F-35 na Poland

Godiya ga yarjejeniyar LoA, wanda bangaren Yaren mutanen Poland suka fara a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2020, a cikin 2030 Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Poland za ta sami runduna guda biyar sanye da jiragen yaki da yawa da kamfanin Lockheed Martin na Amurka ya kera.

A ranar 31 ga Janairu, jami'in "sa hannu" na yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatoci kan siyan da Poland na 32 Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II Multi-purpose yãƙi jirgin sama ya faru a Soja Aviation Academy a Dęblin, wanda aka sanar na wani lokaci da Ministan tsaron kasar Mariusz Blaszczak. Taron ya kawata da halartar shugaban kasar Poland Andrzej Duda da firaminista Mateusz Morawiecki da ministan tsaro Mariusz Blaszczak da babban hafsan hafsoshin sojan Poland Janar Raimund Andrzejczak. Jakadiyar Amurka a Poland Georgette Mosbacher ma ta halarta.

An tattauna buƙatar ƙarfafa haɓakawa da sauye-sauye na kayan aikin Sojan Sama tun lokacin da aka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2003 da ke bayyana yanayin siyan 48 Lockheed Martin F-16C / D Block 52+ Jastrząb jiragen sama masu yawa. jirgin yaki. Sakamakon rashin fahimtar sayan wani nau'in jirgin sama na musamman da kuma hanyar samunsa, da kuma wasu dalilai na kudi da kungiyoyin siyasa suka ɓullo da su kuma suka tabbatar, an dage yanke shawarar siyan rukuni na gaba na jiragen sama na yammacin Turai. Ci gaba da fama da yuwuwar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama an warware ta ta hanyar tsawaita rayuwar jiragen Su-22 da MiG-29. Masana'antar tsaron ƙasa ta karɓe ta - Cibiyar Fasaha ta Sojojin Sama a Warsaw da Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze nr 2 SA a Bydgoszcz. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fahimtar cewa rayuwar sabis na motocin yaƙi na Soviet ba makawa ya zo ƙarshe, an sake dawo da bincike kan siyan sabbin jiragen yaƙi da yawa, suna karkata zuwa ga motocin F-5 na ƙarni na 35. Duk da haka, mafi kusantar, da F-35 da an sayi 'yan shekaru daga baya, idan ba don "baƙar fata jerin" hadurran da suka shafi MiG-29, fara da wuta a Malbork Airport a kan Yuni 11, 2016. A sakamakon haka. Daga cikin wadannan abubuwan, an lalata motoci hudu ko kuma sun yi mummunar barna, kuma matukin daya daga cikinsu ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2018 a kusa da Paslenok.

A ranar Nuwamba 23, 2017, da Armaments Inspectorate na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta kasa (ID) buga sanarwar game da farkon kasuwar bincike a cikin ayyukan "Inganta yiwuwar aiwatar da ayyuka a cikin tsarin na m da tsaro fama da makiya ta iska m da kuma m. an gudanar da ayyuka don tallafawa ƙasa, ruwa da ayyuka na musamman - Multipurpose Combat Aircraft." da "Airborne Electronic Jamming Capability". Kodayake ba su yi amfani da lambar sunan Harpia ba, wanda ya bayyana a baya a cikin mahallin tsarin siyan sabon jirgin sama mai fa'ida, ya bayyana ga kowa da kowa cewa sanarwar PS tana da alaƙa da wannan shirin. Masu sha'awar masana'antun sun kasance har zuwa Disamba 18, 2017 don gabatar da aikace-aikacen su. A sakamakon haka, Saab Defence and Security, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Boeing Company, Leonardo SpA da Fights On Logistics Sp. z oo Baya ga kamfani na ƙarshe, sauran kamfanoni sanannun masana'antun mayaka masu yawa, galibi nau'ikan ƙarni 4,5. Lockheed Martin kawai zai iya ba da ƙarni na 5 F-35 Walƙiya II. Alamu ce cewa kamfanin Dassault Aviation na Faransa, wanda ya kera mayakan Rafale, bai halarci wannan rukuni ba. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan wannan rashin halartar shi ne sanyaya haɗin gwiwar soja-fasahar tsakanin Warsaw da Paris, wanda ya haifar, musamman, ta hanyar sokewar da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Kasa ta yi a cikin 2016 na sayan Airbus H225M Caracal jiragen sama masu yawa. Ko kuma kawai Dassault Aviation ta tantance da kyau cewa yuwuwar tayin zai zama hanya ta facade kawai.

