Cikakken Jagora ga Duniyar K-151 Series Carburettors

Carburetor K-151 na Pekar shuka (tsohon Leningrad carburetor shuka) an ƙera shi don shigarwa akan injunan motocin YuMZ da ZMZ guda huɗu, da kuma UZAM.

Canje-canje daban-daban na carburetor sun bambanta a cikin saitin jiragen sama kuma, daidai da haka, sunayen haruffa. Labarin zai yi la'akari daki-daki da na'urar "151st", tsarinta da kuma kawar da kowane irin rashin aiki.

Na'ura da ka'idar aiki, zane

An ƙera carburetor ne don daidaitaccen dosing na cakuda man fetur da iskar man da zai biyo baya ga injin Silinda.

Carburetor K-151 yana da tashoshi guda 2 masu kama da juna waɗanda iska mai tsabta ke wucewa daga tacewa. Kowannen su yana da rotary throttle (damper). Godiya ga wannan zane, ana kiran carburetor mai ɗakuna biyu. Kuma an ƙera na'urar kunna wutar lantarki ta yadda, dangane da yadda ake danne fedal ɗin totur (wato, canje-canjen yanayin aiki na injin konewa na ciki), damper na farko yana buɗewa a lokacin da ya dace, sannan na biyu.

A tsakiyar kowane tashoshi na iska akwai mazugi mai siffar mazugi (diffusers). Iska ta ratsa su, don haka ana tsotse mai ta cikin jets na dakin iyo.

Bugu da kari, carburetor ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

1. inji mai iyo. An ƙera shi don kula da matakin man fetur akai-akai a cikin ɗakin ruwa.
2. Babban tsarin dosing na ɗakunan firamare da sakandare. An ƙera shi don shirye-shiryen da dosing na cakuda iska da man fetur don aikin injiniya a cikin nau'i daban-daban.
3. Tsarin ba shi da aiki. An ƙera shi don gudanar da injin a mafi ƙarancin gudu. Ya ƙunshi nozzles na musamman da aka zaɓa da tashoshi na iska.
4. tsarin mika mulki. Godiya ga wannan, ƙarin kyamarar tana kunne a hankali. Yana aiki a cikin yanayin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin injuna marasa aiki da manyan injuna (lokacin da ma'aunin bai wuce rabin buɗewa ba).
5. Boot na'urar. An yi niyya don sauƙaƙe fara injin a cikin lokacin sanyi. Ta hanyar ja sandar tsotsa, muna juya damper ɗin iska zuwa ɗakin farko. Don haka, an toshe tashar kuma an ƙirƙiri injin da ya dace don sake haɓaka cakuda. A wannan yanayin, bawul ɗin maƙura yana buɗewa kaɗan.
6. Mai sauri famfo. Na'urar samar da man fetur wanda ke ramawa don samar da cakuda mai ƙonewa zuwa silinda lokacin da aka buɗe ma'aunin kwatsam (lokacin da iska ke gudana da sauri fiye da cakuda).
7. Ecostat. Dosing tsarin na sakandare hadawa dakin. Wannan bututun ƙarfe ne ta inda ake ba da ƙarin man fetur zuwa ɗakin da ke buɗaɗɗen maƙura (lokacin da iskar da ke cikin diffuser ya yi yawa). Wannan yana kawar da gaurayawan raɗaɗi a babban saurin injin.
8. Bawul ɗin tattalin arziki (EPKhH). Mai alhakin kashe mai samar da mai zuwa carburetor a cikin tilasta rago (PHX). Wajibinsa yana da alaƙa da haɓakar haɓakar CO (carbon oxides) a cikin iskar gas lokacin da injin ya birki motar. Wanda ke da illa ga aikin injin.
9. Na'urar samun iska ta tilas. Ta hanyarsa, iskar gas mai guba daga crankcase ba sa shiga cikin yanayi, amma a cikin tace iska. Daga can, suna shiga cikin carburetor tare da iska mai tsabta don haɗuwa da man fetur na gaba. Amma tsarin ba ya aiki saboda babu isassun ma'auni don tsotsa. Saboda haka, an ƙirƙira ƙaramin ƙarin reshe. Yana haɗa kanti na crankcase zuwa sarari a bayan ma'aunin carburetor, inda ake amfani da mafi girman injin.

