Grumman F-14 Bombcat Part 2

A cikin Nuwamba 1994, Vice Admiral Richard Allen, Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Atlantika, ya ba da izini don ci gaba da gwaji tare da tsarin kewayawa da jagora na LANTIRN na F-14 Tomcat.

A farkon shekarun 90, Grumman yayi ƙoƙari ya shawo kan sojojin ruwa na Amurka don daidaita F-14D don ɗaukar ainihin makamai. Zamantakewar Block 1 Strike ya shafi, musamman, shigar da sabbin kwamfutoci da software a kan allo. An kiyasta kudin shirin ya kai dala biliyan 1,6, abin da bai dace ba ga sojojin ruwa. Sojojin ruwan Amurka sun yi niyyar ware kusan dala miliyan 300 kawai don hada bama-baman JDAM da GPS ke jagoranta. Duk da haka, wannan shirin yana cikin ƙuruciya.

A farkon 1994, Martin Marietta ya fara bincike kan yuwuwar samar da kayan aikin F-14 tare da tsarin kewayawa da jagorar LANTIRN (Low Altitude Navigation da Targeting Infra-Red for Night). Tsarin ya ƙunshi tubalan guda biyu: kewayawa AN / AAQ-13 da jagora AN / AAQ-14. Harsashin da aka yi niyya yana da aikin haskaka manufa tare da katako na Laser. An tsara shi don F-15E Strike Eagle fighter-Bombers da F-16. LANTIRN ya yi baftisma na wuta a lokacin Operation Desert Storm, inda ya sami kyakkyawan sakamako. Saboda farashin, an ba da harsashin gani na AN/AAQ-14 don F-14. An kaddamar da wani shiri da ba na hukuma ba, wanda sakamakon hazakar injiniyoyin Martin Marietta da kuma shigar da jami’an sojan ruwa, ya mayar da Tomcat yajin aikin dogaro da kai.

A watan Nuwambar 1994, Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Atlantic Fleet Air Force, Vice Admiral Richard Allen, ya ba da izinin ci gaba da gwaji tare da tsarin LANTIRN. Taimakon sa ga aikin yana da mahimmanci. Duk da haka, babbar matsalar ita ce haɗa kwantena tare da mayaka. Dole ne a yi wannan ta hanyar da ba a buƙatar gyare-gyare masu tsada ga na'urorin jiragen sama da na radar iska. Da an haɗa manyan gyare-gyare tare da ƙarin farashi, wanda sojojin ruwa ba shakka ba za su yarda ba. Ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa na LANTIRN kawai an haɗa shi da tsarin jirgin saman mai faɗa ta hanyar bas ɗin dijital na MIL-STD-1553. An yi amfani da irin waɗannan jiragen akan F-14D, amma ba akan F-14A da F-14B ba. Don haka radar analog na AN/AWG-9 da tsarin kula da wuta na AN/AWG-15 sun kasa “ganin” kwandon LANTIRN. Abin farin ciki, Firchild a lokacin ya ba da adafta ta musamman wanda ya ba da damar haɗa tsarin dijital da na analog ba tare da buƙatar bas ɗin bayanan dijital ba.

Martin Marietta ya ƙirƙira wani ƙira a kan kuɗin kansa, wanda aka nuna wa sojojin ruwan Amurka a farkon 1995. Sakamakon zanga-zangar ya kasance mai gamsarwa sosai cewa a cikin kaka na 1995 sojojin ruwa sun yanke shawarar fara ƙayyadaddun shirin tabbatar da ra'ayi. Shirin yana da abokan adawa da yawa a cikin rundunar sojojin ruwa, wadanda suka yi iƙirarin cewa yana da kyau a zuba jari a cikin jiragen ruwa na Hornets fiye da F-14, wanda ba da daɗewa ba za a janye shi. Mahimmin mahimmanci shine tabbas cewa Martin Marietta ya rufe babban ɓangare na farashin da ke hade da haɗakar tankunan ajiya.

