Halayen Maz 525

Ka yi la'akari da magabata na BelAZ jerin - MAZ-525.

Wanda ya riga BelAZ jerin - MAZ-525

Serial ma'adinai juji truck MAZ-525 (1951-1959 - MAZ-525; 1959-1965 - BelAZ-525). Dalilin bayyanar motar da ke hakar ma'adinan tan 25 shi ne bukatar wata dabarar da za ta iya isar da tubalan dutse daga ma'adanin da ake hakar ma'adinai don gina madatsun ruwa. MAZ-205 da ya wanzu a lokacin bai dace da wannan dalili ba saboda ƙananan ƙarfinsa. An sanya raguwar wutar lantarki akan motar daga 450 zuwa 300 hp. 12-Silinda dizal tanki D-12A. Axle na baya, ba kamar na gaba ba, an makala shi da kyar a cikin firam ɗin, ba tare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ba, don haka babu wani dakatarwa da zai iya jure nauyin girgizar da ke faruwa a lokacin da motar juji ta loda da duwatsun dala cubic mita shida (a hanya).

Don ɗaukar girgizar kayan da aka yi jigilar, an yi ƙasa sau biyu, daga zanen ƙarfe tare da haɗin gwiwar itacen oak a tsakanin su. An canja wurin kaya kai tsaye zuwa firam ɗin ta kwalin roba shida. Manyan ƙafafun da diamita na taya ya kai santimita 172 sun kasance babban abin ɗaukar girgiza. Bayyanar motar ta sami sauye-sauye masu yawa a cikin tsarin samar da taro. Idan a cikin samfurin farko na injin injin a gindin ya kasance daidai da nisa na taksi, to ya zama mafi kunkuntar - don ajiye karfe. Fitar mai-iska mai lamba, wanda bai dace da murfin ba, an fara sanya shi a hagu, sannan a dama. Kwarewa a cikin ƙura mai ƙura ya ba da shawarar mafita: shigar da tacewa biyu.

Don kare lafiyar makanikai waɗanda ke hidimar dizal na wannan doguwar mota, an fara sanya kariya a gefen murfin (a cikin hoton da ke hagu), bayan shekara guda an watsar da shi. An canza adadin masu taurin jiki daga bakwai zuwa shida. Siffar chrome-plated na bison, wanda aka sanya a kan hoods na farko MAZ-525, daga baya aka raba zuwa biyu "takalma" - wadannan bas-reliefs an haɗe zuwa tarnaƙi na kaho, kuma ko da a lokacin ba ko da yaushe. Ya zuwa yanzu, motar juji daya tilo da ta tsira a Rasha an sanya ta a matsayin wani abin tarihi a kusa da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Krasnoyarsk. A lokacin samar da motoci a Belarushiyanci Automobile Shuka, bison bace daga kaho, da kuma rubutun "BelAZ" bayyana a wurinsa.

A shekara ta 1959, a Zhodino, an yi ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar sirdi na MAZ-525A don yin aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na jirgin ƙasa tare da BelAZ-5271 tipper Semi-trailer na ƙirar kansa, wanda aka tsara don ton 45 na dutse ko ƙasa. Duk da haka, da kwarewa ba nasara, da kuma Semi-trailer shiga cikin jerin kawai a shekarar 1962 tare da mafi iko BelAZ-540A tarakta. Shekara guda bayan fara samar da MAZ-525 ma'adinai juji truck, da mota tarakta MAZ-E-525D halitta birgima daga ƙofofin Minsk Automobile Shuka. An tsara shi don yin aiki tare da 15-cubic-meter D-189 scraper, wanda zai iya ɗauka kawai lokacin jigilar kaya da tuki ba tare da komai ba, kuma lokacin cika jiki, an haɗe mai turawa zuwa hanyar jirgin kasa - guda MAZ . -. E-525D tare da ballast akan gatari na baya.

Wannan ya zama dole, tun da cika scraper bukatar 600 hp daga tarakta, yayin da ikon MAZ ne kawai 300 hp. Kuma duk da haka, buƙatar mai turawa a wannan mataki ba za a iya la'akari da wani mummunan abu ba, tun da yake dangane da amfani da man fetur, yin amfani da scraper tare da inji guda biyu ya fi dacewa fiye da ɗaya - sau biyu fiye da iko. Bayan haka, mai turawa bai yi aiki da guda ɗaya ba, amma tare da scrapers da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, kuma mafi girman nisa na jigilar kaya, mafi yawan injin da mai turawa zai iya ɗauka, kuma mafi girman ingancin amfani da su.

