Jirgin ruwa F125

Samfurin jirgin ruwa na Baden-Württemberg a teku yayin daya daga cikin matakan gwajin teku.

A ranar 17 ga watan Yunin bana, an gudanar da bikin daga tutar Baden-Württemberg, samfurin jirgin ruwan F125, a sansanin sojojin ruwa dake Wilhelmshaven. Don haka, wani muhimmin mataki na ɗaya daga cikin manyan shirye-shiryen Deutsche Marine da ke da rigima ya zo ƙarshe.

Ƙarshen yakin cacar-baki ya haifar da sauye-sauye a tsarin jiragen ruwa na yawancin ƙasashen Turai, ciki har da Deutsche Marine. Kusan rabin karni, wannan kafuwar ya mayar da hankali ne kan ayyukan yaki tare da hadin gwiwar sauran kasashen NATO tare da jiragen ruwan yaki na kasashen Warsaw Pact a cikin tekun Baltic, tare da girmamawa musamman a bangaren yammacinta da kuma tunkarar mashigin Danish, da kuma a kan mashigin ruwa na Danish. kare bakin tekunta. Babban gyare-gyare mafi tsanani a cikin dukan Bundeswehr ya fara karuwa a cikin watan Mayu 2003, lokacin da Bundestag ya gabatar da daftarin aiki da ke bayyana manufofin tsaron Jamus na shekaru masu zuwa - Verteidigungspolitische Richtlinien (VPR). Wannan koyaswar ta yi watsi da manyan matakan tsaro na gida da aka ambata zuwa yanzu don goyon bayan ayyukan duniya, na balaguro, wanda babban makasudinsa shine magance da warware rikice-rikice a yankuna masu tayar da hankali na duniya. A halin yanzu, Deutsche Marine yana da manyan yankuna uku na sha'awar aiki: Tekun Baltic da Bahar Rum da Tekun Indiya (yafi ɓangaren yamma).

Model F125 da aka gabatar a Euronaval 2006 a Paris. An ƙara adadin eriyar radar zuwa huɗu, amma har yanzu akwai guda ɗaya kawai a kan babban tsarin da aka kafa. MONARC har yanzu tana kan hanci.

Zuwa ruwan da ba a sani ba

Maganar farko game da buƙatar samun jiragen ruwa da suka dace da ayyukan da suka taso daga canjin yanayin siyasa a duniya ya bayyana a Jamus a farkon 1997, amma aikin da kansa ya sami nasara kawai tare da buga VPR. Jirgin F125, wanda kuma ake kira da nau'in Baden-Württemberg bayan sunan rukunin farko na jerin, sun zama na biyu - bayan jirgin F124 (Sachsen) - ƙarni na jiragen ruwa na Jamus na wannan aji, wanda aka tsara a cikin bayan yakin. Lokacin yakin cacar baki. Tuni a matakin bincike, an ɗauka cewa za su iya:

• gudanar da ayyuka na dogon lokaci nesa da tushe, galibi na daidaitawa da yanayin 'yan sanda, a yankunan da ke da yanayin siyasa mara kyau;
• kula da rinjaye a yankunan bakin teku;
• tallafawa ayyukan dakarun kawance, da ba su tallafin wuta da kuma amfani da runduna ta musamman da aka sauka;
• gudanar da ayyukan cibiyoyin umarni a matsayin wani bangare na ayyukan kasa da na hadin gwiwa;
• bayar da agajin jin kai a wuraren da bala'o'i ke faruwa.

Don saduwa da waɗannan ƙalubalen, a karon farko a Jamus, an yi amfani da ra'ayi mai zurfi a lokacin ƙirar ƙira. Dangane da zato na farko (wanda bai canza ba a duk tsawon lokacin ƙira da gini), sabbin jiragen ruwa yakamata su ci gaba da yin ayyukansu har tsawon shekaru biyu, suna cikin teku har zuwa sa'o'i 5000 a shekara. Irin wannan aiki mai zurfi na raka'a daga sansanonin gyaran gyare-gyaren da aka tilasta shi don haɓaka tazarar kulawa na mafi mahimmancin sassa, gami da tsarin tuƙi, har zuwa watanni 68. Dangane da raka'o'in da aka yi amfani da su a baya, kamar jiragen ruwa na F124, waɗannan sigogin watanni tara ne, sa'o'i 2500 da watanni 17. Bugu da kari, dole ne a bambanta sabbin jiragen ruwa da babban matakin sarrafa kansa, sabili da haka, ma'aikatan jirgin sun rage zuwa mafi karancin da ake bukata.

Yunkurin farko na kera sabon jirgin ruwa an yi shi ne a rabin na biyu na 2005. Sun nuna wani jirgi mai tsayin mita 139,4 da fadin mita 18,1, kwatankwacin na'urorin F124 da ke gab da kammalawa. Tun daga farko, fasalin fasalin aikin F125 ya kasance manyan gine-ginen tsibiri guda biyu daban-daban, wanda ya ba da damar raba tsarin lantarki da cibiyoyin sarrafawa, yana haɓaka aikinsu (suna ɗaukan asarar wasu ƙarfin su a cikin yanayin gazawa ko lalacewa). . Lokacin yin la'akari da zaɓin ƙirar tuƙi, injiniyoyi sun jagoranci batun dogaro da juriya ga lalacewa, da kuma buƙatun da aka ambata na tsawon rayuwar sabis. A ƙarshe, an zaɓi tsarin CODLAG matasan (haɗe-haɗen diesel-lantarki da injin turbine).

