Ferrari 512 BB vs. Lamborghini Miura P 400 SV: baya a tsakiya - Cars wasanni

Mutum na iya murƙushe hanci idan ya ga motocin wasanni biyu tare waɗanda a zahiri ke wakiltar shekaru biyu daban-daban na mafi kyawun masana'antar motar motsa jiki ta Italiya, shekaru sittin na ƙarni na ƙarshe. Miura da saba'in na BB. Amma, idan muka yi la’akari da cikakkun bayanai na waɗannan labarai guda biyu, waɗanda ba su haɗa juna ba, amma sun haɗu, mun fahimci yadda ya fi dacewa a haɗa su fiye da yadda za a iya gani da farko.

Da farko dai, dodanni biyu a cikin sabis ɗinmu sune mafi mahimmancin juyin halitta na samfuran su (Ban yi la'akari da 512 BBi ba idan aka kwatanta da carburetors 12-ganga Sant'Agata), amma sama da duka, shekarar da “Miura” bambance-bambancen karatu" ya daina samarwa The BB (ba 512 ba, amma 365 GT4, ko kuma jerin farko na wannan ban mamaki Berlinetta Ferrari) ya fara tafiya a cikin kasuwar wasanni, ya haifar da tashin hankali a tsakanin magoya baya, kamar yadda Miura ya yi. yi shekaru bakwai da suka wuce.

Amma a cikin tsari. A 1965 Turin Motor Show akan tsayawar Lamborghini Sabuwar chassis tare da haruffan PT 400 (watau 4 lita transverse rear) tare da firam ɗin ƙarfe da tsarin ƙarfe da buɗewar haske iri-iri, a kallon farko mai kama da waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin motocin tsere, ya tabbatar da kansa sosai. Injiniyan ne ya tsara wannan aikin fasaha (yanzu mallakin ƴan tarayar Amurka biyu, Joe Saki da Gary Bobileff). Gian Paolo Dallar (mahaliccin Veyron chassis a yau) don saukar da injin 12-cylinder mai lita 3.9 (3.929 cc, 350 hp a 7.000 rpm) a cikin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki wanda ba wani injiniya ya tsara ba. Giotto Bizzarrini.

Wannan bayyanar mai wucewa, wanda ya haifar da jin dadi a tsakanin masu sha'awar motoci na wasanni, ya yi tsammanin canji a cikin yanayin cewa mota mai irin wannan shasi (Miura, ba shakka) zai kawo, ba tare da damuwa ba, ga duniyar wasanni na wasanni. Miura na farko, P400, an gabatar da shi a cikin 1966 a Nunin Mota na Geneva kuma ya maimaita jin daɗi da nasarar chassis ɗin da yake ɗauka. Ya sanya duk wanda ya shafi shekaru cikin kiftawar ido tare da layukan sa na gaba (na lokacin), ya daidaita kuma ya kwanta a kasa, wanda wani matashi ya tsara. Marcello Gandini, tare da bayani mai ban sha'awa - manyan murfi guda biyu waɗanda ke buɗewa kamar littafi, suna ɓoye sirrin injin mota kuma suna barin tsarin ciki a tsakiyar kusan tsirara. Hanyar juyin juya hali da muka yi magana akai kuma ya taimaka wajen zama Martian.

Da yake magana game da makanikai, ya kamata a jaddada cewa don ceton rukunin duka injin ciki biyu axles (a cikin wannan harka matsalar ne raya axle) Bizzarrini (wanda ya fi son wannan engine tsari da cewa ya kuma soma shi ga gaban injuna, biyu a kan almara Ferrari 250 GTO da kuma a kan "na" Bizzarrini 5300 GT Strada) sanya Speed Miura P400 a kasan silinda block. Bayan samar da na farko uku kofe na mota, injiniya Dallar (taimaka a cikin aikin Miura, Turanci. Paolo Stanzani da matukin gwajin New Zealand Bob Wallace) ya gane cewa jujjuya injin a agogon hannu (idan aka kalli motar daga hagu) baya barin injin ya yi aiki a hankali. Daga nan aka juya alkiblar jujjuyawa, ta ba da damar isar da wutar lantarki na yau da kullun. A zane zabi don sanya tafki tsakanin gida da gaban kaho, wanda da farko ya bayyana ya zama Columbus kwai don inganta nauyi rarraba, a zahiri halitta wasu matsaloli na farko jerin Miura (475 raka'a sanya daga 1966 zuwa 1969) a matsayin sannu-sannu fanko saboda. don walƙiya hanci na tanki, wanda ya fara "tasowa" a cikin sauri mai sauri, saboda abin da ƙafafun gaba ya rasa mahimmancin mahimmanci da kwanciyar hankali.

