Bincike, sauraro da wari

"A cikin shekaru goma, za mu sami kwararan hujjoji na rayuwa fiye da duniya," Ellen Stofan, darektan kimiyya na hukumar, ta ce a taron NASA Habitable Worlds in Space Conference a watan Afrilu 2015. Ta kara da cewa, za a tattara bayanan da ba za a iya musantawa ba game da wanzuwar rayuwa ta bayan kasa a cikin shekaru 20-30.

"Mun san inda za mu duba da yadda za mu duba," in ji Stofan. "Kuma tunda muna kan turbar da ta dace, babu wani dalili da zai sa mu yi shakkun cewa za mu sami abin da muke nema." Menene ainihin ma'anar ƙungiyar sama, wakilan hukumar ba su fayyace ba. Da'awarsu ta nuna cewa zai iya zama, alal misali, Mars, wani abu a cikin tsarin hasken rana, ko wani nau'i na exoplanet, ko da yake a cikin yanayin na ƙarshe yana da wuya a ɗauka cewa za a samu tabbataccen shaida a cikin tsara guda ɗaya kawai. Tabbas Binciken da aka yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan da watanni ya nuna abu daya: ruwa - kuma a cikin yanayin ruwa, wanda ake la'akari da yanayin da ake bukata don samuwa da kuma kula da kwayoyin halitta - yana da yawa a cikin tsarin hasken rana.

"A shekara ta 2040, za mu gano rayuwa ta waje," in ji Seth Szostak na NASA na Cibiyar SETI a cikin maganganunsa na kafofin watsa labarai masu yawa. Duk da haka, ba mu magana game da lamba tare da wani baƙo wayewa - a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mu an sha'awar da sabon binciken na daidai abubuwan da ake bukata don wanzuwar rayuwa, kamar ruwa albarkatun ruwa a cikin jikin na hasken rana tsarin, burbushi na reservoirs. da koguna. a duniyar Mars ko kasantuwar taurari masu kama da duniya a yankunan rayuwa na taurari. Don haka muna jin labarin yanayin da ke dacewa da rayuwa, da kuma game da burbushi, galibin sinadarai. Bambanci tsakanin yanzu da abin da ya faru a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata shi ne cewa yanzu sawun sawun, alamu da yanayin rayuwa ba su da ban mamaki kusan ko'ina, har ma a kan Venus ko a cikin hanjin watannin Saturn mai nisa.

Yawan kayan aiki da fasahohin da ake amfani da su don gano irin waɗannan takamaiman alamun suna girma. Muna haɓaka hanyoyin lura, sauraro da ganowa a cikin nau'ikan igiyoyi daban-daban. A baya-bayan nan an yi ta magana game da neman alamun sinadarai da sa hannun rayuwa hatta a kusa da taurari masu nisa. Wannan shi ne "hasken mu".

Kyakkyawan rufin Sinanci

Kayan aikin mu sun fi girma kuma sun fi hankali. A watan Satumba na 2016, an sanya giant aiki. Telescope na rediyon kasar Sin FASTwanda aikin zai kasance nemo alamun rayuwa a wasu duniyoyi. Masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya suna ba da bege mai girma a kan aikinsa. "Za a iya lura da sauri da nisa fiye da kowane lokaci a cikin tarihin binciken sararin samaniya," in ji Douglas Vakoch, shugaban METI International, ƙungiyar da aka sadaukar don neman baƙon nau'ikan hankali. Filin kallo mai sauri zai ninka girman girmansa Arecibo telescope a Puerto Rico, wanda ke kan gaba a cikin shekaru 53 da suka gabata.

Babban alfarwa ta FAST (na'urar hangen nesa tare da buɗaɗɗen mita ɗari biyar) yana da diamita na 500 m. Ya ƙunshi bangarori na aluminum triangular 4450. Ya mamaye yanki mai kama da filayen ƙwallon ƙafa talatin. Don aiki, yana buƙatar cikakken shiru a cikin radius na 5 km. don haka, an kwashe kusan mutane 10 daga yankin da ke kewaye. mutane. Na'urar hangen nesa ta rediyo tana cikin wani tafki na halitta a cikin kyawawan shimfidar wurare na koren karst a lardin Guizhou na kudancin kasar.

Koyaya, kafin FAST ya iya sa ido da kyau don rayuwa ta waje, dole ne a fara daidaita shi da kyau. Saboda haka, shekaru biyu na farko na aikinsa za a ba da fifiko ga bincike na farko da ka'idoji.

