Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky

Ya fara ne da gina wani jirgin sama mai girma na lokacin (1913) "Ilya Muromets" (1), na'ura ta farko da ta fara aiki da injina guda hudu a duniya, mai suna bayan gwarzon tarihin Rasha. Asali ya shirya mata falo, kujerun hannu masu kyau, ɗakin kwana, bandaki da toilet. Ya zama kamar yana da nunin cewa nan gaba za a ƙirƙiri ajin kasuwanci a cikin jirgin fasinja.

CV: Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky

Ranar haihuwa: May 25, 1889 a Kyiv (Rasha Empire - yanzu Ukraine).

Ranar mutuwa: Oktoba 26, 1972, Easton, Connecticut (Amurka)

Ƙasar: Rashanci, Amurka

Matsayin iyali: aure sau biyu, yara biyar

Sa'a: A halin yanzu an kiyasta darajar gadon Igor Sikorsky a kusan dalar Amurka biliyan biyu.

Ilimi: St. Petersburg; Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kyiv; École des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ETACA) a cikin Paris

Kwarewa: Karusar Rasha-Baltic tana Aiki RBVZ a St. Petersburg. Petersburg; sojojin tsarist Rasha; wanda ke da alaƙa da Sikorski ko kamfanonin jiragen sama da ya ƙirƙira shi a cikin Amurka - Sikorsky Manufacturing Company, Sikorsky Aviation Corporation, Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division, Sikorsky

Ƙarin nasarori: Royal Order na St. Wlodzimierz, Guggenheim Medal (1951), lambar yabo ta tunawa da su. Wright Brothers (1966), Medal na Kimiyya na Ƙasar Amurka (1967); Bugu da kari, daya daga cikin gadoji a Connecticut, wani titi a Kyiv da kuma wani supersonic Rasha dabarun bam Tu-160 sunansa sunansa.

Abubuwan sha'awa: yawon shakatawa na dutse, falsafa, addini, adabin Rasha

Duk da haka, bayan shekara guda yakin duniya na farko ya barke kuma jiragen saman Rasha sun bukaci wani bam fiye da jirgin fasinja na alfarma. Igor Sikorsky don haka ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu kera jiragen sama na Tsarist Air Force, kuma zanensa ya jefa bama-bamai a wuraren Jamus da Austriya. Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da juyin juya halin Bolshevik, wanda Sikorsky ya gudu, daga karshe ya sauka a Amurka.

Akwai shakku daban-daban da ra'ayoyi masu karo da juna game da ko ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi na Rasha, Amurka, ko ma Ukrainian. Kuma Dogayen sanda na iya samun ɗan shahararsa, saboda dangin Sikorsky ɗan Poland ne (albeit Orthodox) ƙwararrun gonaki a Volhynia a lokacin Jamhuriyar Farko. Duk da haka, ga kansa, waɗannan la'akari mai yiwuwa ba za su kasance da mahimmanci ba. Igor Sikorsky domin shi mai goyon bayan tsari ne, mai bin girman kasar Rasha, kuma mai kishin kasa kamar mahaifinsa, haka nan kuma malamin Orthodox kuma marubucin littattafan falsafa da na addini. Ya yaba da tunanin marubucin Rasha Leo Tolstoy kuma ya kula da harsashinsa na New York.

Helicopter tare da gogewa

An haife shi a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 1889 a Kyiv (2) kuma shine ɗa na biyar kuma ƙarami na fitaccen likitan likitancin Rasha Ivan Sikorsky. Sa’ad da yake yaro, fasaha da nasara sun burge shi. Ya kuma ji daɗin rubuce-rubucen Jules Verne sosai. Lokacin yana matashi, ya kera jirgin sama samfurin. Zai gina jirgi mai saukar ungulu na roba na farko yana dan shekara sha biyu.

Sannan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Naval Academy da ke St. Petersburg. Petersburg da kuma a lantarki injiniya baiwa na Kiev Polytechnic Institute. A 1906 ya fara karatun injiniya a Faransa. A cikin 1908, yayin zamansa a Jamus da wasan kwaikwayo na iska da 'yan'uwan Wright suka shirya, kuma aikin Ferdinand von Zeppelin ya rinjaye shi, ya yanke shawarar sadaukar da kansa ga jirgin sama. Kamar yadda ya tuna daga baya, "An dauki awanni ashirin da hudu kafin ya canza rayuwarsa."

Nan da nan ya zama babban sha'awa. Kuma tun daga farko tunaninsa ya fi shagaltuwa da tunanin kera jirgin sama mai shawagi a tsaye, wato kamar yadda muke cewa a yau, jirgi mai saukar ungulu ko jirgi mai saukar ungulu. Samfurin biyu na farko da ya gina bai ko tashi daga kasa ba. Sai dai bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba, kamar yadda abubuwan da suka biyo baya suka nuna, sai dai ya dage shari’ar sai daga baya.

