Mai hazaka daga Poland, ɗan ƙasar Poland - Stefan Kudelski
An kira shi sarkin rayuwa, ba tare da nuna hassada ba. Ilimin iliminsa da faffadan alaƙa tsakanin iyayensa sun ba shi farkon farawa, amma ya riga ya sami nasarar kansa. Nasarorin da ya samu a fannin na'urorin lantarki sun ba shi dukiya da kuma kyaututtuka masu yawa, ciki har da Oscar hudu da Emmys guda biyu.
Dan masu hijirar soja, Stefan Kudelskigina ɗayan mafi kyawun na'urorin rikodi, haɓaka daidaitaccen aiki tare da sauti tare da fim da ƙananan na'urar rikodin kaset.
Tabbacin Uwa
An haife shi a Warsaw, inda ya kawo Lviv Polytechnic mahaifinsa Tadeusz, Casimir Bartel, Firayim Minista na gwamnatoci biyar kafin yakin. A villa na Kudelski iyali a Mokotów sun ziyarci, musamman, magini na Gdynia Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, Janar Kazimierz Sosnkowski da Warsaw shugaban Stefan Starzynski ko da zama kananan Stefan ta godfathers. A lokacin bukukuwan bazara, mahaifiyar Stefan Irena ta ɗauki Stefan a cikin Bugatti zuwa garinsu na Stanisławow, inda yawancin gine-ginen Art Nouveau na birnin ya tsara ta hanyar kakan Stefan, mai zane Jan Tomasz Kudelski.
A Stanislavov (yanzu Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine) ne wani fashewa ya kama Stefan. Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Tare da iyayensa, bin hanyar ƙaura na gwamnatin Poland, ba da daɗewa ba ya bar ƙasar zuwa Faransa. Iyalin kuma sun gudu lokacin da Tadeusz ya fallasa a matsayin memba na juriyar Faransa. Sun sami mafaka a cikin tsaka-tsaki na Switzerland, inda Stefan ya sake komawa makaranta kuma ya kirkiro abubuwan da ya fara.
An fara shi da agogon Swiss. Mahaifiyar ta yanke shawarar yin amfani da fasahar ɗanta don tara kuɗi don tallafawa dangi. A wani taron bita da iyayensa suka kafa, matashi Stéphane ya hada agogon Swiss daga sassan da ya dauko a cikin jakar baya ta kan iyakar kore zuwa Faransa.
A cikin lokacinsa na kyauta, Stefan yayi aiki akan ayyukan kansa. Sakamakon sha'awar kuruciyarsa sun hada da; na'urori don tsaftace iska daga ƙura ta yin amfani da janareta mai girma da na'ura don auna daidaiton agogo ta amfani da oscillators quartz da farkon ƙirƙira haƙƙin mallaka - na'urar daidaita agogo. Stefan ya haɓaka wannan kayan aiki lokacin yana ɗan shekara 15 ko 16. Matashin ba zai iya ba da izinin ƙirƙira da sunansa ba, don haka mahaifiyarsa Irena ta zama marubuci kuma mai mallakar haƙƙin mallaka na farko.
Masu rikodin kaset na Oscar
A cikin 1948 Stefan, wanda ya kammala karatun digiri na Ecole Florimond a Geneva, ya fara karanta ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Federal Polytechnic ta Lausanne. Bai ji dadi ba, domin yana son yin karatu a Amurka, a babbar babbar cibiyar fasaha ta Massachusetts. Amma iyakacin kasafin iyali bai ƙyale mafarkai su cika ba. Ba da daɗewa ba, haɗuwa da yanayi sun shiga cikin rayuwar matashin mai ƙirƙira. Kamar kowane dalibin jami'a, yana sha'awar sabbin fasahohi. A lokacin da ya shiga jami'a, rediyo ba sabon abu ba ne. Stefan ya lura da ayyukan masu watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo na Switzerland, waɗanda suka kawo manyan motoci tare da manyan na'urorin rikodin rikodi waɗanda ke yanke tsagi a fayafai na gargajiya na gargajiya. Cike da sha'awa, ya kalli kayan aiki mara kyau. Nan da nan ya gane cewa rage girmansa zai zama sabon abu mai mahimmanci.
Ya roki mahaifinsa ya ba shi kuɗi don aiwatar da ra’ayinsa, amma ya ƙi rancen, inda ya ba ɗansa gareji kawai don yin babban taron bita. Bayan shekaru biyu Stefan ya bar jami'a. Ya yanke shawarar ya sani isa ingantaccen ilimi da kuma kiyaye shi. Ya sanar da iyayensa cewa ba zai bata lokaci ba wajen kara ilimi kuma ya fara aiwatar da na'urar, yana mai cewa wani ne zai iya kera ta. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, almajirin nasa zai ba Kudelsky lambar yabo ta digiri don karrama gudummawar da ya bayar ga fasaha.
Mai zanen ya fahimci shirye-shiryensa masu ban sha'awa kuma ya fita daga gasar. A cikin 1951 ya ba da haƙƙin mallaka na farko šaukuwa murya rikodin girman girman akwatin takalmawanda ya sanyawa suna "Award"yana nufin yaren Poland. Na'urar rikodin kaset ce ta gida tare da na'urar rikodin kaset ɗin da aka ɗora a bazara. Gidan Rediyon Genève ne ya siyi na'urar akan kudi 1000 mai kauri.