Wani F-14 Tomcat dauke da bama-bamai guda biyu na CBU-99 (Mk 20 Rockeye II) da aka tsara don tinkarar sulke na bam.

An gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyoyi biyu kuma ya haɗa da gyaran duka kwantena da kanta da mayaƙan. Daidaitaccen kwandon AN/AAQ-14 yana sanye da tsarin GPS na kansa da abin da ake kira. Naúrar ma'aunin inertial Litton (IMU) wanda aka samo daga AIM-120 AMRAAM da AIM-9X makami mai linzami na iska zuwa iska da ke ƙarƙashin haɓaka. Duk tsarin biyu na iya haɗawa zuwa tsarin kewayawa mara amfani na F-14. Wannan ya ba da damar yin niyya daidai tare da tsarin da ke ciyar da duk bayanan ballistic ga mayaƙin. Haka kuma, ana iya aiwatar da haɗin tire ɗin tare da na'urar sarrafa gobarar jirgin ba tare da amfani da na'urar radar ba. "Yin wucewa" radar ya sauƙaƙa tsarin haɗin kai sosai, yayin da ya kasance mafita mai inganci kuma mai arha. Kwantenan ya iya yin dukkan lissafin da ake bukata don sakin makamai, wanda ya tura zuwa tsarin kula da wuta na F-14. Shi kuma da kansa ya zazzage dukkan bayanan da ke cikin makaman mayakan, wadanda ya kwafa a cikin bayanansa na ciki. An tsara sashin jagorar da aka gyara an keɓance AN/AAQ-25 LTS (Tsarin Targeting LANTIRN).

Gyaran mayaƙin ya haɗa da, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, shigar da rukunin kula da bunker sanye take da ƙaramin kullin sarrafawa (joystick). An ɗora kwamitin bunker ɗin a gefen hagu a madadin kwamitin bincike na TARPS, kuma kusan shine kawai sarari da ake samu a cikin kokfit na baya. Saboda wannan dalili, F-14 ba zai iya ɗaukar LANTIRN da TARPS lokaci guda ba. Abin farin ciki don sarrafa kan optoelectronic da sarrafa kwantena ya fito ne daga wani tafki na abubuwan da suka rage daga shirin kera jirgin A-12 Avenger II. Hoton daga jikin ruwa za a iya nuna shi a tsayen RIO akan nunin bayanan dabarar TID da aka fi sani da "aquarium sppherical". Koyaya, F-14 daga ƙarshe ta sami sabon abin da ake kira Nunin Bayanin Target na Shirye-shiryen (PTID) mai girman allo 203 x 203 mm. An shigar da PTID a wurin nunin TID na zagaye. Bayanan da aka saba watsawa zuwa TID ta radar iska za a iya "yi aikin" akan hoton da LANTIRN ya nuna. Don haka, PTID a lokaci guda ta nuna bayanai daga duka radar da ke kan jirgin da kuma tashar gani, yayin da tsarin biyu ba su da alaƙa da juna ta kowace hanya. Kamar a farkon 90s, nunin 203 x 202 mm ya kasance na musamman.

Ƙudurin sa ya ba da hoto mafi kyau da amfani fiye da nunin da aka samu a cikin F-15E Strike Eagle fighter-Bombers. Hakanan ana iya hasashe hoton LANTIRN akan ma'aunin VDI na tsaye (a cikin yanayin F-14A) ko ɗaya daga cikin MFD guda biyu (a yanayin F-14B da D). RIO ce ke da alhakin duk aikin kwantena, amma matukin jirgin ya jefa bam "a al'ada" ta hanyar danna maballin a kan joystick. Don dakatar da kwandon LANTIRN, akwai maki ɗaya kawai na abin da aka makala - No. 8b - akan pylon multifunctional dama. An shigar da kwantena ta hanyar amfani da adafta, wanda aka yi niyya tun farko don dakatar da makami mai linzami na AGM-88 HARM.