Le yi Babban Miura mai tsayin kilomita 280 a cikin sa'a ya bayyana wannan matsala a fili, ganin cewa masu hanyar mafi sauri a duniya a lokacin ba su iyakance ga amfani da shi don yin tafiya ba. A wannan batun, wani drawback na farko P400 Miura jerin kasance braking (wanda na iya gani da kaina, da yawa ga damuwa, a lokacin tafiya daga Milan zuwa Sant'Agata): tsarin da aka shigar a kan sigar farko bai yarda da cikakken ikon wannan dabba ba da kuma mayar da martani ga matsa lamba. a kan fedals ya iyakance kuma ya makara. An magance waɗannan batutuwan matasa na farko a cikin bugu na biyu na Miura, P 400 S na 1969, godiya ga karɓo. tayoyi fadi kuma yana ba da tsarin birki da sababbi tafiyarwa iska mai kai da babban diamita. Akwai iko engine, godiya ga wani sauki karuwa a cikin matsawa rabo (wanda ya tashi daga 9,5: 1 zuwa 10,4: 1), ya tashi daga 350 zuwa 370 hp, kuma a 7.000 rpm, da kuma gudun ya karu zuwa mai kyau 287 km / h .Quartet carburetors A Weber 40 IDA 30 tri-bodied, a zahiri gasa, an gyaggyara da wani karamin tanki don zubar da man fetur da ba a kone don shawo kan gazawar da aka samu a farkon jerin.

An ci gaba da samar da P 400 S (raka'a 140 kawai) ko da lokacin da aka gabatar da sigar Miura ta ƙarshe a cikin 1971, mafi kyawun cikakke kuma cikakke (kuma a yau kuma mafi yawan ambato da nema): Saukewa: P400SV. Wannan fushi, a ƙarshe ya ɓace gira a kusa da fitilolin mota (sai dai a waɗancan lokatai da ba kasafai ba lokacin da mai siye ke son waɗancan grille masu ban sha'awa, kamar yadda ya faru tare da samfurin sabis ɗinmu wanda Ferruccio Lamborghini ya ƙirƙira). fuka-fuki Na baya ya faɗaɗa don ɗaukar sabbin tayoyin 235/15/60 waɗanda ke ba shi ƙari mai ban sha'awa, da injin da ke iya 385 hp. a 7.850 rpm, wanda ya ba SV damar motsawa a cikin sauri mai ban mamaki na 295 km / h (kuma muna magana game da 1971).

Bayan haka, bayan wata babbar sana'a wadda ta kai kusan shekaru bakwai (wanda a cikinsa akwai manyan mashahuran mutane irin su Claudio Villa, Little Tony, Bobby Solo, Gino Paoli, Elton John da Dean Martin, da kuma sarakuna irin su Sarki Hussein na Jordan ko Mohammad Reza Pahlavi). , sun yi amfani da shi a matsayin su na sirri mota), da juyin juya hali Miura bar wurin a karshen 72 (na karshe na 150 P 400 SV model, chassis lambar 5018, aka sayar a cikin bazara na 73), da manufa antagonist. Ferrari 365 GT4 BB ya shiga samarwa.

