Maserati mai arziki a cikin 2013 tare da sababbi guda biyu tutocin ruwa: Quattroporte na shida (wanda aka gabatar a Detroit) da ƙanwarsa Ghibli, yanzu a cikin jerinsa na uku (a karon farko tare da ƙofofin baya) kuma an gina shi a kan gajeriyar bene.