A farkon 1995, an fara shirin gwajin tankin iska. An kira wannan a hukumance "nuna iyawa" don kada a gudanar da ainihin tsarin shirin gwajin, wanda zai yi tsada sosai. Don gwaji, F-103B (BuNo 14) mai kujera guda ɗaya tare da ƙwararrun ma'aikatan jirgin an " aro" daga ƙungiyar VF-161608. Tomcat wanda ya dace (mai suna FLIR CAT) ya yi jirginsa na farko tare da LANTIRN a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1995. Daga nan aka fara gwajin bam. A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 1995, a filin horo na Dare County a Arewacin Carolina, F-14Bs sun jefa bama-bamai hudu na horo na LGTR - suna kwaikwayon bama-bamai masu jagora. Bayan kwana biyu, an jefa bama-bamai marasa makami guda biyu GBU-16 (inertial). An tabbatar da daidaiton kwandon.

Gwaje-gwaje na gaba, wannan lokacin tare da bam mai rai, an gudanar da shi a wurin gwajin Vieques na Puerto Rican. Tomcat ya samu rakiyar wasu F/A-18Cs sanye da rukunan NITE Hawk. Matukin jirgin na Hornet dole ne su yi amfani da nasu kwas ɗin don bincika ko ɗigon Laser daga tankin LANTIRN da gaske yana kan manufa kuma idan akwai isassun makamashi "haske" daga gare ta. Bugu da kari, dole ne su yi rikodin gwaje-gwajen akan kyamarar bidiyo. A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, an harba bama-bamai guda biyu na GBU-16. Dukansu sun buge makasudin su - tsoffin tankunan M48 Patton. Kashegari, ma'aikatan sun jefa bama-bamai masu rai guda hudu GBU-16 a cikin harbi biyu. Uku daga cikinsu sun buge kai tsaye a kan abin da aka nufa, kuma na hudun ya fadi a tazarar 'yan mitoci daga inda aka nufa. Ma'auni daga gwangwani na NITE Hawk sun nuna cewa ɗigon Laser ana ajiye shi a kowane lokaci, don haka an yi imanin cewa tsarin jagorar bam na huɗu ya gaza. Gabaɗaya, an gano sakamakon gwajin ya fi gamsarwa. Bayan komawa zuwa sansanin Tekun, an gabatar da sakamakon gwajin ga umarnin. An yi amfani da F-14B FLIR CAT a cikin makonni masu zuwa don gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ga duk manyan jami'an umarni masu sha'awar.

A watan Yunin 1995, Sojojin ruwa sun yanke shawarar siyan tiren LANTIRN. A watan Yuni 1996, Martin Marietta zai ba da gwangwani shida kuma ya gyara Tomcats tara. A cikin 1995, Martin Marietta ya haɗu da Kamfanin Lockheed don kafa ƙungiyar Lockheed Martin Consortium. Haɗin tankin ajiya na LANTIRN da shirin gwaji ya kasance rikodi. Dukkanin tsarin, tun daga halittarsa ​​har zuwa isar da kwantena na farko da aka gama ga sojojin ruwa, an gudanar da su cikin kwanaki 223. A watan Yuni 1996, VF-103 Squadron ya zama na farko Tomcat naúrar sanye take da LANTIRN kwantena don tafiya a cikin jirgin yaki a kan jirgin dakon kaya USS Enterprise. Hakanan shine farkon kuma shine kawai lokacin da Tomcats masu kayan LANTIRN ke aiki daga bene ɗaya tare da Grumman A-6E Intruder masu fashewa. A shekara mai zuwa, A-6E ta ƙarshe ta yi ritaya daga sabis. Farashin harsashi daya kusan dala miliyan uku ne. Gabaɗaya, sojojin ruwan Amurka sun sayi tire 3. Wannan ba lamba ba ce wacce ta ba da izinin rarraba kwantena na dindindin ga sassan daidaikun mutane. Kowace rukunin da ke gudanar da yaƙin neman zaɓe na soja sun karɓi kwantena 75-6, kuma an yi amfani da sauran a cikin tsarin horo.