Matsakaicin gudun tarakta tare da ɗorawa mai cikakken kaya shine 28 km / h. Yana da girma na 6730x3210x3400 mm da wheelbase na 4000 mm, wanda ya kai mm 780 kasa da na juji da aka yi akan chassis ɗin da aka gina. Kai tsaye bayan taksi na MAZ-E-525D, an shigar da na'ura mai sarrafa injin da ke da karfin ja mai nauyin kilogiram 3500 don sarrafa na'urar. A 1952, godiya ga kokarin da Mining Institute na Academy of Sciences na Ukrainian SSR, Kharkov trolleybus depot da kuma Soyuznerud amince da wani sabon irin sufuri da aka haife. A kan shasi na MAZ-205 da YaAZ-210E juji manyan motoci, da kuma bayan shekaru biyu da aka halitta wheeled lantarki juji motoci a kan ashirin da biyar-ton MAZ-525.

A trolleybus a kan MAZ-525 racing chassis aka sanye take da biyu trolleybus lantarki Motors na DK-202 da jimlar ikon 172 kW, sarrafa da wani mai kula da hudu lamba bangarori na TP-18 ko TP-19. Motocin lantarki sun kuma yi amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma daga jikin. An yi jigilar wutar lantarki daga tashar wutar lantarki zuwa injinan lantarki na motoci kamar yadda aka yi da motocin trolleybuses na yau da kullun: igiyoyi an shimfiɗa su a kan hanyar aikinsu, wanda ya taɓa motocin jujjuya wutar lantarki tare da rufaffiyar rufin biyu a kansu. . Ayyukan direbobi a kan irin waɗannan injuna sun fi sauƙi fiye da motocin juji na gargajiya.

 

MAZ-525 juji truck: bayani dalla-dalla

Ci gaban masana'antar Soviet bayan yakin ya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin hakar ma'adanai, wanda motocin juji na yau da kullun ba su iya cirewa daga cikin akwati. Bayan haka, da damar taro-samar jikin a farkon na farko post-yaki shekaru MAZ-205 da kuma YaAZ-210E 3,6 da kuma 8 cubic mita, bi da bi, da kuma iya aiki bai wuce 6 da 10 ton, da kuma Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai suna buƙatar motar juji kusan ninki biyu na waɗannan adadi! Haɓaka da samar da irin wannan na'ura an ba da amana ga Kamfanin Mota na Minsk.

Irin wannan aiki mai wuyar gaske ya fada a kafadu Boris Lvovich Shaposhnik, shugaban nan gaba na sanannen SKB MAZ, inda aka halicci masu ɗaukar makamai masu linzami masu yawa; A wannan lokacin ya riga ya yi aiki a matsayin babban zanen, na farko a ZIS, sa'an nan a Novosibirsk Automobile Shuka, gina ginin da aka fara a 1945, amma ko da kafin kaddamar da shi aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani sashen. Shaposhnik ya isa Minsk Automobile Plant tare da wasu masu zane-zane daga Novosibirsk a watan Nuwamba 1949, inda ya zama shugaban ofishin zane na shuka (KEO). Abun da aka ambata shine makomar MAZ-525. Ga masana'antar kera motoci na cikin gida, wannan sabon nau'in motar juji ne - ba a taɓa yin irin wannan ba a ƙasarmu a baya! Kuma har yanzu

(ɗaukar nauyin ton 25, babban nauyi 49,5 ton, girman jiki 14,3 cubic meters), yana da adadin hanyoyin fasaha da suka ci gaba na wancan lokacin. Alal misali, a karon farko a kasarmu, MAZ-525 ya yi amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma akwatunan gear na duniya da aka gina a cikin ƙafafun ƙafafun. Injin da aka kawo daga Barnaul mai silinda mai siffar V 12 ya haɓaka 300 hp, clutch ɗin yana da diski biyu kuma an haɗa shi da clutch na hydraulic wanda ke kare watsawa, kuma diamita na ƙafafun ya kusan wuce tsayin babba!