Millionaire kuma masanin kimiyyar lissafi

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan kwanan nan don neman rayuwa mai hankali a sararin samaniya shine aikin masana kimiyya na Birtaniya da Amurka, wanda hamshakin dan kasuwa na Rasha Yuri Milner ya goyi bayan. Dan kasuwan kuma masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kashe dala miliyan 100 kan binciken da ake sa ran zai kai akalla shekaru goma. "A cikin rana ɗaya, za mu tattara bayanai da yawa kamar yadda sauran shirye-shirye makamantansu suka tattara a cikin shekara guda," in ji Milner. Masanin kimiyyar lissafi Stephen Hawking, wanda ke da hannu a cikin aikin, ya ce binciken yana da ma'ana a yanzu da aka gano duniyoyi masu yawa daga hasken rana. "Akwai duniyoyi da yawa da kwayoyin halitta a sararin samaniya wanda ake ganin rayuwa za ta iya wanzuwa a wurin," in ji shi. Za a kira aikin binciken kimiyya mafi girma har zuwa yau don neman alamun rayuwa mai hankali bayan duniya. Tawagar masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley, za ta jagoranta, za ta sami fa'ida mai fa'ida ga na'urorin hangen nesa guda biyu masu ƙarfi a duniya: koren banki a West Virginia da kuma wuraren shakatawa na telescope New South Wales, Australia.

Za mu iya gane ci gaban wayewa daga nesa ta:

• kasancewar iskar gas, musamman gurɓataccen iska, chlorofluorocarbons, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia;
• fitilu da hasken haske daga abubuwan da aka gina ta hanyar wayewa;
• zafi mai zafi;
• matsanancin sakewar radiation;
• abubuwa masu ban mamaki - alal misali, manyan tashoshi da jiragen ruwa masu motsi;
• kasancewar sifofin da ba za a iya bayyana samuwarsu ta hanyar la'akari da dalilai na halitta ba.

Milner ya gabatar da wani shiri mai suna. Ya yi alkawarin biyan dala miliyan daya. lambar yabo ga duk wanda ya ƙirƙiri saƙon dijital na musamman don aikawa zuwa sararin samaniya wanda mafi kyawun wakilcin ɗan adam da Duniya. Kuma ra'ayoyin Milner-Hawking duo ba su ƙare a can ba. Kwanan nan, kafofin watsa labaru sun ba da rahoton wani aikin da ya haɗa da aika nanoprobe mai jagorancin laser zuwa tsarin tauraro wanda ya kai gudun ... kashi biyar cikin biyar na gudun haske!

kimiyyar sararin samaniya

Babu wani abu da ya fi kwantar da hankali ga masu neman rayuwa a sararin samaniya kamar gano sanannun sinadarai "sani" a cikin sararin samaniya. Ko da gizagizai na tururin ruwa "Rataye" a sararin samaniya. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an gano irin wannan girgije a kusa da quasar PG 0052+251. Bisa ga ilimin zamani, wannan ita ce mafi girma da aka sani tafki na ruwa a sararin samaniya. Ƙididdigar ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga sun nuna cewa idan duk wannan tururin ruwa ya taso, zai ninka sau tiriliyan 140 fiye da ruwan da ke cikin dukkan tekunan duniya. Yawan "tafkin ruwa" da aka samo a cikin taurari shine 100 XNUMX. sau da yawa na rana. Domin a wani wuri da ruwa ba yana nufin akwai rayuwa a wurin ba. Domin ta ci gaba, dole ne a cika sharuɗɗa daban-daban.

Kwanan nan, mun ji sau da yawa game da astronomical "nemo" na kwayoyin abubuwa a cikin m sasanninta na sarari. A cikin 2012, alal misali, masana kimiyya sun gano a nesa na kimanin shekaru XNUMX haske daga gare mu hydroxylaminewanda ya ƙunshi atom na nitrogen, oxygen da hydrogen kuma, tare da sauran kwayoyin halitta, yana da ikon samar da tsarin rayuwa akan sauran taurari.

Haɗaɗɗen ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin faifan protoplanetary da ke kewaya tauraron MWC 480.

