Imperial-mafarki-duce

Benito Mussolini ya yi shirin gina babbar daular mulkin mallaka. Mai mulkin kama karya na Italiya ya yi ikirarin mallakar Afirka na Burtaniya da Faransa.

A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na karni na 30, yawancin ƙasashe masu ban sha'awa na Nahiyar Duhu sun riga sun sami shugabannin Turai. Italiyawa, wadanda suka shiga ’yan mulkin mallaka ne kawai bayan hadewar kasar, sun fara sha’awar yankin kahon Afirka, wanda Turawa ba su yi bincike sosai ba. Benito Mussolini ya dawo da faɗaɗa mulkin mallaka a yankin a cikin XNUMXs.

Mafarin kasancewar Italiya a cikin kahon Afirka ya samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1869, lokacin da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na jigilar kayayyaki ya sayi wani yanki a mashigin Tekun Asab da ke gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya daga hannun wani mai mulkin kasar don samar da tashar jiragen ruwa a can don zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa. A wannan yanayin, an yi jayayya da Masar, wanda ke da'awar cewa tana da hakkin wannan yanki. A ranar 10 ga Maris, 1882, gwamnatin Italiya ta sayi tashar jiragen ruwa ta Asab. Bayan shekaru uku, Italiyawa sun yi amfani da raunin da Masar ta samu bayan shan kaye a yakin Abyssiniya, suka kwace Massawa, wanda Masarawa ke iko da shi, ba tare da wani yaki ba - daga nan ne suka fara kutsawa cikin Abyssiniya, ko da yake an dakatar da shi da shan kashi a cikin yaki da Abyssiniyawa, wanda aka gwabza ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1887, kusa da kauyen Dogali.

Fadada sarrafawa

Italiyawa sun yi kokarin karbe iko da yankunan da ke gabar tekun Indiya. A cikin 1888-1889, sarakunan sarakunan Hobyo da Majirtin sun karbe ikon kare Italiya. An sami damar fadada tekun Bahar Rum a shekara ta 1889, lokacin da bayan mutuwar Sarkin sarakuna John IV Kassa a yakin da aka yi da Derwish a Gallabat a Abyssinia, yakin sarauta ya barke. Daga nan sai Italiyanci suka yi shelar kafa mulkin mallaka na Eritriya a kan Tekun Maliya. Daga nan sai abin da suka yi ya samu goyon bayan turawan Ingila, wadanda ba su son fadada Somaliyan Faransa (jibuti ta yau). Ƙasar da ke kan Tekun Bahar Rum da a baya na Abyssinia ya kasance a hukumance a hukumance da sarki Menelik na biyu na gaba ya ba da shi ga Masarautar Italiya a wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1889 a Uccialla. Mai rikon gadon sarautar Abyssiniya ya amince ya bai wa ’yan mulkin mallaka lardunan Akele Guzai, Bogos, Hamasien, Serae da kuma yankin Tigray. A sakamakon haka, an yi masa alkawarin taimakon kuɗi da na soja na Italiya. Wannan ƙawance, ba ta daɗe ba, domin Italiyawa sun yi niyya su mallaki ƙasar Abyssinia baki ɗaya, wadda suka sanar a matsayin maƙasudin su.

A shekara ta 1891 sun mamaye garin Ataleh. A shekara mai zuwa, sun sami hayar shekaru 25 na tashar jiragen ruwa na Brava, Merca da Mogadishu daga Sarkin Zanzibar. A shekara ta 1908, majalisar dokokin Italiya ta amince da wata doka wadda a cikinta aka hade duk wani abu da ke Somaliya zuwa tsarin gudanarwa guda daya - Somaliyan Italiya, wanda a hukumance ya sami matsayin mulkin mallaka. Duk da haka, a shekara ta 1920, Italiyanci sun mallaki gabar Somaliya kawai.

Dangane da gaskiyar cewa Italiyanci sun ɗauki Abyssinia a matsayin mai kare su, Menelik na biyu ya yi tir da yarjejeniyar Ucciala kuma a farkon 1895 yakin Italo-Abyssiniya ya barke. Da farko dai Italiyawa sun yi nasara, amma a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1895, Abyssinians sun kashe wani rukunin sojojin Italiya 2350 a Amba Alagi. Daga nan ne suka kewaye sansanin sojojin da ke birnin Mekelle a tsakiyar watan Disamba. Italiyawa sun mika su a ranar 22 ga Janairu, 1896 don musanyawa don tafiya kyauta. Mafarkin Italiya na cinye Abyssiniya ya ƙare tare da rashin kunya da sojojinsu suka sha a yakin Adua a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1896. Daga rukuni na 17,7 dubu 'Yan Italiya da Eritriya a karkashin jagorancin Janar Oresto Baratieri, gwamnan Eritrea sun kashe kusan 7. sojoji. An kama wasu dubu 3-4, gami da raunata da yawa. Abyssiniyawa, wadanda kusan 4 ne kashe da 8-10 dubu sun samu raunuka, sun kama dubban bindigu da bindigogi 56. Yaƙin ya ƙare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da aka sanya hannu a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 1896, inda Italiya ta amince da 'yancin kai na Abyssinia.

Yaki na biyu da Abyssinia

Nasarar ta ba wa Abyssiniyawa shekaru da dama na zaman lafiya, yayin da Italiyawa suka mayar da hankalinsu ga Bahar Rum da yankunan daular Ottoman da ta ruguje a can. Bayan cin nasara a kan Turkawa, Italiyanci sun sami iko akan Libya da tsibiran Dodecanese; duk da haka, batun mamaye kasar Habasha ya sake kunno kai a lokacin mulkin Benito Mussolini.

A farkon shekarun 30, al'amura sun fara yawa a kan iyakokin Abyssinia tare da mulkin mallaka na Italiya. Sojojin Italiya sun kutsa cikin daya daga cikin kasashe biyu masu cin gashin kai a Afirka a lokacin. A ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1934, an yi artabu da makami tsakanin Italiya da Abyssiniya a yankin Ueluel; rikicin ya fara tsananta. Don gujewa yaki, 'yan siyasar Birtaniya da na Faransa sun yi kokarin shiga tsakani, amma ba su da tasiri saboda Mussolini yana tura yaki.

A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1935, Italiyawa suka shiga Abyssinia. Maharan sun sami fa'idar fasaha fiye da Abyssinians. Kafin a fara yakin, an aike da daruruwan jirage da motoci masu sulke da bindigogi zuwa kasashen Somaliya da Eritriya. A lokacin fadan, domin karya turjiya na makiya, Italiya sun gudanar da hare-haren bama-bamai masu yawa tare da amfani da gas din mustard. Muhimmin abin da ya faru a lokacin yakin shi ne yakin da aka yi a ranar 31 ga Maris, 1936 a kusa da Carrot, inda aka yi galaba a kan mafi kyawun rukunin sarki Haile Selasie. A Afrilu 26, 1936, Italiyanci mechanized shafi fara abin da ake kira Maris na Iron Will (Marcia della Ferrea Volontà), wanda burinsa shine babban birnin Abyssinia - Addis Ababa. Italiyawa sun shiga birnin da ƙarfe 4:00 na safe ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1936. Sarkin da iyalinsa sun tafi gudun hijira, amma yawancin talakawansa sun ci gaba da yakin bangaranci. Sojojin Italiya sun fara amfani da tsagaita wuta don murkushe duk wata turjiya. Mussolini ya ba da umarnin a kashe duk ’yan bangar da aka kama.