Tabbas, bisa ga ka'idodin yau, ƙarfin jikin na farko na Soviet ma'adinan juji na MAZ-525 ba shi da ban sha'awa: ana samar da manyan motocin juji na yau da kullun, waɗanda aka tsara don tuki a kan hanyoyin jama'a, suna ɗaukar nauyin kaya iri ɗaya a kan jirgin. Ta hanyar ma'auni na tsakiyar karni na karshe, canja wurin fiye da 14 "cubes" a cikin jirgin daya an dauke shi babban nasara! Don kwatanta: a lokacin, YaAZ-210E, mafi girma a cikin gida hanya juji mota, yana da wani girma na jiki wanda shi ne shida "cubes" kasa.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan fara samar da taro a 1951, an yi canje-canje da yawa ga bayyanar quarry: an maye gurbin rufin radiyo na semicircular tare da rectangular, an rage nisa na kaho a wurin da ke tattare da taksi, kuma an cire ƙananan ginshiƙan aminci a kan shingen gaba. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin 1954 an canza canjin juji tare da injunan trolleybus guda biyu da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin kaho tare da jimlar ƙarfin 234 hp da pantograph da aka ɗora akan rufin taksi. Ko da yake wannan ci gaban bai zama misali, da alama sosai dacewa: 39-lita dizal na misali model ya voracious, cinye 135 lita na dizal man da 100 kilomita ko da a cikin manufa yanayi.

A cikin duka, fiye da 1959 MAZ-800 da aka kera a Minsk Automobile Shuka har zuwa 525, bayan da aka canja wurin samar da su zuwa birnin Zhodino zuwa sabuwar bude Belarushiyanci Automobile Shuka.

Ya zama BelAZ

Kamfanin, wanda a yau yake kera manyan motocin juji, bai taso daga karce ba: an samar da ita ne bisa tushen injina na Zhodino, wanda ya kera motoci da na kwashe mutane. Ƙudurin kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU da Majalisar Ministocin Tarayyar Soviet kan canza sunansa zuwa Shuka Motoci na Belarushiyanci ya kasance ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1958. A watan Agusta, Nikolai Ivanovich Derevyanko, wanda a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darektan MAZ, ya zama mai sanar da sabon kafa kamfanin.

Tawagar da aka jagoranta an ba ta aikin ba kawai shirya saurin samar da MAZ-525 wajibi ne ga kasar ba, har ma da samar da layin taro don wannan - manyan motocin juji masu amfani da irin wannan na'ura ba a samar da su ba tukuna. duniya kafin.

Zhodino MAZ-525 na farko daga kayan aikin da Minsk ya ba da an tattara shi a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1958, kuma duk da cewa ba a fara aiki da kayan aiki da yawa ba. Amma riga a cikin Oktoba 1960, bayan debugged na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, kaddamar da kansa samar da latsa da waldi, da kuma ƙware da kerarre na manyan aka gyara da kuma majalisai, Belarushiyanci Automobile Shuka mika dubun MAZ-525 ga abokan ciniki.

Motar juji na cikin gida ta farko ta zama ginshikin samar da taraktocin manyan motoci bisa tushenta. Da farko, a cikin 1952, MAZ-E-525D ya bayyana, wanda aka ƙera don zana 15-cc D-189 scraper, kuma tuni Belarusian Automobile Shuka yayi gwaji da MAZ-525, wanda zai iya ja da juji mai juji guda ɗaya. tirela - wata tirela da aka ƙera don ɗaukar kaya masu yawa har ton 40. Amma ba ɗayan ko ɗayan da aka yi amfani da su ba, galibi saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin injin (alal misali, lokacin da ake zub da jikin, ko da mashin ɗin ya kamata a tura shi da motar turawa, MAZ-525 guda ɗaya tare da ballast a cikin firam ɗin. ). Motar juji na tushe tana da nakasu mai yawa. Da farko, yana da aikin injiniya fiye da kima, ƙarfe da yawa, watsawa mara inganci, ƙarancin gudu kuma ba tare da dakatar da axle na baya ba. Saboda haka, a cikin 1960, masu zane-zane na Belarushiyanci Automobile Shuka sun fara zayyana wani asali sabon BelAZ-540 hakar ma'adinai truck, wanda ya zama kakan babban iyali na Zhodino giant motoci a karkashin BelAZ iri. Ya maye gurbin MAZ-525 a kan sufuri, samar da abin da aka rage a 1965.