A cikin 1909 ya fara karatunsa a mashahurin jami'ar Faransa École des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile a Paris. Sannan ita ce cibiyar duniyar jiragen sama. A shekara ta gaba, ya kera jirgin farko na nasa zane, C-1. Wanda ya fara gwada wannan na'ura shine da kansa (3), wanda daga baya ya zama dabi'arsa kusan tsawon rayuwarsa. A 1911-12, a kan S-5 da S-6 jirgin da ya halitta, ya kafa da dama Rasha records, da kuma da dama duniya records. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zane a cikin sashen jiragen sama na Rasha-Baltic Carriage Works RBVZ a St. Petersburg. Petersburg.

Yayin daya daga cikin jiragen C-5, injin ya tsaya kwatsam kuma Sikorsky sai da yayi saukar gaggawa. A lokacin da ya binciki musabbabin hatsarin, ya gano cewa sauro ne ya hau cikin tankin ya yanke cakudewar da ake yi wa na’urar. Mai zanen ya kammala da cewa, tun da ba za a iya yin hasashen ko kaucewa irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru ba, ya kamata a kera jirgi don jirgin da ba shi da ƙarfi na ɗan gajeren lokaci da kuma yiwuwar saukar gaggawar gaggawa.

2. Gidan gidan Sikorsky a Kyiv - kallon zamani

Asalin sigar babban aikinsa na farko ana kiransa Le Grand kuma samfurin injin tagwaye ne. A kan shi, Sikorsky ya gina Bolshoi Baltiysk, na farko da hudu engine zane. Wannan, bi da bi, ya zama tushen halittar da aka ambata na C-22 Ilya Muromets jirgin sama, wanda aka bayar da Order of St. Wlodzimierz. Tare da Pole Jerzy Jankowski (matukin jirgi a cikin tsarist sabis), sun dauki masu aikin sa kai goma a cikin Muromets kuma suka haura zuwa tsawo na 2 m. Kamar yadda Sikorsky ya tuna, motar ba ta rasa iko da daidaito ba ko da lokacin da mutane ke tafiya tare da jirgin. reshe a lokacin jirgin.

Rachmaninoff yana taimakawa

Bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba Sikorsky na dan lokaci kadan ya yi aiki a sassan shiga tsakani na sojojin Faransa. Shiga tare da fararen fata, aikinsa na farko a Tsarist Rasha, da kuma zamantakewar zamantakewa yana nufin cewa ba shi da wani abu da zai nema a cikin sabon gaskiyar Soviet, wanda zai iya zama barazana ga rayuwa.

A cikin 1918, shi da iyalinsa sun yi nasarar tserewa daga Bolsheviks zuwa Faransa, sa'an nan kuma zuwa Kanada, daga bisani ya tafi Amurka. Ya canza sunansa zuwa Sikorsky. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin malami. Duk da haka, yana neman guraben aikin yi a masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama. A 1923 ya kafa Sikorsky Manufacturing Company, masana'antu alama jirgin sama, wanda ya ci gaba da jerin fara a Rasha. Da farko dai 'yan gudun hijirar Rasha sun taimaka masa, ciki har da shahararren mawaki Sergei Rachmaninov, wanda ya rubuta masa cak na kudi mai yawa na 5 zloty a wancan lokacin. daloli.

3. Sikorsky a matashi a matsayin matukin jirgi (hagu)

Jirginsa na farko a Amurka, S-29, na daya daga cikin ayyukan injinan tagwaye na farko a Amurka. Yana iya ɗaukar fasinjoji 14 kuma ya kai kusan kilomita 180 a cikin sa'a. Don haɓaka kasuwancin, marubucin ya haɗu tare da attajirin masana'antu Arnold Dickinson. Sikorsky ya zama mataimakinsa na zane da samarwa. Saboda haka, Sikorsky Aviation Corporation ya wanzu tun 1928. Daga cikin mahimman samfuran Sikorski na lokacin akwai jirgin ruwa mai tashi S-42 Clipper (4) wanda Pan Am ke amfani da shi don jigilar jiragen sama.

baya rotor

A cikin 30s ya kasance m Sikorsky ya yanke shawarar kawar da ƙirar sa na farko na "ɗagawa motar". Ya shigar da aikace-aikacensa na farko ga Ofishin Ba da Lamuni na Amurka don ƙirar irin wannan a cikin Fabrairu 1929. Kayan fasaha na kayan aiki ya dace da ra'ayoyinsa na baya, kuma injunan, a ƙarshe, tare da isasshen iko, sun ba da damar samar da motsin rotor mai tasiri. Jarumin mu ba ya son mu'amala da jirgin sama. Kamfaninsa ya zama wani ɓangare na damuwa na United Aircraft, kuma shi da kansa, a matsayin darektan fasaha na ɗaya daga cikin sassan kamfanin, ya yi niyyar yin abin da ya yi watsi da shi a 1908.