A ƙasa akwai cikakken zane na carburetor K-151 tare da alamomi:

Yadda za a kafa da hannuwanku

Don daidaita carburetor K-151, kuna buƙatar mafi ƙarancin saitin kayan aikin:

• lebur da Phillips screwdrivers;
• mulki;
• cavernometer;
• gyare-gyare da binciken hakowa (d= 6 mm);
• famfo don taya

Don cire carburetor, kuna buƙatar girman 7, 8, 10, da 13 buɗaɗɗen maƙallan wuta ko murhun akwatin.

Kafin kunnawa, cire ɓangaren sama na carburetor, tsaftace shi da datti da soot. A wannan mataki, zaku iya duba matakin man fetur a cikin ɗakin iyo. Za a tattauna wannan dalla-dalla a ƙasa.

Cire carburetor kawai idan ya zama dole! Busa da iska mai matsewa da zubar da ruwa baya kawar da sakamakon toshe kofofin da gurbatar jiragen sama (tashoshi).

Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa carb ɗin da ba shi da datti yana aiki daidai da tsaftataccen mai. Abubuwan da ke motsawa suna tsabtace kansu, datti ba ya shiga ciki. Sabili da haka, sau da yawa ya zama dole don tsaftace carburetor daga waje, a wuraren da manyan ɓangarorin datti suna tsayawa ga sassa masu motsi (a cikin injin lever da a cikin tsarin farawa).

Za mu yi la'akari da ɓarna na na'urar tare da duk gyare-gyare da haɗuwa na gaba.

Cirewa da rarraba algorithm

Algorithm mataki-mataki don cirewa da rarraba carburetor K-151:

• bude murfin motar da cire mahalli tace iska. Don yin wannan, cire kuma cire babban sashi, sa'an nan kuma tace kashi. Tare da maɓalli 10, cire ƙwaya 3 waɗanda ke riƙe da mahallin tacewa kuma cire shi;

• fitar da filogi daga EPHX microswitch;

• Bayan katse duk hoses da sanduna, tare da maɓalli na 13 muna kwance kwayoyi 4 waɗanda ke haɗa carburetor zuwa manifold. Yanzu mun cire carburetor kanta. Muhimmanci! Zai fi kyau a yi alama da hoses da haɗin kai kafin cire su, don kada wani abu ya gauraye yayin taron su;

• cire carburetor. Muna kwance 7 gyara sukurori tare da screwdriver da kuma cire saman murfin, ba manta da cire haɗin iska damper drive sanda daga lever;

• wanke carburetor tare da wakili na musamman na tsaftacewa. Don waɗannan dalilai, man fetur ko kananzir shima ya dace. Ana busa nozzles da iska mai matsewa. Muna bincika amincin gaskets, idan ya cancanta, canza su zuwa sababbi daga kayan gyara. Hankali! Kada ku wanke carburetor tare da kaushi mai ƙarfi, saboda wannan na iya lalata diaphragm da hatimin roba;
• a lokacin da disassembling da carburetor, za ka iya daidaita na'urar farawa. Idan bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba, zai yi wahala a kunna injin a lokacin sanyi. Za mu yi magana game da wannan saitin daga baya;
• dunƙule da carburetor tare da saman hula. Muna haɗa toshe na microswitches da duk wayoyi masu mahimmanci.

Idan ba zato ba tsammani ka manta da abin da tiyo ya tsaya a inda, muna bayar da shawarar yin amfani da wadannan makirci (ga engine ZMZ-402):

4- dacewa don tsotsawar iska a cikin mai sarrafa lokacin ƙonewa (VROS); 5-matakin tsotsa mai dacewa da bawul na EPHH; 6 - iskar gas mai dacewa; Zaɓin 9-nono na injin zuwa bawul ɗin EGR; 13 - dacewa don samar da injin ga tsarin EPCHG; Tashoshi 30 don hakar mai; 32 - tashar samar da mai.