A cikin tsakiyar 90s, dangane da ƙaddamar da jiragen A-6E na iska da kuma yiwuwar samar da F-14 tare da kwantena na LANTIRN, Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta fara ƙayyadaddun shirin sabunta Tomcat. F-14A da F-14B sun karɓi na'urorin jiragen sama waɗanda zasu kawo ƙarfin su kusa da ma'aunin D, gami da: MIL-STD-1553B data bas, haɓaka kwamfutocin AN/AYK-14 akan jirgin, haɓaka ikon sarrafa wutar AN/AWG 15 tsarin, tsarin sarrafa jirgin sama na dijital (DFCS) wanda ya maye gurbin tsarin analog, da tsarin faɗakarwa na AN/ALR-67 RWR.

Bombcat a cikin yaƙi

Godiya ga gabatarwar tsarin jagora na LANTIRN, mayakan F-14 sun zama dandamali masu amfani da gaske da gaske waɗanda ke da ikon aiwatar da kai hare-hare masu zaman kansu da sahihanci akan maƙasudan ƙasa. Sojojin ruwa sun yi amfani da karfin iyawar Bombcats. A cikin 1996-2006, sun shiga cikin duk ayyukan yaki da jiragen sama na Amurka suka shiga: a Operation Southern Watch a Iraki, a cikin Operation Allied Force a Kosovo, Operation Enduring Freedom a Afghanistan, da Operation "'yancin Iraki" ga Iraki. .

Operation Southern Watch ya fara a watan Agusta 1992. Manufarta ita ce kafa da kuma kula da yankin hana zirga-zirgar jiragen saman Iraki. Ya mamaye dukkan kudancin Iraki - kudu da layi na 32. A cikin Satumba 1996, an ƙaura iyakar zuwa layi na 33. Tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu, jiragen kawancen sun yi sintiri a yankin, suna yin katsalanda ga ayyukan jiragen saman Iraki da kuma dakile matakan tsaron sararin samaniyar da Irakin ke yi a kai a kai zuwa cikin yankin. A farkon lokacin, babban aikin Tomcats shine gudanar da sintiri na tsaro na farauta da ayyukan bincike ta amfani da kwantena na TARPS. Ma'aikatan F-14 sun yi nasarar amfani da kwantenan LANTIRN don ganowa da kuma bin diddigin motsin makaman kakkabo jiragen yakin Iraki da na harba makami mai linzami ta wayar hannu. Aikin sintiri na yau da kullun ya ɗauki awanni 3-4. Dogon kewa da dorewar mayakan F-14 shine fa'idarsu babu shakka. Za su iya ci gaba da sintiri har sau biyu muddin mayakan Hornet, wadanda ko dai sun dauki karin mai a cikin iska ko kuma wani canji ya samu sauki.

A shekara ta 1998, rashin amincewar Saddam Hussein na yin haɗin gwiwa da masu sa ido na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan samun damar yin amfani da wuraren kera kayayyaki da kuma tarin makaman kare dangi ya haifar da rikici. A ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1998, Amurka ta kaddamar da Operation Desert Fox, inda aka lalata wasu abubuwa masu muhimmanci a Iraki cikin kwanaki hudu. A daren farko, sojojin ruwan Amurka ne suka kai harin gaba daya, wadanda suka yi amfani da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu da makamai masu linzami na Tomahawk. F-14Bs daga tawagar VF-32 da ke aiki daga kamfanin jigilar jiragen sama na USS Enterprise ne suka halarta. Kowanne daga cikin mayakan yana dauke da bama-bamai guda biyu na GBU-16. A cikin dare uku masu zuwa, rundunar ta kai hari a yankin Bagadaza. F-14Bs na dauke da bama-baman GBU-16 da GBU-10 da ma GBU-24 manyan bama-bamai masu fashewa. An yi amfani da su ne a kan sansanonin da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin Guard Republican Guard.