Dangane da ƙaddamar da ayyuka zuwa sababbin raka'a a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Primorsky, ya zama dole don shigar da makamai masu dacewa waɗanda ke iya ba da tallafin wuta. An yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen manyan bindigogi na igwa (Jamusawa sun yi amfani da 76 mm a cikin 'yan shekarun nan) ko makaman roka. Da farko, an yi la'akari da amfani da hanyoyin da ba a saba gani ba. Na farko shi ne tsarin na MONARC (Modular Naval Artillery Concept) tsarin bindigu, wanda ya zaci yin amfani da turret mai sarrafa kansa PzH 155 mai tsawon mm 2000. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a kan jiragen ruwa na F124 guda biyu: Hamburg (F 220) a cikin 2002. da Hessen (F 221) a cikin watan Agusta 2005. A cikin akwati na farko, an shigar da turret PzH 76 da aka gyara akan bindigar 2000 mm, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a gwada yiwuwar haɗin jiki na tsarin a kan jirgin. A gefe guda kuma, wata maƙarƙashiya mai ƙarfi, wacce ke makale da helipad, ta bugi Hesse. An yi harbe-harbe a kan teku da kasa, da kuma duba yadda ake mu'amala da na'urar sarrafa gobarar jirgin. Tsarin makami na biyu tare da tushen ƙasa shine ya zama M270 MLRS na harba roka mai yawa.

An yi watsi da waɗannan ra'ayoyin avant-garde a farkon 2007, babban dalili shi ne tsadar da ake kashewa don daidaita su zuwa yanayin da ya fi rikitarwa. Zai zama dole a yi la'akari da juriya na lalata, dampening ƙarfin jujjuyawar manyan bindigogi, kuma a ƙarshe, haɓaka sabbin harsasai.

Gina tare da cikas

Daya daga cikin manyan shirye-shiryen Deutsche Marine ya haifar da cece-kuce tun daga farko har ma a matakin ministoci. Tuni a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2007, Cibiyar Binciken Tarayya (Bundesrechnungshof - BRH, daidai da Babban Ofishin Audit) ya ba da na farko, amma ba na ƙarshe ba, ƙima mara kyau na shirin, yana gargadin gwamnatin tarayya (Bundesregieng) da Bundestag. Kwamitin Kudi (Haushaltsausschusses) kan cin zarafi. A cikin rahotonta, kotun ta nuna, musamman, rashin cikakkiyar hanyar zana kwangilar kera jiragen ruwa, wanda ke da matukar fa'ida ga masana'antun, tun da ya shafi biyan kusan kashi 81% na jimlar bashin da ke gaban kamfanin. isar da samfur. Duk da haka, kwamitin kudi ya yanke shawarar amincewa da shirin. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, ARGE F125 (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fregatte 125) haɗin gwiwar thyssenkrupp Marine Systems AG (tkMS, jagora) da Br. Lürssen Werft ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da Ofishin Tarayya don Fasahar Tsaro da Siyayya BwB (Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung) don ƙira da gina jiragen ruwa na F125 guda huɗu. Darajar kwangilar a lokacin da aka rattaba hannun ta kusan Yuro biliyan 2,6 ne, wanda ya ba da kudin naúrar Yuro miliyan 650.

Bisa ga takardar da aka sanya wa hannu a watan Yuni 2007, ARGE F125 ya kamata ya mika samfurin naúrar a ƙarshen 2014. Duk da haka, kamar yadda ya faru daga baya, wannan wa'adin ba zai iya cika ba, tun da yanke zanen gine-gine na ginin. na gaba Baden-Württemberg aka dage farawa kawai a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2011., da kuma na farko block (dimensions 23,0 × 18,0 × 7,0 m da nauyi kimanin. 300 ton), kunshi keel alama, da aka aza kusan watanni shida daga baya - a watan Nuwamba. 2.

A farkon shekara ta 2009, an sake fasalin aikin, inda aka canza tsarin cikin jirgin, da karuwa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, yankin kayan aiki da ma'ajiyar makamai na jirage masu saukar ungulu. Duk gyare-gyaren da aka yi a wancan lokacin ya ƙara ƙaura da tsayin jirgin, don haka yarda da ƙimar ƙarshe. Wannan bita ya tilasta wa ARGE F125 sake yin shawarwari kan sharuɗɗan kwangilar. Shawarar BwB ta ba ƙungiyar ƙarin watanni 12, ta haka ta tsawaita shirin har zuwa Disamba 2018.

Tun da babban rawa a cikin ARGE F125 ta tkMS rike (80% na hannun jari), shi ne ya yanke shawarar zabi na subcontractors da hannu a cikin gina sabon tubalan. Filin jirgin ruwa wanda aka yi wa aiki da pre-fabrication na amidships da aft sashe, shiga cikin hull blocks, su na karshe kayan aiki, tsarin hadewa da kuma m gwajin shi ne Hamburg na tushen Blohm + Voss, sa'an nan mallakar tkMS (mallakar Lürssen tun 2011). A gefe guda kuma, filin jirgin ruwa na Lürssen da ke Vegesack kusa da Bremen ne ke da alhakin kera da kuma fara kayan kayyakin katangar baka mai tsayin mita 62, gami da babban tsarin baka. Wani ɓangare na aikin ƙwanƙwasa (ɓangarorin baka, gami da pears na jiragen ruwa na farko) an ba da izini ta hanyar shukar Peenewerft a Wolgast, sannan mallakar Hegemann-Gruppe, sannan P + S Werften, amma tun daga 2010 Lürssen. Daga ƙarshe, wannan filin jirgin ruwa ne ya samar da cikakkun tubalan baka don jiragen ruwa na uku da na huɗu.