Don injin ZMZ 406, an samar da carburetor na musamman K-151D, wanda babu lambar dacewa 4. Ana aiwatar da aikin rarrabawa ta na'urar firikwensin matsa lamba ta atomatik (DAP), wanda aka haɗa ta tiyo zuwa nau'in abun ciki. inda yake karanta ma'auni na vacuum daga carburetor. In ba haka ba, haɗa hoses akan injin 406 ba shi da bambanci da zanen da ke sama.

Yadda ake daidaita matakin man fetir mai ruwa

Matsayin man fetur na al'ada na K-151 carburetors ya kamata ya zama 215mm. Kafin aunawa, muna fitar da adadin man fetur da ake buƙata a cikin ɗakin ta amfani da ledar famfo na hannu.

Ana iya duba matakin ba tare da cire saman carburetor ba (duba hoton da ke sama). Madadin magudanar magudanar ruwa na ɗakin iyo, an haɗa abin da ya dace tare da zaren M10 × 1, an haɗa bututu mai haske tare da diamita na akalla 9 mm.

Idan matakin bai yi daidai ba, cire hular carburetor don samun damar shiga ɗakin da ke iyo. Da zaran ka cire babban sashi, nan da nan auna matakin tare da ma'auni mai zurfi (daga saman jirgin sama na carburetor zuwa layin man fetur). Gaskiyar ita ce, man fetur yana ƙafe da sauri lokacin da ake hulɗa da yanayi, musamman a lokacin zafi.

Wani zaɓi na sarrafa matakin matakin shine auna nisa daga saman jirgin saman mahaɗin ɗakin zuwa ta iyo kanta. Ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon 10,75-11,25 mm. Idan aka kauce daga wannan siga, lanƙwasa harshe a hankali (4) zuwa wata hanya ko wata. Bayan kowane lanƙwasa harshe, dole ne a zubar da fetur daga ɗakin, sannan a sake cika shi. Don haka, ma'aunin matakin man fetur zai kasance mafi daidaito.

Wani muhimmin yanayin aiki na tsarin kula da matakin man fetur shine daidaito na zoben rufewa na roba (6) a kan allurar kulle, da maƙarƙashiya na iyo.

Daidaita tada hankali

Kafin ka fara kafa na'urar taya, ya kamata ka fahimci kan kanka da na'urarka da kewaye.

Algorithm daidaitawa:

1. Yayin jujjuya ledar magudanar ruwa, a lokaci guda matsar da ledar shaƙa (13) har zuwa matsayi na hagu. Muna gyarawa da igiya ko waya. Tare da taimakon gyaran gyare-gyare, muna auna rata tsakanin maƙura da bangon ɗakin (A). Ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon 1,5-1,8 mm. Idan rata ba ta dace da al'ada ba, za mu kwance kullun kulle tare da maɓalli zuwa "8" kuma tare da screwdriver, juya dunƙule, saita ratar da ake so.
2. Muna ci gaba da daidaita tsawon sandar (8). Yana haɗa kyamarar sarrafa fararwa da lever sarrafa shake. A lokacin da unscrewing da threaded shugaban 11 (a cikin farko versions na carburetor), da rata (B) tsakanin levers 9 da 6 an saita daidai 0,2-0,8 mm.
3. A wannan yanayin, lever 6 dole ne ya taɓa eriya 5. Idan ba haka ba, cire dunƙule kuma juya lever 6 zuwa hagu har sai ya tsaya tare da eriya na lever mai hannu biyu (5). A kan marigayi model carburetors, rata (B) an saita ta unscrewing dunƙule cewa kulla da takalma zuwa cam 13 da kuma motsa shi sama da kara, sa'an nan tightening dunƙule.
4. A ƙarshe, bincika tazarar (B). Bayan sunk sanda 1, saka rawanin 6 mm a cikin ratar da aka samu (B) (an yarda da ± 1 mm). Idan bai shiga cikin ramin ba ko kuma ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai a gare shi, ta hanyar zazzage screw 4 da motsa lever mai hannu biyu, muna samun izinin da ake buƙata.

