Tarihin motar GAZ

Gorky Automobile Shuka (gajarta GAZ) ɗayan manyan kamfanoni ne a masana'antar kera motoci a Rasha. Babban keɓaɓɓen takamaiman kamfanin ya ta'allaka ne akan kera motoci, manyan motoci, ƙananan motoci, da haɓaka injina. Hedikwatar tana Nizhny Novgorod.

Tarihin kasuwancin ya koma zamanin USSR. An kafa kamfanin ne a shekara ta 1929 ta wata doka ta musamman da gwamnatin Soviet ta yi don inganta samar da motoci na kasar. A sa'i daya kuma, an rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da kamfanin Amurka na Ford Motor Company, wanda shi ne ya kamata ya ba GAZ goyon bayan fasaha don kafa kansa. Kamfanin yana ba da tallafin fasaha don shekaru 5.

A matsayin misali na abin ƙira don ƙirƙirar motoci na gaba, GAZ ya ɗauki samfurin abokin tarayya na waje kamar Ford A da AA. Masana'antu sun fahimci cewa duk da saurin ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci a wasu ƙasashe, zasu buƙaci yin aiki tuƙuru da yin muhimman ci gaba da yawa.

A shekara ta 1932, an kammala aikin ginin GAZ. The samar vector aka mayar da hankali, yafi a kan halittar manyan motoci, da kuma riga a cikin wani sakandare bi da bi - a kan motoci. Amma cikin kankanin lokaci an kera motocin fasinja da dama wadanda manyan gwanati ke amfani da su.

Bukatar motoci ta yi kyau, a cikin 'yan shekaru, kasancewar sun sami babban suna a matsayin kamfanin kera motoci na cikin gida, GAZ ta kera motarta ta 100.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu (Great Patriotic War), GAZ kewayon da aka yi nufin samar da sojoji kashe-hanya motocin, kazalika da tankuna ga sojojin. "Molotov ta tank", model T-38, T-60 da kuma T-70 aka ƙirƙira a GAZ shuka. A lokacin da ake ci gaba da gwabzawa, an samu fadada kera makaman atilare da kuma turmi.

Masana'antu sun sami mummunar lalacewa yayin tashin bam ɗin, wanda ya ɗauki ɗan gajeren lokaci don dawo da shi, amma aiki mai yawa. Hakanan ya shafi dakatarwar wucin gadi na samar da wasu samfura.

Bayan sake ginawa, duk ayyukan an yi niyya don dawo da samarwa. An tsara ayyukan samar da Volga da Chaika. Kazalika da ingantattun sifofin zamani. 

A cikin 1997, an sanya hannu kan wata doka tare da Fiat don amincewa da ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa mai suna Nizhegorod Motors. Babban ƙayyadaddun abin da ya kasance shine taron motocin fasinja na Fiat.

A karshen 1999, yawan motocin da aka siyar sun wuce raka'a 125486.

Tun daga farkon sabon karni, akwai ayyukan da yawa don aikace-aikacen sabbin fasahohi, kuma an sanya kwangiloli masu yawa tare da kamfanoni daban-daban a cikin masana'antar kera motoci. Tsarin kudi bai ba GAZ damar gane duk abin da aka kirkira ba, kuma taron mafi yawan motocin an fara aiwatar da su a rassa, wanda kuma yake a wasu kasashen.

Har ila yau, 2000 alama kamfanin tare da wani taron: mafi yawan hannun jari aka samu ta Basic Element, da kuma a 2001 GAZ shiga RussPromAvto rike. Kuma bayan shekaru 4, an canza sunan hannun jarin zuwa GAZ Group, wanda a shekara mai zuwa ya sayi kamfanin sarrafa van Ingila. 

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, an kammala wasu mahimman kwangila tare da kamfanonin waje kamar Volkswagen Group da Daimler. Wannan ya ba da damar kera motoci na alamun ƙasashen waje, tare da haɓaka buƙatun su.

Founder

Gwamnatin USSR ce ta kafa Gorky Automobile Shuka.

Alamar

Alamar GAZ shine heptagon tare da firam ɗin ƙarfe na azurfa tare da barewa da aka rubuta na tsarin launi iri ɗaya, wanda ke kan bangon baki. A kasa akwai rubutun "GAS" mai rubutu na musamman

Mutane da yawa suna mamakin dalilin da yasa aka zana barewa a kan alamun motocin GAZ. Amsar ita ce mai sauƙi: idan kun yi nazarin yankin Nizhny Novgorod, inda aka farfado da kamfanin, za ku iya fahimtar cewa babban yanki shine gandun daji, wanda yawancin bears da deer ke zaune.