Methyl cyanide (CH₃CN) ya cyanoacetylene (JSC₃N) waɗanda ke cikin faifan protoplanetary da ke kewaya tauraron MWC 480, wanda masu bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Astrophysics na Harvard-Smithsonian ta Amurka (CfA) suka gano a cikin 2015, wata alama ce da ke nuna cewa akwai yuwuwar samun ilmin sunadarai a sararin samaniya tare da damar yin nazarin halittu. Me ya sa wannan dangantakar ke da mahimmancin ganowa? Sun kasance a cikin tsarinmu na hasken rana a lokacin da ake yin rayuwa a duniya, kuma idan ba tare da su ba, duniyarmu ba za ta kasance kamar yadda take a yau ba. Tauraron MWC 480 shi kansa ya ninka tauraronmu nauyi kuma yana da kimanin shekaru 455 haske daga Rana, wanda kadan ne idan aka kwatanta da nisan da ake samu a sararin samaniya.

Kwanan nan, a cikin Yuni 2016, masu bincike daga ƙungiyar da suka haɗa da, da sauransu, Brett McGuire na NRAO Observatory da Farfesa Brandon Carroll na Cibiyar Fasaha ta California sun lura da alamun hadaddun kwayoyin halitta na abin da ake kira. kwayoyin chiral. Chirality yana bayyana a cikin gaskiyar cewa asalin kwayoyin halitta da madubinsa ba daidai ba ne kuma, kamar duk sauran abubuwa na chiral, ba za a iya haɗa su ta hanyar fassarar da juyawa a cikin sararin samaniya ba. Chirality yana da halayyar mahaɗan mahalli da yawa - sugars, sunadarai, da sauransu. Ya zuwa yanzu, ba mu ga ɗayansu ba, sai ga Duniya.

Wadannan binciken baya nufin cewa rayuwa ta samo asali ne daga sararin samaniya. Duk da haka, sun ba da shawarar cewa aƙalla wasu barbashi da ake buƙata don haihuwarsa na iya samuwa a can, sannan su yi tafiya zuwa taurari tare da meteorites da sauran abubuwa.

Launuka na rayuwa

Cancantar Kepler sararin samaniya ya ba da gudummawa ga gano sama da taurari ɗari na duniya kuma yana da dubban ƴan takara na exoplanet. Tun daga 2017, NASA na shirin yin amfani da wani na'urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya, magajin Kepler. Transiting Exoplanet Exploration Tauraron Dan Adam, TESS. Ayyukansa shine bincika taurarin sararin samaniya a cikin tafiya (watau wucewa ta taurarin iyaye). Ta hanyar aika shi zuwa wani babban kewayawa na elliptical a kewayen Duniya, zaku iya duba sararin sama don ganin taurarin da ke kewaya taurari masu haske a kusa da mu. Mai yiyuwa ne aikin zai dauki shekaru biyu, inda za a yi binciken tauraro kimanin rabin miliyan. Godiya ga wannan, masana kimiyya suna tsammanin gano taurari ɗari da yawa masu kama da Duniya. Ƙarin sabbin kayan aikin kamar misali. James Webb Space Telescope (James Webb Space Telescope) ya kamata ya bi kuma ya tona cikin binciken da aka riga aka yi, ya binciki yanayin da kuma nemo alamomin sinadarai wadanda daga baya za su kai ga gano rayuwa.

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Project - gani

Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka sani game da abin da ake kira biosignatures na rayuwa (misali, kasancewar iskar oxygen da methane a cikin sararin samaniya), ba a san ko wane daga cikin waɗannan siginar sinadarai daga nesa na dubun da daruruwan haske ba. shekaru a karshe yanke shawara a kan al'amarin. Masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa kasancewar iskar oxygen da methane a lokaci guda yana da matukar mahimmanci ga rayuwa, tun da babu wasu sanannun hanyoyin da ba na rayuwa ba wanda zai haifar da dukkanin iskar gas a lokaci guda. Duk da haka, kamar yadda ya bayyana, irin waɗannan sa hannun za a iya lalata su ta hanyar tauraron dan adam na exo, mai yiwuwa suna kewaye da exoplanets (kamar yadda suke kewaye da mafi yawan taurari a cikin tsarin hasken rana). Domin idan yanayin duniyar wata ya ƙunshi methane, kuma taurari suna ɗauke da iskar oxygen, to, kayan aikinmu (a halin yanzu na haɓakarsu) na iya haɗa su zuwa sa hannun oxygen-methane guda ɗaya ba tare da lura da exomoon ba.