Kasancewar manyan 'yan siyasar Poland a Deblin sun tabbatar da muhimmancin bikin 31 ga Janairu da kuma mahimmancin sayen F-35A ga Sojan Sama. A cikin hoton, tare da Georgette Mosbacher da Mariusz Blaszczak, shugaban kasar Poland Andrzej Duda da firaminista Mateusz Morawiecki.

Shirin sabunta fasaha na Sojojin Yaren mutanen Poland na shekaru 28-2019 (PMT 2017-2026), wanda aka gabatar a watan Fabrairun 2017, 2026, ya lissafa sayan jiragen yaƙi da yawa 32, abin da ake kira. Ƙarni na 5, wanda F-16C / D Jastrząb ke aiki a halin yanzu zai sami goyan bayan. Sabon aikin ya kamata: ya sami damar yin aiki a cikin yanayin da ke cike da matakan tsaro na iska, ya kasance mai cikakken jituwa tare da jiragen sama masu haɗin gwiwa kuma ya sami damar watsa bayanan da aka karɓa a ainihin lokacin. Irin waɗannan bayanan sun nuna a sarari cewa F-35A, wanda aka haɓaka a matsayin abin hawa na ƙarni na 5 kawai da ake samu a Yamma, ana iya siyan shi ta hanyar tsarin siyar da sojan waje na Tarayyar Amurka. A ranar 12 ga Maris ne Shugaba Duda ya tabbatar da wadannan zato, wanda, a wata hira ta rediyo, ya sanar da fara tattaunawa da bangaren Amurka game da sayen motocin F-35. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa nan da nan bayan hadarin MiG-29 a ranar 4 ga Maris, 2019, shugaban kasa da kuma Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa sun sanar da fara nazarin sayan Harpies, kamar yadda a cikin yanayin Hawks - wani aiki na musamman. kafa kudade don shirin a waje da kasafin kudin Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Kimiyya. A ƙarshe, ba a yarda da ra'ayin ba, kuma Ma'aikatar Tsaro ce kawai ta saya. Al'amura sun yi shuru a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa na Maris, kawai don sake zafafa yanayin siyasa a ranar 4 ga Afrilu. A wannan rana, yayin muhawara a majalisar dokokin Amurka, wad. Matthias W. "Mat" Winter, shugaban ofishin shirin F-35 (wanda ake kira Joint Program Office, JPO) a Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka, ya sanar da cewa gwamnatin tarayya na tunanin amincewa da sayar da zane ga wasu kasashen Turai hudu. : Spain, Girka, Romania da… Poland. Da yake tsokaci kan wannan bayani, Minista Blaszczak ya kara da cewa, ana shirya tsarin kudi da shari'a don siyan "a kalla jiragen sama na 32 na 5". Bangaren Yaren mutanen Poland sun yi ƙoƙari don rage hanyoyin ba da izinin siye, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen hanyar shawarwari. A cikin makonnin da suka biyo baya, yanayin zafi a kusa da F-35 ya “sake” ya sake tashi a watan Mayu. Kwanaki biyu da alama suna da mahimmanci - Mayu 16 da 28. A ranar 16 ga Mayu, an gudanar da muhawara a cikin kwamitin tsaro na Majalisar Dokoki, inda Wojciech Skurkiewicz, Sakataren Jiha na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Kasa, ya sanar da wakilan game da ainihin zabi na jirgin sama na 5th (watau F-35A). ga rundunonin sojojin sama guda biyu. Sayen kayan aiki na farko an haɗa shi a cikin 2017-2026 PMT, kuma na biyu - a cikin lokacin tsarawa na gaba. Ta hanyar amincewa da siyan a matsayin buƙatar aiwatarwa na gaggawa, ana iya amfani da hanyar da ba ta zuwa gasa.

Bi da bi, a ranar 28 ga Mayu, Minista Blaszczak ya sanar da cewa Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta kasa ta aika da takardar neman izinin (LoR) zuwa Amurka game da amincewa da siyar da F-32As 35 da kuma sharuddan sa. Bayanin da ministan ya bayar ya nuna cewa LoR, baya ga siyan jirgin da kansu, ya hada da kayan aiki da kayan aikin horo, wato, ma'auni da aka kafa a yanayin tsarin FMS. ƙaddamar da LoR ya zama hanya ta yau da kullun a ɓangaren Amurka, wanda ya haifar da buga aikace-aikacen fitarwa ta Hukumar Tsaro da Tsaro (DSCA) a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2019. Mun koyi cewa Poland tana sha'awar siyan F-32As 35 tare da injin Pratt Whitney F135 guda ɗaya. Bugu da kari, daidaitattun dabaru da tallafin horo suna cikin kunshin. Amurkawa sun saita matsakaicin farashin wannan kunshin akan dala biliyan 6,5.