Bidiyo na gani akan kafa mai farawa don carburetor na sabon ƙirar K-151:

Saita tsarin mara amfani

Ana aiwatar da daidaitawa na rashin aiki don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na injin tare da ƙaramin abun ciki na carbon oxides mai cutarwa (CO) a cikin iskar gas. Amma tun da ba kowa yana da na'urar binciken gas ba, ana iya daidaita tachometer, gwargwadon yadda kuke ji daga injin.

Don fara da, za mu fara da engine da kuma dumama shi (dunƙule na yawa 1 da aka ci a cikin wani sabani matsayi). Cire ingancin screw shank plug 2, idan akwai.

Muhimmanci! Dole ne maƙarƙashiyar ta buɗe yayin daidaitawa mara amfani.

Bayan dumama tare da ingancin dunƙule, mun sami matsayi a cikin abin da engine gudun zai zama matsakaici (dan kadan da engine zai tsaya).

Na gaba, ta yin amfani da dunƙule adadin, ƙara gudun da kusan 100-120 rpm sama da mara amfani gudun a cikin masana'anta umarnin.

Bayan haka, ingancin dunƙule yana daɗaɗa har sai saurin ya ragu zuwa 100-120 rpm, wato, zuwa ƙayyadaddun ma'auni na masana'anta. Wannan yana kammala daidaita zaman banza. Ya dace don sarrafa ma'auni ta amfani da tachometer na lantarki mai nisa.

Lokacin amfani da mai nazarin gas, sarrafawa (CO) a cikin iskar gas bai kamata ya wuce 1,5%.

Muna gabatar da hankalin ku mai ban sha'awa, kuma mafi mahimmancin bidiyo mai amfani, wanda yana da sauƙin daidaita saurin aiki akan carburetor na kowane gyare-gyare na K-151:

Malfunctions da kawar dasu

Daskarewar gidaje na tattalin arziki

Carburetor K-151 akan wasu injuna yana da fasali mara kyau. A cikin mummunan yanayin rigar, cakuda man fetur a cikin carburetor yana rayayye a kan ganuwarsa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda matsanancin matsa lamba a cikin tashoshi a rago (haɗin yana motsawa da sauri, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin zafin jiki da kuma samuwar kankara). Da farko dai, jikin mai ilimin tattalin arziki ya daskare, tunda iska ta shiga cikin carburetor daga nan, kuma sashin sashin tashoshi a nan shine mafi kunkuntar.

A wannan yanayin, kawai samar da iska mai zafi zuwa matatar iska zai iya taimakawa.

Ana iya jefa ganga na bututun iskar iskar kai tsaye a cikin nau'in. Ko kuma yin abin da ake kira "brazier" - garkuwar zafi da aka yi da farantin karfe, wanda ke kan bututun shaye-shaye da kuma abin da ake haɗa bututun iskar iska (duba siffa).

Har ila yau, don rage haɗarin matsalar daskarewar tattalin arziki, mun dumama injin zuwa yanayin aiki na digiri 60 kafin tafiya. Duk da insulating gasket a kan engine, da carburetor har yanzu samun wasu zafi.

Tufafin Flange

Tare da rarrabuwa akai-akai da cire carburetor, kazalika da wuce gona da iri lokacin da ake ƙara flange zuwa injin, jirgin nasa na iya lalacewa.

Yin aiki tare da flange da ya lalace yana haifar da zubar da iska, zubar mai da sauran mummunan sakamako.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance wannan matsala. Amma mafi sauki kuma mafi araha ita ce hanya mai zuwa:

1. Muna zafi da jirgin saman carburetor flange tare da mai ƙona gas. Na farko, cire duk abubuwan da aka gyara da sassa na carburetor (na'urorin haɗi, levers, da dai sauransu).
2. Ajiye ɗakin da ke iyo a kan shimfida mai faɗi.
3. Da zaran carburetor ya ɗumama, mun kwanta kauri, ko da guntun carbide a saman flange. Mun buga sashin ba da ƙarfi ba, kowane lokaci muna sake tsara shi a wurare daban-daban. Ainihin, lanƙwasa a cikin flange yana tafiya tare da gefuna, a cikin yanki na ramukan kulle.