Wannan adadin ya isa a buɗe kamfanin "Kudelski" a unguwar Lausanne. Bayan shekara guda, a cikin 1952, mai rikodin Nagra ya sami lambar yabo ta farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta CIMES (Concours International du Meilleur Enregistrement Sonore) a Lausanne. Kuma a cikin wannan shekarar, ƙungiyar masu hawan dutsen Swiss sun ɗauki samfurin da aka ba da kyauta a kan balaguro zuwa Everest. Kodayake ba a kai ga taron ba, an gwada na'urar a cikin yanayi mai wuyar gaske.
Kudelski ya yi aiki akai-akai don inganta ƙirarsa. Ya kula da kerawa da amincin na'urorin a hankali.. Idan wasu abubuwan ba su cika buƙatun fasaha ba, dole ne ma'aikatan su kera abubuwan da suka ɓace a kan su, da kansu. Ya zama abin kirkira. Mai rikodin Tape Nagra III, 1957 an ba da haƙƙin mallaka. Ita ce na'urar rikodi mai ɗaukuwa ta farko tare da ingancin rikodi kwatankwacin na ɗakin studio.
Baturi mai ƙarfi, kayan aikin transistorized sarrafawa ta hanyar lantarki bel gudun kan ganguna, da sauri ya zama kayan aiki da aka fi so na rediyo, 'yan jarida na TV da masu shirya fina-finai. A cikin 1959, rikodin ya fara fitowa a fim lokacin da darekta Marcel Camus ya yi amfani da kayan Kudelski yayin yin fim na Black Orpheus. Sigar NP Nagra III na iya daidaita sauti zuwa fim ɗin fim, wanda ke nufin ɗakin studio zai iya rage farashin samarwa kuma ya kawar da buƙatar ɗaukar kayan aiki masu nauyi da wahala.
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kusan dukkanin ɗakunan fina-finai za su yi amfani da masu rikodin Nagra; misali, rangadin Bob Dylan na 1965 daga baya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin fim ɗin Kar Ku Duba baya an yi rikodin ta ta amfani da kayan aikin Kudelski.
Tsarin Nagra ya kawo shi gwargwadon yiwuwar duka hudu Academy Awards: Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha guda biyu (1965 da 1977) da kyaututtukan Kwalejin biyu (1978 da 1990) da Emmy Awards masana'antar kiɗa guda biyu (1984 da 1986).
Tun daga wata zuwa kasan ramin Mariana
Har ila yau, ayyuka na musamman sun zama masu sha'awar masu rikodin kudelsky. Gwamnatin shugaban Amurka John F. Kennedy ta ba da umarnin "na musamman" na farko. Sun tambayi Kudelsky ƙaramin juzu'in na'urar rikodi na reel-to-reel. Wannan shi ne yadda abin da ake kira baƙar fata jerin na'urar rikodin kaset ga wakilai da Fadar White House; na'urorin sun yi mu'amala da ƙaramin makirufo da za a iya ɓoye, alal misali, a agogo. Cika wannan tsari ya buɗe duk kofofin kamfanin Kudelsky, kowa yana son masu rikodin Nagra. A cikin 1960, masanin teku na Swiss Jacques Picard, memba na ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Amurka Trieste, ya ba da rikodin rikodi zuwa kasan mashigin Mariana, kuma bayan shekaru tara, Neil Armstrong ya yi amfani da kayan aikin Kudelski lokacin da ya ɗauki mataki na farko a kan jirgin. wata.
An gabatar da samfurin Nagra SNS, tare da wasu abubuwa, muhimmiyar shaida na badakalar Watergate da ta sa shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon ya bar ofis. Kamfanin Kudelski a wancan lokacin ya riga ya sarrafa kashi 90 cikin dari. kasuwar sauti ta duniya. A cikin 1977, Stefan Kudelski ya fara kera nagrafaxes, na'urori don samun taswirar yanayi don bukatun sojojin ruwa. An sayar da kayan aikin Nagra na asali ga waɗanda ba masu sana'a ba a ƙarƙashin wani nau'i daban-daban, misali, kamar na'urorin Sony ko tare da tambarin damuwa na Jamusanci AEG (Telefunken).
3. Hedikwatar kungiyar Kudelski a Chezo-sur-
- Lozanna
Kudelski yayi la'akari da Ampex Nagra VPR 5 magnetoscope daya daga cikin muhimman nasarorin da ya samu. kamara da aikin rikodin sauti. An kirkiro wannan na'ura mai mahimmanci tare da haɗin gwiwar Ampex, kuma ƙalubalen shine daidaita kayan aiki zuwa fasahar dijital. Waɗannan masu rikodin sun dogara ne akan hanyar coding bugun jini da sabbin hanyoyin magance su kamar ƙwaƙwalwar lantarki.
A 1991 Stefan Kudelsky ya mika kamfanin ga dansa Andre Kudelski. Duk da cewa kamfanin ya baje fikafikansa a karkashin sabon gudanarwa, tsoffin na'urorin Nagra, na hannu da na'urar rikodin analog na yau da kullun suna aiki, saya da sake siyarwa daga kamfanin.
An haɗa Stefan Kudelski a cikin jerin masu daraja a cikin 1998. 100 Mafi Girma Geniuses na Switzerland. Ya rasu a shekara ta 2013.