A halin da ake ciki, a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2019, an amince da shirin sabunta fasaha na Sojojin Yaren mutanen Poland na 2021-2035, wanda, saboda tsawon lokacinsa, ya riga ya ba da siyan motocin ƙarni na 5 masu amfani da yawa don ƙungiyoyi biyu.

Kamar yadda muka koya kwanaki kadan kafin bikin a Deblin, a lokacin da bangaren Poland ya kaddamar da yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar (LoA), wanda wakilan gwamnatin Amurka suka sanya wa hannu a baya, a karshe, an rage farashin kunshin yayin tattaunawar. zuwa matakin dala biliyan 4,6, dalar Amurka biliyan 17, watau kusan biliyan 572 zł miliyan 35. F-87,3A daya ana sa ran zai kashe kusan dala miliyan 2,8. Ya kamata a jaddada cewa wannan shi ne abin da ake kira kudin tashi, watau. ƙananan farashin da masana'anta ke kashewa yayin ba da glider tare da injin, wanda baya nufin abokin ciniki yana karɓar jirgin sama a shirye don aiki, har ma fiye da haka don yaƙi. Poland za ta biya dala biliyan 61 don jirgin da injinansu, wanda shine kusan kashi 35% na adadin kwangilar. An kiyasta kudin horar da jirgin da kuma ma'aikatan fasaha a dala miliyan XNUMX.

An samu raguwar farashin, a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, saboda ƙin mayar da duka ko ɓangaren kuɗin saye ta hanyar biya. A cewar Ma'aikatar Tsaro, kawai ƙin biya diyya ya ceci kusan dala biliyan 1,1. Koyaya, ana iya tsammanin Lockheed Martin da abokansa na masana'antu za su haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tare da masana'antar tsaro da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na Poland, wanda aka gabatar yayin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Lockheed Martin Corp. Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa SA. akan fadada damar Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze No. 2 SA a cikin Bydgoszcz a fagen kula da jiragen sama na C-130 Hercules da jirgin sama na F-16.

Adadin dalar Amurka biliyan 4,6 shine farashin net, lokacin da kayan da aka siya suka wuce iyakokin Poland, dole ne ta biya VAT. Bisa kididdigar da ma'aikatar tsaron kasar ta yi, adadin kudin da aka kashe na karshe zai karu da kusan biliyan PLN PLN, zuwa matakin da ya kai kimanin PLN biliyan 3 (a canjin dalar Amurka a ranar sanya hannu kan kwangilar). Duk biyan kuɗi a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar LoA dole ne a biya su a cikin 20,7-2020.

A cikin bayanin da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta ba wa jama'a, an san cewa F-35A na Poland zai fita daga samarwa a nan gaba kuma zai zama daidaitaccen nau'in Block 4, wanda har yanzu ake ci gaba. Poland kuma za ta kasance ta biyu. - bayan Norway - mai amfani da motocin F-35, waɗanda za a sanye su da masu riƙe birki na ƙwanƙwasa waɗanda ke gajarta aikin (ta tsohuwa, F-35A ba ta da su). Dangane da tanade-tanaden kwangilar, a lokacin ingancinta, duk gyare-gyare (mafi yawan software) da aka aiwatar akan dindindin a cikin jerin samarwa na gaba za a aiwatar da su akan injunan da aka kawo a baya.

F-35A na farko na Sojan Sama ya kamata a ba da shi a cikin 2024 kuma a farkon sabis ɗin su, da kuma wani ɓangare na jirgin sama daga rukunin da aka shirya bayarwa a cikin 2025 (shida a duka) za a sanya shi a cikin Amurka don horar da matukan jirgi da tallafin kasa - bisa ga yarjejeniyar, Amurkawa za su horar da matukan jirgi 24 (ciki har da da yawa har zuwa matakin malamai) da masu fasaha 90. Za kuma a yi amfani da su wajen ayyukan raya kasa. Wannan wa'adin yana nufin Amurkawa ba za su mika wa Poland nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan block 3F guda shida da aka riga aka kera don Turkiyya ba, wadanda ke bukatar a sake gina su zuwa ma'auni na Block 4, wadanda a halin yanzu suke asu kuma suna jiran makomarsu. A ƙarshen shekarar da ta gabata, kafofin watsa labaru sun yi hasashe game da makomarsu, wanda ke nuna cewa waɗannan jiragen za su iya zuwa Poland ko Netherlands (wanda ya kamata ya ƙara tsarin su na yanzu zuwa raka'a 37).