Don ƙarin bayani kan yadda ake gyara bridle, muna ba da shawarar kallon bidiyo mai ban sha'awa:

Don hana ci gaba da lanƙwasawa na flange, kawai ku matsa shi daidai sau ɗaya akan motar kuma kar a sake cire shi. Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, ana iya tsaftace carburetor da gyara ba tare da cire shi daga injin ba.

Canji

Carburetor K-151 aka shigar musamman a kan motoci da ZMZ da YuMZ injuna da girma na 2,3 zuwa 2,9 lita. Hakanan akwai nau'ikan carburetor don ƙananan injuna UZAM 331 (b) -3317. Harafin nadi akan jikin carburetor yana nufin kasancewa ga wani rukuni na injuna, dangane da sigogin jiragen sama.

Bayanan daidaitawa don duk gyare-gyare na K-151 carburetor

Teburin ya nuna cewa akwai gyare-gyare guda 14 gabaɗaya, waɗanda suka fi shahara daga cikinsu sune: K-151S, K-151D da K-151V. Samfura masu zuwa ba su da yawa: K-151E, K-151Ts, K-151U. Wasu gyare-gyare ba su da yawa.

K-151S

Mafi ci gaba gyare-gyare na daidaitaccen carburetor shine K-151S.

The accelerator famfo atomizer yana aiki a cikin ɗakuna biyu a lokaci guda, kuma diamita na ƙaramin diffuser ya ragu da 6mm kuma yana da sabon ƙira.

Wannan yanke shawara ya ba da damar ƙara yawan ƙarfin motar da matsakaicin 7%. Kuma haɗin kai tsakanin iska da magudanar ruwa yanzu yana ci gaba (duba hoton da ke ƙasa). Za a iya kunna shake ba tare da latsa fedalin totur ba. Sabbin sigogi na nozzles na dosing sun ba da damar saduwa da buƙatun ƙa'idodin muhalli na yanzu.

K-151S Carburetor

K-151D

An shigar da carburetor akan injunan ZM34061.10 / ZM34063.10, wanda kwakwalwar lantarki ke sarrafa kusurwar kunnawa.

An maye gurbin mai rarrabawa da DBP, wanda ke karanta ma'auni na ɓacin rai na iskar gas daga ma'auni, don haka K-151D ba shi da na'urar daukar hoto akan mai sarrafa lokacin ƙonewa.

Don wannan dalili, babu EPHX microswitch akan carb.

K-151V

Carburetor yana da bawul ɗin rashin daidaituwar ɗaki mai iyo tare da bawul ɗin solenoid. A bayan ɗakin akwai abin da ya dace wanda aka haɗa bututun samun iska. Da zaran ka kashe wutar lantarki, wutar lantarki ta buɗe hanyar shiga ɗakin, kuma tururin mai da ya wuce kima yana shiga cikin sararin samaniya, ta yadda zai daidaita matsi.

Bukatar irin wannan tsarin ya taso ne saboda shigar da carburetor akan samfuran fitarwa na UAZ, waɗanda aka ba su ga ƙasashen da ke da yanayi mai zafi.

Solenoid bawul don rashin daidaita ɗakin iyo K-151V

Carburetor ba shi da mashin mai da aka saba da shi da kuma wadatar injin zuwa bawul ɗin EGR. Bukatar su zai bayyana akan samfuran carburetor daga baya tare da daidaitaccen tsarin kewaya mai.

Girgawa sama

Carburetor K-151 ya kafa kansa a matsayin abin dogaro, rashin fahimta da sauƙin aiki. Dukkan rugujewa da gazawa a cikinta ana kawar da su cikin sauƙi. A cikin sabbin gyare-gyare, an kawar da duk gazawar samfuran da suka gabata. Kuma idan kun saita shi daidai kuma ku kula da yanayin tace iska, "151" ba zai dame ku ba na dogon lokaci.