Wataƙila ya kamata mu nemi ba alamun sinadarai ba, amma don launi? Yawancin masana ilmin taurari sun yi imanin cewa halobacteria suna cikin farkon mazaunan duniyarmu. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun shanye koren bakan radiation kuma suka mai da shi makamashi. A gefe guda kuma, suna nuna hasken violet, wanda saboda haka duniyarmu, idan aka kalli sararin samaniya, tana da irin wannan launi.

Don sha koren haske, ana amfani da halobacteria idon ido, watau na gani purple, wanda za a iya samu a idanun kashin baya. Koyaya, bayan lokaci, amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta sun fara mamaye duniyarmu. chlorophyllwanda ke ɗaukar hasken violet kuma yana nuna hasken kore. Shi ya sa duniya take kallonta. Masana taurari sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin sauran tsarin duniya, halobacteria na iya ci gaba da girma, don haka suna yin hasashe. neman rayuwa akan taurari masu ruwan hoda.

Akwai yuwuwar ganin abubuwan wannan launi ta hanyar hangen nesa na James Webb da aka ambata, wanda aka shirya ƙaddamar a cikin 2018. Irin waɗannan abubuwa, duk da haka, ana iya lura da su, idan ba su da nisa da tsarin hasken rana, kuma tauraron tsakiya na tsarin duniyar yana da ƙananan isa don kada ya tsoma baki tare da wasu sigina.

Sauran kwayoyin halitta na farko a kan duniyar-kamar exoplanet, a kowane hali, tsire-tsire da algae. Tun da yake wannan yana nufin yanayin launi na saman, duniya da ruwa, ya kamata mutum ya nemi wasu launuka waɗanda ke nuna alamar rayuwa. Sabbin na'urorin hangen nesa yakamata su gano hasken da exoplanets ke nunawa, wanda zai bayyana launukansu. Misali, a yanayin kallon duniya daga sararin samaniya, zaku iya ganin babban adadin radiation. kusa da infrared radiationwanda aka samu daga chlorophyll a cikin ciyayi. Irin waɗannan sigina, waɗanda aka karɓa a kusa da tauraro da ke kewaye da exoplanets, zai nuna cewa "akwai" kuma yana iya zama wani abu mai girma. Green zai ba da shawararsa har ma da ƙarfi. Duniyar da aka rufe da lichens na farko zai kasance a inuwa bile.

Masana kimiyya sun tantance abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin sararin samaniya bisa hanyar wucewar da aka ambata a baya. Wannan hanya tana ba da damar yin nazarin sinadarai na yanayin duniya. Hasken da ke wucewa ta sararin sama yana canza bakan sa - nazarin wannan al'amari yana ba da bayanai game da abubuwan da ke wurin.

Masu bincike daga Jami'ar College London da Jami'ar New South Wales da aka buga a cikin 2014 a cikin mujallar Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences bayanin wata sabuwar hanya mafi inganci don nazarin abin da ya faru. methane, mafi sauƙi na iskar gas, wanda ake gane kasancewarsa a matsayin alamar yiwuwar rayuwa. Abin takaici, samfuran zamani waɗanda ke kwatanta halayen methane ba su da kyau sosai, don haka yawancin methane a cikin yanayin taurari masu nisa yawanci ana la'akari da su. Yin amfani da na'urori na zamani na zamani waɗanda aikin DiRAC () da Jami'ar Cambridge suka samar, an ƙirƙiri nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 10 biliyan 1220, waɗanda za a iya danganta su da ɗaukar radiation ta ƙwayoyin methane a yanayin zafi har zuwa 2 ° C. . Jerin sabbin layukan, kusan sau XNUMX fiye da na baya, zai ba da damar ingantaccen nazarin abubuwan methane a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi.

Methane yana nuna yiwuwar rayuwa, yayin da wani, mafi tsada gas - oxygen – ya zama babu tabbacin wanzuwar rayuwa. Wannan iskar gas a duniya yana zuwa ne daga tsire-tsire na photoynthetic da algae. Oxygen yana daya daga cikin manyan alamun rayuwa. Duk da haka, a cewar masana kimiyya, yana iya zama kuskure don fassara kasancewar iskar oxygen daidai da kasancewar kwayoyin halitta.

Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano lokuta biyu inda gano iskar oxygen a cikin sararin samaniya mai nisa zai iya ba da alamar ƙarya na kasancewar rayuwa. A cikin su biyun, an samar da iskar oxygen a sakamakon kayayyakin da ba abiotic ba. A daya daga cikin al'amuran da muka yi nazari, hasken ultraviolet daga tauraro mafi karami fiye da Rana zai iya lalata carbon dioxide a cikin yanayin exoplanet, yana fitar da kwayoyin oxygen daga gare ta. Simulators na kwamfuta sun nuna cewa lalata CO₂ bada ba kawai₂, amma kuma babban adadin carbon monoxide (CO). Idan an gano wannan iskar da ƙarfi ban da iskar oxygen a cikin sararin sararin samaniya, yana iya nuna ƙararrawar ƙarya. Wani yanayin kuma ya shafi ƙananan taurari. Hasken da suke fitarwa yana ba da gudummawa ga samuwar O molecules na gajeren lokaci.₄. Ganowar su kusa da O₂ ya kamata kuma ta kunna ƙararrawa ga masana ilmin taurari.

Neman methane da sauran alamu

Babban yanayin wucewa yana faɗi kaɗan game da duniyar da kanta. Ana iya amfani da shi don sanin girmansa da nisa daga tauraro. Hanyar auna saurin radial na iya taimakawa wajen tantance yawan sa. Haɗin hanyoyin guda biyu yana ba da damar ƙididdige ƙima. Amma yana yiwuwa a bincika exoplanet a hankali? Sai dai itace. NASA ta riga ta san yadda za a fi kallon taurari kamar Kepler-7 b, wanda aka yi amfani da na'urar hangen nesa na Kepler da Spitzer don taswirar gajimare na yanayi. An gano cewa duniyar nan tana da zafi sosai don yanayin rayuwa kamar yadda muka sani, tare da yanayin zafi daga 816 zuwa 982 ° C. Duk da haka, gaskiyar irin wannan cikakken bayanin shi babban ci gaba ne, ganin cewa muna magana ne game da duniyar da ta yi nisa da mu shekaru ɗari haske.

Adaptive optics, wanda ake amfani da shi a ilimin taurari don kawar da damuwa da girgizar yanayi ke haifarwa, shima zai zo da amfani. Amfani da shi shine sarrafa na'urar hangen nesa tare da kwamfuta don guje wa nakasar madubi na gida (a kan tsari na micrometers da yawa), wanda ke gyara kurakurai a cikin hoton da ya haifar. eh yana aiki Gemini Planet Scanner (GPI) yana cikin Chile. An fara ƙaddamar da kayan aikin a cikin Nuwamba 2013. GPI tana amfani da na'urorin gano infrared, waɗanda ke da ƙarfi isa don gano bakan haske na abubuwa masu duhu da nesa kamar exoplanets. Godiya ga wannan, zai yiwu don ƙarin koyo game da abun da ke ciki. An zaɓi duniyar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan lura na farko. A wannan yanayin, GPI yana aiki kamar na'urar daukar hoto na hasken rana, ma'ana yana rage faifan tauraro mai nisa don nuna hasken duniyar da ke kusa.

Makullin lura da “alamomin rayuwa” shine hasken tauraro dake kewaya duniya. Exoplanets, suna wucewa ta sararin samaniya, suna barin wani takamaiman alama wanda za'a iya auna shi daga duniya ta hanyoyi masu kallo, watau. nazarin radiyo da ake fitarwa, shanyewa ko warwatsa ta wani abu na zahiri. Ana iya amfani da irin wannan hanya don nazarin saman exoplanets. Duk da haka, akwai sharadi ɗaya. Dole ne filaye su sha isasshe ko watsa haske. Ƙauran taurari, ma'ana taurari waɗanda keɓaɓɓen yadudduka ke yawo a cikin babban girgijen ƙura, 'yan takara ne nagari.

Kamar yadda ya fito, mun riga mun iya gane abubuwa kamar girgije na duniya. Kasancewar babban murfin gajimare da ke kewaye da exoplanets GJ 436b da GJ 1214b an kafa su bisa nazarin haske daga taurarin iyaye. Duk duniyoyin biyu suna cikin nau'in abin da ake kira super-Earths. GJ 436b yana da shekaru 36 haske daga Duniya a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Leo. GJ 1214b yana cikin ƙungiyar taurari Ophiuchus, shekaru 40 haske nesa.

Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai (ESA) a halin yanzu tana aiki akan tauraron dan adam wanda aikinsa zai zama daidai da sifa da nazarin tsarin da aka riga aka sani da exoplanets (CHEOPS). An tsara ƙaddamar da wannan manufa ta 2017. Ita kuma NASA, tana son aika tauraron dan adam na TESS da aka riga aka ambata zuwa sararin samaniya a cikin wannan shekarar. A cikin Fabrairun 2014, Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai ta amince da aikin PLATO, hade da aika na'urar hangen nesa zuwa sararin samaniya da aka tsara don nemo taurari masu kama da duniya. Bisa tsarin da ake yi a yanzu, a shekarar 2024 ya kamata ya fara neman abubuwa masu duwatsu masu ruwa. Ya kamata waɗannan abubuwan lura su taimaka wajen neman exomoon, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da bayanan Kepler.

ESA ta Turai ta haɓaka shirin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Darwin. NASA tana da irin wannan "mai rarrafe na duniya". TPF (). Manufar dukkan ayyukan biyu ita ce nazarin taurari masu girman duniya don kasancewar iskar gas a cikin yanayin da ke nuna kyakkyawan yanayi na rayuwa. Dukansu sun haɗa da ra'ayoyi masu ƙarfin gaske don hanyar sadarwa na na'urorin hangen nesa da ke haɗin gwiwa a cikin neman abubuwan da ke kama da duniya. Shekaru goma da suka wuce, fasahar ba ta ci gaba sosai ba, kuma an rufe shirye-shirye, amma ba komai ya kasance a banza ba. Wadatar da kwarewar NASA da ESA, a halin yanzu suna aiki tare a kan na'urar hangen nesa ta Webb da aka ambata a sama. Godiya ga babban madubinsa na mita 6,5, zai yiwu a yi nazarin yanayin manyan taurari. Wannan zai baiwa masu ilimin taurari damar gano alamun sinadarai na iskar oxygen da methane. Wannan zai zama takamaiman bayani game da yanayi na exoplanets - mataki na gaba na tace ilimi game da waɗannan duniyoyi masu nisa.

Ƙungiyoyi daban-daban suna aiki a NASA don haɓaka sababbin hanyoyin bincike a wannan yanki. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙananan sanannun kuma har yanzu a farkon matakansa shine . Zai kasance game da yadda za a ɓoye hasken tauraro da wani abu kamar laima, don ku iya kallon taurarin da ke bayansa. Ta hanyar nazarin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa, zai yiwu a ƙayyade abubuwan da ke cikin yanayin su. NASA za ta tantance aikin a wannan shekara ko na gaba kuma ta yanke shawara ko manufa ta cancanci hakan. Idan ya fara, to a 2022.

Wayewa akan kewayen taurari?

Neman alamun rayuwa yana nufin mafi girman buri fiye da neman dukan wayewar duniya. Yawancin masu bincike, ciki har da Stephen Hawking, ba su ba da shawara na karshen ba - saboda yiwuwar barazana ga bil'adama. A cikin da'irori masu mahimmanci, yawanci ba a ambaci wani baƙon wayewa, 'yan'uwan sararin samaniya ko haziƙai. Duk da haka, idan muna so mu nemo manyan baki, wasu masu bincike kuma suna da ra'ayoyin yadda za su kara yawan damar samun su.

Alal misali. Masanin ilimin taurari Rosanna Di Stefano na Jami'ar Harvard ta ce ci gaban wayewar kai na rayuwa ne a cikin tarin duniyoyi masu tarin yawa a bayan hanyar Milky Way. Mai binciken ta gabatar da ka'idarta a taron shekara-shekara na kungiyar Astronomical Society na Amurka a Kissimmee, Florida, a farkon 2016. Di Stefano ya ba da hujjar wannan hasashe mai cike da cece-kuce ta hanyar cewa a gefen tauraronmu akwai kusan gungu 150 da suka tsaya tsayin daka waɗanda ke ba da kyakkyawan tushe don haɓaka kowace wayewa. Taurari masu tazara kusa da juna na iya nufin tsarin duniyar da ke kusa da juna. Taurari da yawa da aka tattara cikin ƙwallaye suna da kyau ƙasa don samun nasara tsalle daga wannan wuri zuwa wani yayin kiyaye al'umma ta ci gaba. Kusancin taurari a cikin gungu na iya zama da amfani wajen dorewar rayuwa, in ji Di Stefano.