A lokaci guda kuma, lokaci ya yi da za a sami canji mai zurfi a cikin tsarin injiniya na kamfanin Maranello: bayan ƙoƙari na farko mai ban tsoro tare da. goma sha biyu cylinders Daga 250 LM, wanda ya kasance kusan motar motsa jiki wanda ya dace da hanya, a cikin 365 GT / 4 BB Ferrari ya sake motsa injin, wannan lokacin tare da ƙaura mai mahimmanci (4.390,35 cc) fiye da wancan. Le Mans da Dino 6 GT na baya 206-Silinda, a bayan direba don inganta rarraba nauyi da haka kunnawa da riko da hanya. Don haka 365 GT4 BB ita ce Ferrari mai hawa 12 na farko da aka dora injin a bayan direban.

Wani babban ci gaba ne da sabon ya kawo Berlinetta Boxer by Maranello, wata mota mai kishi da tauye da layukan nuni, maras ƙarfi da tashin hankali, kamar ƙaramar ruwa. Amma labarin bai tsaya nan ba: 365 GT4 BB ita ce, a haƙiƙa, ita ma Ferrari ta farko da ta fara tafiya da injin dambe. Wannan inji mai juyi 12-Silinda ba za a iya kiransa da gaske ɗan dambe ba, sai dai injin V-twin (ko damben dambe) 180-digiri, kamar yadda aka ɗora sandunan haɗin kai bi-biyu akan igiya guda ɗaya maimakon ɗab'i daban-daban na kowane sanda mai haɗawa. . (kamar yadda tsarin dambe ya bukata). Wannan injunan injiniyan injiniya yana ɗaukar kai tsaye daga ƙwarewar Ferrari a cikin Formula uku tare da injin lita na 3 wanda Mauro Forghieri ya tsara a cikin 1969 (bayan Ferrari, 1964 F512 riga a kan hanya a cikin 1 tare da injin tare da kishiyar cylinders). ya kuma sa a samu raguwa sosai baricentr daga cikin motar.

A farkon bayyanarsa a bainar jama'a a 1971 Turin Motor Show, sabon berlinetta ya kasance abin girgiza gaske ga tunanin gama gari na masu sha'awar Ferrari kuma an sanya shi da kyau don lashe mafi kyawun bita a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci daga waɗannan abokan cinikin da suka riga sun gwada babban. iyakar Daytona da ta gabata. Sabuwar mota, duk da haka, da aka sanya a cikin samar kawai a farkon 1973. Ikon "lebur goma sha biyu" Berlinetta Boxer, duk da haka, ya sanya wannan jinkiri: daga 4,4 lita na ƙaura, Ferrari injiniyoyi sun gudanar da "matsi" kusan 400 horsepower (380 hp a 7.700 rpm). Don haka an shirya 365 GT/4 BB don saduwa da mafi girman buƙatun aikin Ferraris “cikakkar” mai ƙarfi. An ce tare da sabon juyin halitta na wannan supercar daga Maranello, Gilles Villeneuve ne adam wata ya saba tafiya "cikin natsuwa" daga gidansa a Montecarlo zuwa Maranello, yana fifita jirgin 512 BB akan helikwaftansa, tunda a cewarsa, lokacin da ake bukata na tafiyar ya kusan iri daya.

Amma "mythology" baya, BB tabbas ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi ƙaunataccen Ferraris na zamani: tashin hankali, wanda kawai mafi ƙwararrun zai iya ɗauka, ya sa ya zama abu mai ban tsoro da ban sha'awa wanda zai iya haifar da damuwa da hassada a yawancin masu sha'awar mota. Layukan sa masu tayar da hankali, saman murfin gaban da gilashin iska suna karkatar da su don bacin rai, kamar ana ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa daga iska. retractable fitilolin mota don kada ya dame manufa aerodynamics na rana, wutsiya da aka yanke tare da ɗan rataye kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da gatari na baya (saɓanin gaba), sun sanya Berlinetta Boxer wani abu na jirgin ruwa kuma sun sami zukatan waɗanda suka gan shi a cikin madubi na baya a tseren tsere. Gudun 365 GT/4 BB ya kai ga saurin iskar gas na lokacin: 295 km / h, yana tafiya kilomita ɗaya daga tsayawa a cikin daƙiƙa 25,2 kacal.