Wannan barewa ce alamun da ke jikin rigar Nizhny Novgorod kuma shi ne aka ba shi matsayi na girmamawa a kan ruɗar gidan wuta na samfurin GAZ.

Alamar a cikin siffar barewa tare da ƙahonin da aka ɗaga sama sama yana nuna buri, gudu da mutunci.

A kan samfuran farko, babu tambari tare da barewa, kuma a lokacin yaƙi an yi amfani da oval tare da rubutun "GAS" a ciki, wanda aka yi da guduma da sickle.

Tarihin motocin GAZ

A farkon 1932, kamfanin na farko mota da aka samar - shi ne GAZ-AA kaya model yin la'akari daya da rabi ton.

A shekara mai zuwa, motar bas mai kujeru 17 ta tashi daga layin taron, firam ɗin da fatar sa ya ƙunshi galibi na itace, da kuma GAZ A.

M1 ɗin da ke da injina 4-cylinder motar fasinja ce kuma ta kasance abin dogaro. Ya kasance mafi shahararren samfurin a lokacin. A nan gaba, akwai gyare-gyare da yawa na wannan ƙirar, misali, ƙirar 415 tare da jiki mai ɗaukar hoto, kuma ƙarfin ɗaukarta ya wuce kilogram 400.

An samar da samfurin GAZ 64 a cikin shekarar 1941. Motar da take buɗe ido ta motar sojoji ce kuma tana da karko musamman.

Mota ta farko bayan yakin da aka samar ita ce babbar motar 51, wacce ta fito a lokacin bazara na 1946 kuma ta yi alfahari da wuri, tana da babban abin dogaro da tattalin arziki. An sanye shi da na'urar wutar lantarki mai silinda 6, wacce ta haɓaka saurin har zuwa 70 km / h. Hakanan akwai wasu haɓakawa da dama tare da samfuran da suka gabata kuma ƙarfin ɗaukar motar ya ƙaru da sau ɗaya da rabi. An sake inganta shi cikin ƙarni da yawa.

A cikin wannan watan na wannan shekarar, almara "Nasara" ko samfurin sedan M 20, wanda ya zama sananne a duk faɗin duniya, ya tashi daga layin taro. Wani sabon zane gaba ɗaya ya haskaka tare da asali kuma bai kama da sauran samfuran ba. Tsarin GAZ na farko tare da jiki mai ɗaukar nauyi, da kuma samfurin farko na duniya tare da jiki "marasa fuka". Faɗin ɗakin ɗakin, da kayan aiki tare da dakatarwar ƙafar ƙafar gaba mai zaman kanta, ya sa ya zama babban aikin masana'antar kera motoci na Soviet.

Motar fasinja model 12 "ZIM" da aka saki a shekarar 1950 tare da 6-Silinda ikon naúrar, wanda yana da karfi da iko da ake kira mafi sauri mota na kamfanin, iya kai gudun har zuwa 125 km / h. Hakanan an gabatar da sabbin fasahohi da yawa don mafi girman kwanciyar hankali.

Sabuwar ƙarni na Volga ya maye gurbin Pobeda a cikin 1956 tare da samfurin GAZ 21. Tsarin da ba a taɓa gani ba, akwatin gear atomatik, injin wanda ya kai saurin har zuwa 130 km / h, ingantaccen kuzari da bayanan fasaha kawai gwamnati za ta iya ba da ita. aji.

Seagull an ɗauke shi wani samfarin na Nasara. Kyakkyawan samfurin GAZ 13 da aka fitar a cikin 1959 yana da halaye iri ɗaya da GAZ 21, yana kawo shi kusa da mafi kyawun ta'aziyya da kuma wurin girmamawa a ƙasan masana'antar kera motoci na wancan lokacin.

Tsarin zamani ya bi ta manyan motoci shima. Misalan GAZ 52/53/66 sun cancanci kulawa ta musamman. An yi amfani da samfuran da kyau saboda ƙimar ƙaruwa, wanda masana'antun suka inganta. Amintaccen waɗannan samfuran har yanzu ana amfani da su a yau.

A cikin 1960, ban da manyan motoci, zamanintar da zamani ta kai ga Volga da Chaika, kuma an fitar da samfurin GAZ 24 tare da sabon ƙira da rukunin wuta da GAZ 14, bi da bi.

Kuma a cikin shekaru 80, sabon ƙarni na zamani na Volga ya bayyana tare da sunan GAZ 3102 tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙaruwa. Bukatar ta kasance baƙon abu, amma kawai a tsakanin manyan mashahuran gwamnati, tunda ɗan ƙasa ba zai iya mafarkin wannan motar ba.