5. Sikorsky da helikwafta samfurinsa a 1940.

Mai zanen ya warware matsalar da kyau na lokacin amsawa mai tasowa wanda ya fito daga babban rotor. Da zaran jirgin mai saukar ungulu ya tashi daga kasa, injinsa ya fara juyawa da jujjuyawar babban na’urar rotor kamar yadda doka ta uku ta Newton ta tanada. Sikorski ya yanke shawarar shigar da ƙarin propeller na gefe a cikin fuselage na baya don rama wannan matsala. Ko da yake ana iya shawo kan wannan lamarin ta hanyoyi da dama, amma shi ne mafita da Sikorsky ya gabatar wanda har yanzu ya fi kowa. A cikin 1935, ya ba da izini ga helikwafta tare da manyan rotors na wutsiya. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, Sikorsky shuka ya haɗu da Chance Vought a ƙarƙashin sunan Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division.

Sojoji na son jirage masu saukar ungulu

Satumba 14, 1939 ya zama tarihi kwanan wata a cikin tarihin gina helikwafta. A wannan rana, Sikorsky ya fara tashi a cikin wani helikofta na farko nasara zane - VS-300 (S-46). Duk da haka, har yanzu jirgin ne mai haɗaka. Jirgin na kyauta ya faru ne a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 1940 (5).

Jirgin BC-300 samfurin helikwafta ne, wanda ya fi kama da amfrayo na abin da zai zo na gaba, amma an riga an ba da izinin sama da sa'a daya da rabi na jirgin, da kuma sauka a kan ruwa. Motar Sikorsky ta yi matukar burge sojojin Amurka. Mai zanen ya fahimci ainihin bukatun soja kuma a cikin wannan shekarar ya kirkiro wani aikin don na'ura na XR-4, helikwafta na farko kamar na'urorin zamani na irin wannan.

6. Daya daga cikin model na helikwafta R-4 a 1944.

7. Igor Sikorsky da jirage masu saukar ungulu

A cikin 1942, an gwada jirgin farko da sojojin saman Amurka suka yi oda. Ya shiga samarwa a matsayin R-4(6). Kimanin injuna 150 na irin wannan ne suka je runfunan soji daban-daban, inda suke gudanar da ayyukan ceto, da karbar wadanda suka tsira da kuma matukan jirgi da aka saukar, daga baya kuma sun zama injunan horar da matukan jirgi wadanda za su zauna a karkashin ikon manyan jirage masu saukar ungulu. A cikin 1943, masana'antun Vought da Sikorsky sun sake rabuwa, kuma daga baya kamfanin ya mayar da hankali ne kawai kan samar da jirage masu saukar ungulu. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya ci kasuwar Amurka (7).

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce tarihin kyautar Sikorsky a cikin 50s, ya kirkiro helikwafta na farko na gwaji wanda ya kai gudun sama da kilomita 300 / h. Ya bayyana cewa kyautar ta tafi ... USSR, wato, mahaifar Sikorsky. Jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na Mi-6 da aka gina a can ya kafa bayanai da dama, ciki har da matsakaicin gudun kilomita 320 a cikin sa'a.

Tabbas, motocin da Sikorsky ya gina suma sun karya tarihi. A cikin 1967, S-61 ya zama jirgi mai saukar ungulu na farko a tarihi wanda ya yi shawagi ba tsayawa a kan Tekun Atlantika. A cikin 1970, wani samfurin, S-65 (CH-53), ya fara tashi a kan Tekun Pacific. Shi kansa Mista Igor ya riga ya yi ritaya, inda ya koma a shekarar 1957. Duk da haka, har yanzu ya yi aiki da kamfaninsa a matsayin mai ba da shawara. Ya mutu a 1972 a Easton, Connecticut.

Mafi shaharar inji a duniya a yau, wanda masana'antar Sikorsky ta kera, ita ce UH-60 Black Hawk. An samar da sigar S-70i Black Hawk (8) a masana'antar PZL a Mielec, wacce ta kasance cikin rukunin Sikorsky na shekaru da yawa.

A aikin injiniya da kuma jirgin sama Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky ya kasance majagaba ta kowace hanya. Tsarinsa ya lalata shingen da kamar ba za a iya karyewa ba. Yana da lambar lasisin matukin jirgi na Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) da lambar lasisin matukin jirgi mai saukar ungulu 64.