Tare da ɗan ƙaramin ƙafar ƙafa fiye da Daytona na baya (2.500 mm maimakon 2.400 mm) kuma mafi kyawun rarraba nauyi wanda sabon tsarin chassis ya ba da garantin, tare da injin a kusan matsayi na tsakiya, wannan berlinetta yana da keɓaɓɓen drivability wanda ya kiyaye shi da kyau akan hanya. hali na gaskiya, wanda ƙwararrun matukan jirgi za su iya tsinkaya, amma tare da iyakoki waɗanda ke da wahalar gaske ga masu mutuwa kawai su samu.

A shekarar 1976, wani sabon injin kusan 5.000 cc. cc (4.942,84 cc) an saka shi zuwa BB kuma sunansa ya zama 512 BB. A kan wannan sabon sigar Berlinetta daga Maranello (motar sabis ɗinmu), an faɗaɗa hanyoyin tituna kuma an kafa tayoyi masu girma, suna cin gajiyar riga mai mahimmanci. rike hanya. Daga ra'ayi na ado, hanta ya sami launi biyu (baƙar fata ga ƙananan jiki), ɗaya. mai ɓarna a karkashin gasa don inganta hanci kwanciyar hankali da shan iska Bayanan martaba na Naca a kasan bangon bangon bayan kofofin, da kuma sabbin manyan fitilun wutsiya guda biyu wadanda suka maye gurbin ukun da suka gabata.

Koyaya, duk da girman girman injin, ƙarfin da aikin sabon berlinetta ya ɗan rage kaɗan. Tare da ikon 360 hp. a 7.500 rpm, babban gudun ya ragu zuwa "kawai" 283 km / h, ga rashin jin daɗi na mafi yawan magoya bayan Ferrari. Sai dai kuma sabon sigar BB, wanda ya fi armashi da iya sarrafa shi, ya sa ya isa ga masu sauraren da ba “Formula Drivers” kadai ba.

A cikin latest version, wanda yana daallurar lantarki Bosch K-Jetronic aikin kai tsaye maimakon baturi na manyan manyan ganga guda hudu Weber carburetors, 512 BBi (wanda aka gabatar a cikin 1981) yana da ƙarin fitilun matsayi guda biyu akan grille na gaba da ƙaramin "i" yana leƙewa akan bangon chrome. farantin rating tare da ƙirar ƙira.

Wannan kyakkyawan Ferrari berlinette genie tabbas za a iya kiransa "mahaifiyar" wani lokaci mai juyayi a tarihin motocin Maranello, duka dangane da motsin injin bayan direba da kuma canza yanayin tsarin V-siffa. Silinda (ba a sake ƙera su ba, duk da haka, bayan wannan babban Ferrari ya fita daga samarwa). Tabbas yana ɗaya daga cikin Ferraris wanda ya ba da tabbacin motsin zuciyar da 'yan kaɗan kawai za su iya iyawa. Don ganin 512 BB a yau, tare da watakila Lamborghini mafi soyuwa a cikin tarihin Sant'Agata, gata ce da na sami damar iyawa kawai ta hanyar aikina na mai daukar hoto da jarida.

Babu shakka cewa Miura ko da a yau - mota maras kyau, yayin da duk da na kwarai taurin da kaifi na Lines, 512 BB daukan mafi classic da kuma ladabi hanya. Miura yana da fara'a na motar tsere, kuma zaku iya faɗi hakan ta kusan santimita goma waɗanda ke raba shi tsayin daka daga BB mai “daɗi”. Amma idan sun ce mani fanko don zaɓar ɗaya daga cikinsu, ba zan iya yanke shawara ba kuma za mu iya yanke shawara kuma za a iya ba da amsa kamar wannan: "Waɗannan su ne ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai guda biyu, na musamman dangane da ƙira da makaniki na wasanni. motoci, zan iya daukar su duka biyu? "